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Modeling water resources under competing demands for sustainable development: A case study of Kaligandaki Gorge Hydropower Project in Nepal

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Water Science and Engineering 2019年第1期12卷 19-26页

作者： Rakesh Sahukhal Tri Ratna Bajracharya Energy Environment Research and Development CentreLalitpur 44602Nepal Institute of Engineering Department of Mechanical EngineeringTribhuwan UniversityLalitpur 44600Nepal

The challenges posed by climate change require that the quantity and quality of water resources in Nepal be managed with sustainable development practices. The communities around the Kaligandaki Gorge Hydropower Project in the Myagdi District of Nepal depend on river flow for most of their rural and agricultural needs. Without a sustainable development plan, the growing population of the region, confined in an area with declining water resources, will face serious challenges to economic growth. Meteorological data show increasing annual average rainfall at a slight rate of about 0.284 mm/year, with erratic annual percentage change in rainfall in the area. The mean and minimum temperatures show decreasing trends at the rates of 0.05-C and 0.14-C per year, respectively. An assessment of the impacts on water availability for domestic and irrigation usage in the face of competing demands caused by the hydropower development project in the Kaligandaki Gorge was undertaken. The water demand and supply modeling were conducted using the water evaluation and planning (WEAP) model, based on discharge data from the Kaligandaki River, which were obtained from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Nepal. The available data from 2001 to 2003 were used to estimate the model parameters while the stability of these parameters was tested with a validation period from 2004 to 2007. The performance of the model was assessed through statistical measures of calibration with the root mean square error and coefficient of determination, whose values were 0.046% and 0.79, respectively. Two scenarios were created in addition to the base case scenario: the discharge decrement scenario and new irrigation technology scenario. Analysis showed that a prioritization of demands will be necessary in the area in the near future for the purpose of sustainability of water resources, due to climate change impacts.

关键词： Climate change Competing demands Sustainable development Hydropower project WEAP

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Algorithm of Micro-Grooving and Imaging Processing for the Generation of High-Resolution Structural Color Images

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2020年第3期3卷 187-198页

作者： Tianfeng Zhou Yupeng He Tianxing Wang Xiaobin Dong Peng Liu Wenxiang Zhao Yao Hu Jiwang Yan Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science for advanced Machining.Beijing Institute of technology Beijing 100081China Beijing Key Laboratory for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyKeio UniversityYokohama 223-8522Japan

The use of submicron structures for structural coloration of surfaces has broad applications for color filters,projection displays,virtual reality,and ***,structural color images lack high resolution due to low manufacturing *** this study,the axial-feed fly cutting(AFC)method is proposed to fabricate submicron grooves for the diffraction of visible light to create structural color *** establish the relationship between the color information in the pixels of the original image and the parameters of the array units corresponding to the *** algorithm to determine groove spacing and the tool path is established,and array units with the desired groove spacing are machined to reproduce the structural color *** submicron grooves fabricated by AFC have high quality and good *** to the excellent diffraction performance of the machined grooves,images with high saturation and resolution can be *** is verified that images with various colors can be efficiently fabricated using the proposed method and algorithm.

关键词： Subniicron structure Microgroove Structural coloration Structural-color image Fly cutting Micromachining

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Adherent coating on gradient cemented carbide with ultrafine Ti(C_(0.5),N_(0.5))

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Rare Metals 2015年第6期34卷 413-420页

作者： Tian-En Yang Lan Sun Ji Xiong Zhi-Xing Guo Lei Wang Ding Cao School of manufacturing Science and Engineering Sichuan University Institute of System Engineering Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics

Gradient cemented carbide is usually employed as the snbstrate for coated carbide insert. In this work, gradient cemented carbide with ultrafine Ti（C0.5,N0.5） was prepared and its microstructure and properties were researched. Moreover, this novel substrate was coated to investigate cutting performance. It is found that the average WC grain size in the gradient zone is larger than that in the bulk. Owing to ultrafine Ti（C0.5,N0.5） introduction, gradient cemented carbide prepared by vacuum sintering exhibits full densification. By contrast, the gradient cemented carbide with ultrafine Ti（C0.5,N0.5） shows higher transverse rupture strength （TRS） and hardness than the homogenous one. Gradient cemented carbide suffers small TRS reduction after coating, and the bonding between coatings and gradient substrate is tidy and compact. The coated gradient cemented carbide shows much better endurance and impact resistance than the coated homogenous one. It confirms the superiority of gradient cemented carbide when used as the substrate for coating inserts.

关键词： Gradient cemented carbide UltrafineTi(C0.5,N0.5) Vacuum sintering Transverse rupturestrength Cutting performance

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Reduced Sputtering Yields Induced by Fast Neutrons

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Chinese Physics Letters 1999年第11期16卷 844-846页

作者： YE Bang-jiao FAN Yang-mei Yoshimi KASUGAI Yujiro IKEDA ZHOU Xian-yi HAN Rong-dian Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026 Center of Neutron Science Japan Atomic Energy Research InstituteTokai-muraNaka-gunIbaraki-ken 319-1 IJapan International centre for Materials Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110015

The reduced sputtering yield (y_(n)^(R)) of materials induced by fast neutron is presented. Based on the experimental (y_(n)^(R)) results for (n, 2n), (n, p), (n, α) and (n, np) reactions, the value of (y_(n)^(R)) for (n, non-elastic) reaction is deduced by using data of cross sections in JENDL-3.2 and ENDF/B-VI. The value of (y_(n)^(R)) for (n, n) reaction is predicted by relation between (y_(n)^(R)) and the mean projected ranges of recoil nuclides. Combining both (y_(n)^(R)) for (n, n) and (n, non-elastic) reactions, the total (y_(n)^(R)) is obtained. Systematics of (y_(n)^(R)) for (n, non-elastic), (n, n) and (n, total) reactions have been demonstrated.

关键词： value deduced projected

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sp^(2)碳用于3D打印技术综述:材料、性能和应用

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新型炭材料（中英文） 2022年第6期37卷 1046-1065页

作者： Satendra Kumar Manoj Goswami Netrapal Singh Sathish Natarajan Surender Kumar Academy of Scientific and Innovative research(AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002India CSIR-advanced Materials and Processes research Institute(AMPRI) Bhopal 462026India

3D打印可以改变现有的生产方法,是第四次工程革命中的一项现代技术。它从成型原理上提出了分层制造、逐层叠加成型的新颖生产方法,从根本上简化了制造工艺,实现了大规模定制生产。然而,这一新技术仍存在许多问题。除了纯石墨烯外,sp^(2... 详细信息

3D打印可以改变现有的生产方法,是第四次工程革命中的一项现代技术。它从成型原理上提出了分层制造、逐层叠加成型的新颖生产方法,从根本上简化了制造工艺,实现了大规模定制生产。然而,这一新技术仍存在许多问题。除了纯石墨烯外,sp^(2)碳具有好的亲水性,3D打印难度较小。sp^(2)碳还可在3D打印中的各种阶段应用。纯石墨烯的疏水性使其难以在水系介质中打印和加工。毛细管油墨的发展使得纯石墨烯的3D打印成为可能。本文综述了sp^(2)碳的3D打印技术的最新进展。首先简要概述了3D打印技术,随后概述了sp^(2)碳的3D打印及其在各种方面的应用。最后,讨论了这一新领域的发展前景和机遇。

关键词： 3D打印技术 sp^(2)碳碳基复合材料应用

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Multi-Layer Microbubbles by Microfluidics

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Engineering（科研） 2013年第10期5卷 146-148页

作者： Hongbo Zhang Haosu Meng Qian Sun Jianpu Liu W. J. Zhang Complex and Intelligent research centre East China of Science and Technology Shanghai China

Multi-layer microbubble has great potential in enabling the corporation of medical imaging with tumor therapy such as drug and gene delivery of therapeutics or other functional materials in medical applications. Microfluidic technique has advanced over the last decade and showed great promise in replacing traditional microbubble generating method. In this paper, a multi-layer microbubble structure was produced with the aspect as potentially used for drug loaded microbubble contrast agents.

关键词： Microfluidic Multi-Layer Microbubbles Medical Imaging

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Is the German Energy System Sustainable？ An Analysis Based on the UNCSD Theme-Based Approach of Sustainability

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第5期5卷 610-616页

作者： H. Schlor W. Fischer J.-Fr research centre Julich Institute of Energy and Climate Research Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation J~lich 52425Germany

Sustainable development is a crucial element for the future of the world and a keystone of the international agenda. The Index of Sustainable Development （ISD） calculates the degree to which sustainable development has been achieved. ISD starts by （1） measuring the individual indicators of a sustainability strategy; （2） then measures the subordinate themes or pillars, which contain these indicators; （3） and finally measures the total system, consisting of the sum of the themes. The ISD provides quantified information for each of these levels for the public and political decision makers. The ISD is used to analyze as an example the sustainability of the German Energy sector, based on the targets the German Government set in its 2002 sustainability strategy.

关键词： Sustainable development energy sustainable indicators Germany.

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Self-cleaning property of AZ31 Mg alloy during plasma electrolytic oxidation process

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2019年第1期29卷 94-102页

作者： Jiaping Han Carsten Blawert Junjie Yang Xiaopeng Lu Jin Hu Mikhail L.Zheludkevich National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Magnesium Innovation centre-MagIC Institute of Materials Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Corrosion and Protection Division Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Northeastern University

The rolling of metal sheet often leads to strong contamination of the resulting surface. The present work reports the effects of the surface contamination remaining after rolling of AZ31 Mg alloy on plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) treatment of the resulting sheet material. Results indicate that most of the contaminants on the surface of as-rolled AZ31 Mg alloy are removed in the early stages of PEO process. The contaminations slightly influence the phase composition of PEO coating. Non-uniform distribution of contaminations results in aggregation of pores on the surface of PEO samples. On the bare substrate the contaminations are responsible for poor wear and corrosion resistance but final PEO coatings reveals similar performance on contaminated substrate compared to the abraded one. A self-cleaning property of the PEO and possibility of one step process,avoiding pre-cleaning stages, is suggested.

关键词： Intermetallics Mechanochemical processing Corrosion Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Scanning electron microscopy

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In situ mechanical characterization of silver nanowire/graphene hybrids films for flexible electronics

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2020年第3期11卷 265-276页

作者： Ke Cao Haokun Yang Libo Gao Ying Han Jingyao Feng Hongwei Yang Haiyan Zhang Weidong Wang Yang Lu Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering Xidian UniversityXi’anChina CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-manufacturing City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering CAPT/HEDPS/LTCSKey Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of EducationCollege of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of advanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metals Kunming Institute of Precious MetalsKunmingChina Science and technology on Vacuum technology and Physics Laboratory Lanzhou Institute of PhysicsLanzhouChina

Flexible transparent conductive films are indispensable for nowadays wearable electronic devices with various ***,existing solutions such as ITO and metal mesh were limited by their poor intrinsic stretching *** this work,we designed and fabricated silver nanowires(AgNWs)on graphene hybrid films for enhanced mechanical and electrical *** situ TEM characterizations show that,beside conductive paths,silver nanowire network,can also contribute to the toughening mechanisms of the hybrid ***,bending and electrical tests were applied to examine the corresponding flexible electronics’***,we showed that the fabrication of our AgNW/graphene hybrid films could be scaled up for large film applications and extended to other 1D/2D hybrid systems.

关键词： Silver nanowires graphene nanomechanics in situ TEM flexible electronics

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Effect of dimethyl carbonate on the behavior of water confined in carbon nanotube

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第3期34卷 177-185页

作者： Qingwei Gao Yumeng Zhang Aatto Laaksonen Yudan Zhu Xiaoyan Ji Shuangliang Zhao Yaojia Chen Xiaohua Lu College of Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China Energy Engineering Division of Energy ScienceLuleåUniversity of Technology97187 LuleåSweden State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Arrhenius LaboratoryStockholm UniversitySE-10691 StockholmSweden centre of advanced research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular ChemistryAleea Grigore Ghica-Voda41A700487 IasiRomania Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China

The dehydration of water by dimethyl carbonate(DMC)is of great significance for its application in electrochemistry and oil *** the rapid development of nanomaterial,one-dimensional(*** nanotube(CNT))and two-dimensional(*** graphene)materials have been widely used for molecular *** this work,the molecular behavior of dimethyl carbonate/water mixture confined in CNT with varying diameters was studied based on molecular dynamics *** to different van der Waals interactions for the components in the mixtures with the solid surface,DMC molecules are preferentially adsorbed on the inner surface of the pore wall and formed an adsorption *** with the pure water molecules confined in CNT,the adsorption DMC layer shows notable effect on the local compositions and microstructures of water molecules under nanoconfinement,which may result in different water *** analysis shows that the surface-induced DMC molecules can destroy the hydrogen bonding network of water molecules and result in an uniform and dispersed distribution of water molecules in the *** clear molecular understandings can be useful in material design for membrane separation.

关键词： Dimethyl carbonate Carbon nanotube Solid/fluid interface Adsorbed layer Molecular simulation

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