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燃料化学学报 2021年第10期49卷 1421-1434页

作者： ABOUL-ENEIN Ateyya A AWADALLAH Ahmed E EL-DESOUKI Doaa S ABOUL-GHEIT Noha AK process development Division Egyptian Petroleum Research InstituteCairo 11727Egypt EPRI-Nanotechnology Center Egyptian Petroleum Research InstituteCairo 11727Egypt

通过催化热解农业废弃物甘蔗渣(SCB),采用两步工艺生产具有显著应用价值的碳纳米管(CNTs)。主要研究沸石催化剂(HZSM-5、HMOR和HY)、热解温度(450−700℃)和SCB/ZSM-5的比例(3−12)对SCB催化热解的影响,确定最佳工艺参数。随后,将第一步... 详细信息

通过催化热解农业废弃物甘蔗渣(SCB),采用两步工艺生产具有显著应用价值的碳纳米管(CNTs)。主要研究沸石催化剂(HZSM-5、HMOR和HY)、热解温度(450−700℃)和SCB/ZSM-5的比例(3−12)对SCB催化热解的影响,确定最佳工艺参数。随后,将第一步产生富含碳的热解产物用于第二步由Co-Mo/MgO催化生长CNTs。通过简单的两步工艺催化热解SCB生产CNTs。SCB的催化热解在半间歇式反应器(外径=4 cm,长度=90 cm)中进行,CNTs的生长在水平反应器(外径=2.5 cm,长度=100 cm)中进行。两个反应器通过玻璃管(直径0.6 cm,长度12 cm)连接并将热解产物从反应器I转移到反应器II。在半间歇式反应器中放入经过预处理的SCB和沸石催化剂,并以20℃/min加热到反应所需温度。随后,将0.5 g Co-Mo/MgO加入到水平反应器中作为CNTs的生长催化剂。在一个典型的实验中,将2 g沸石催化剂、24 g SCB放入半间歇式反应器,研究了不同种类沸石催化剂在500℃温度条件下对SCB热解的影响。接着,使用HZSM-5研究了不同温度(450−700℃)对SCB热解的影响。最后,研究了不同SCB/ZSM-5投料比例(SCB/ZSM-5=3、6、9、12)对SCB热解的影响。此外,水平反应器中的CNTs生长温度恒定为700℃。通过XRD、TPR和TPD进行催化剂表征。XRD谱图证实了催化剂存在MgO和Co_(3)O_(4),以及以小尺寸颗粒形式存在的CoMoO4和MgMoO4。使用XRD数据根据Scherrer方程计算45%Co-5%Mo/MgO催化剂的平均晶粒尺寸为25.8 nm。TPR分析表明,Co-Mo/MgO催化剂是由未反应的Co_(3)O_(4)以及混合氧化物组成。使用XRD数据,计算得到HZSM-5、HMOR和HY的平均晶粒尺寸分别为43、41和51 nm。NH3-TPD分析表明沸石催化剂存在大量的酸性位点。催化热解SCB结果表明,由HY和HZSM-5催化剂在500℃得到的挥发性产品(生物油和气体)的总收率值分别为34.4%和32.8%,而使用HMOR产生的这些挥发性产品的收率值最低(28.8%)。用HZSM-5催化热解SCB获得了最高的炭产量(23.1%)。然而,使用HMOR和HY热解催化剂产生的炭产量值较低,分别为15.8%和9.8%。使用TEM表征通过两步法生产的碳纳米管,并且测量了CNTs的外径。数据显示,用HZSM-5进行SCB热解产生了直径分布范围较宽的CNTs(10−56 nm),而用HMOR和HY热解催化剂则分别获得了直径较窄的CNTs(13−44 nm,12−28 nm)。拉曼光谱分析表明,使用HZSM-5作为SCB热解的催化剂可以生产最优的CNTs。研究了不同热解温度对CNTs产量的影响。结果显示,将热解温度从450℃提高到500℃,炭产率值从6.7%达到最佳值23.1%,接着增加温度至700℃,炭产量下降至16.7%。随后对不同温度下催化热解形成的炭产品进行TEM表征,结果显示,随着温度的升高炭产品中CNTs的比例下降,CNTs的直径范围变窄。拉曼光谱分析结果表明,在500和700℃形成的CNMs具有最少的缺陷。研究了投料比例对炭产品产量的影响,结果表明,SCB/ZSM-5的比例从3提高到12,生物油和气体的总产量从36.4%下降到32.8%,而生物炭的产量分别从63.6%增加到67.2%。根据催化剂的质量计算得到炭产量的最佳值是使用SCB/ZSM-5比例为6。使用TEM表征不同投料比例生产的炭产品,分析表征结果可得SCB/ZSM-5的比例为6,是形成具有良好质量的致密CNTs的最佳选择。并且不同投料比例的拉曼光谱显示,SCB/ZSM-5比例为6可以生产最优的CNTs。沸石类型(HZSM-5、HMOR和HY)、热解温度(450−700℃)和SCB/ZSM-5比例(3−12)影响CNTs和热解产物(气体、生物油和生物炭)的产量。实验结果表明,获得最高CNTs产量的条件为:热解温度为500℃、SCB/ZSM-5比例为6;获得最高生物油和气体总产量(40%)的条件为:热解温度为700℃、SCB/ZSM-5比例为12。TEM分析表明,使用HZSM-5催化剂在热解温度450℃只生成竹节状碳纳米管(BCNTs),而CNTs和碳纳米洋葱(CNO)是在较高温度热解温度(500−700℃)下产生的。使用SCB/ZSM-5的比例为6时,生成CNTs的直径分布范围最大(7−76 nm)。拉曼光谱分析表明,使用SCB/ZSM-5的比例为6时,形成的CNTs最优。该研究显示,在半间歇式反应器中催化热解SCB是生产CNTs的有效技术,通过对工艺和反应器的优化可以达到更好的效果。

关键词：碳纳米管 Co-Mo/MgO 热解甘蔗渣 ZSM-5沸石

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Effect of extracellular polymeric substances on the phosphorus adsorption characteristics of sediment particles

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2021年第5期36卷 628-636页

作者： Huiming Zhao Yuefeng Zhang Liqun Tang Zhenghui Cui Bing Liu Wei Cheng Chuansheng Guo Dabin Liu Xiaowei Gao Haochuan Feng State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of River Basin Water cycle China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research development Research Center of the Ministry of Water Resources of PR China The State Key Laboratory of Hydro Science and Engineering Department of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing Institute of Water

Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) have a great impact on the characteristics of sediment particles and their environmental effects in hydro-environmental systems, yet little effort has been made to study the considerable variability in the element adsorption process of sediment particles caused by *** the variability of the adsorption characteristics of sediment particles associated with EPS and quantifying the scale of the adsorption isotherm parameters are important for understanding how EPS mediate sediment properties and environmental factors. In this paper, isothermal equilibrium adsorption experiments are done on phosphorus to study the influence of EPS on the adsorption characteristics of sediment particles, and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm is applied to analyze the adsorption rule of sediment particles under the impact of EPS. The current research demonstrates that significant differences will take place in the adsorption characteristics of sediments coated with EPS at different development phases and the phosphorus adsorption capacity of sediment particles increases with the growth of EPS. The difference in the adsorption percentage between sediment particles coated with EPS of 0 and 6 weeks growth time is about 42%e60% for different initial aqueous phosphorus concentration. A formula describing the adsorption isotherm parameter of the maximum material(element) adsorption capacity of sediment particles change over time is further proposed based on the experimental data. The current study provides some evidence for the interaction of sediment particles,EPS, and adsorbed elements in the water environment.

关键词： Sediment particles Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) Phosphorus Langmuir adsorption isotherm

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An approach for IC engine coolant energy recovery based on low-temperature organic Rankine cycle

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第2期22卷 727-734页

作者：付建勤刘敬平徐政欣邓帮林刘琦 Research Center for advanced Powertrain Technology Hunan University

To promote the fuel utilization efficiency of IC engine, an approach was proposed for IC engine coolant energy recovery based on low-temperature organic Rankine cycle(ORC). The ORC system uses IC engine coolant as heat source, and it is coupled to the IC engine cooling system. After various kinds of organic working media were compared, R124 was selected as the ORC working medium. According to IC engine operating conditions and coolant energy characteristics, the major parameters of ORC system were preliminary designed. Then, the effects of various parameters on cycle performance and recovery potential of coolant energy were analyzed via cycle process calculation. The results indicate that cycle efficiency is mainly influenced by the working pressure of ORC, while the maximum working pressure is limited by IC engine coolant temperature. At the same working pressure, cycle efficiency is hardly affected by both the mass flow rate and temperature of working medium. When the bottom cycle working pressure arrives at the maximum allowable value of 1.6 MPa, the fuel utilization efficiency of IC engine could be improved by 12.1%.All these demonstrate that this low-temperature ORC is a useful energy-saving technology for IC engine.

关键词： IC engine waste heat recovery organic Rankine cycle cycle efficiency coolant energy

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Materials and sustainable development

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2010年第1期20卷 16-29页

作者： Paul KOLTUN CSIRO Process Science and EngineeringGate 5Normanby Rd.ClaytonVictoria3168Australia

Sustainable development is a concept,which involves social,ecological and economic objectives,and requires to sustain the integrity of resources exploitation,the direction of investments,the orientation of technological development and institutional *** there is still much confusion and conflict about exact meaning of sustainable development,many agree that sustainable development is about satisfying social,environmental,and economic *** the concept is generally accepted and relatively easy to comprehend,the difficulty arises in trying to apply the principles of sustainable development in *** of the difficulties is need to measure the"level of sustainability".The desirable characteristics for sustainability indicators have to include: simple to calculate,useful for decision making,and robust in indicating progress toward *** exergy analysis approach based on full life cycle assessment(LCA)of the materials and technologies is a useful metrics to evaluate mitigation of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions associated with industrial eco materials and *** metrics is used for reducing dimensionality on the input side by combining material and energy streams and output side reducing different characterisation factors to a single"unsustainability"indicator in a theoretically rigorous *** adopted approach has been illustrated on a few examples associated with Australian aluminium industry.

关键词： sustainability measurement exergy analysis life cycle assessment(LCA) eco-efficiency

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Coupling and coordinated evolution characteristics of regional economy-energy-carbon emission multiple systems:A case study of main China's Basin

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 204-218页

作者： Lu Chen Xin Li Jingyi Zhao Xinyu Kang Lu Liu Minxi Wang Wu Chen College of Management Science Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610051China SDU Life cycle Engineering Department of Green TechnologyUniversity of Southern Denmark5230 OdenseDenmark

Comprehensive analysis of the Economy-Energy-Carbon Emission(EECE)system is beneficial for promoting sustainable social *** study analyzes the system development of major watersheds in China from 2010 to *** research fully considers the system’s internal and external inputs and outputs and proposes an evaluation index system for regional EECE coupling and coordinated ***,using the difference in system weight allocation to improve the coupling and coordination model,the study explores the dynamic system’s coupling and *** results show that(1)The development of the system structure is relatively stable,but the overall development status is not ideal;(2)The downstream of China’s main river basins has obvious economic advantages,while the energy system fluctuates *** efficiency of the carbon emission system will decrease in areas with rapid economic *** coupling and coordination level of the EECE system is better in the Yangtze River Basin than in the Yellow River Basin;(3)From the perspective of dynamic coordinated development,the main river basins have been divided into two states since 2012,but it is relatively stable *** dynamic coordination is often at a disadvantage in regions with rapid economic and energy development;(4)The coupling coordination degree of the two river basins has significant positive spatial *** provinces’significant spatial clustering characteristics of the coupling coordination degree are High-High ***-Low type provinces are mainly concentrated *** research process has certain reference significance for the collaborative governance of complex regional systems.

关键词： System structure Efficiency measure Coupling mechanism Dynamic coordination

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New technology for recycling materials from oily cold rolling mill sludge

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2013年第12期20卷 1141-1147页

作者： Bo Liu Shen-gen Zhang Jian-jun Tian De-an Pan Ling Meng Yang Liu Institute for advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing

Oily cold rolling mill （CRM） sludge is one of metallurgical industry solid wastes. The recycle of these wastes can not only protect the environment but also permit their reutilization. In this research, a new process of ＂hydrometallurgical treatment ＋ hydrothermal synthesis＂ was investigated for the combined recovery of iron and organic materials from oily CRM sludge. Hydrometallurgical treatment, mainly including acid leaching, centrifugal separation, neutralization reaction, oxidizing, and preparation of hydrothermal reaction precursor, was first utilized for processing the sludge. Then, micaceous iron oxide （MIO） pigment powders were prepared through hydrothermal reaction of the obtained precursor in alkaline media. The separated organic materials can be used for fuel or chemical feedstock. The quality of the prepared MIO pigments is in accordance with the standards of MIO pigments for paints （ISO 10601-2007）. This clean, effective, and economical technology offers a new way to recycle oily CRM sludge.

关键词： cold rolling mills sludge disposal hydrometallurgy hydrothermal synthesis recycling, waste utilization

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Porous polymer electrolytes for long-cycle stable quasi-solid-state magnesium batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第8期30卷 608-614,I0013页

作者： Tiantian Wang Xudong Zhao Fanfan Liu Li-Zhen Fan Beijing advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and TechnologiesUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing100083 BeijingChina

The development of applicable electrolytes is the key point for high-performance rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs).The use of liquid electrolyte is prone to safety problems caused by liquid electrolyte ***-based gel electrolytes with high ionic conductivity,great flexibility,easy processing,and high safety have been studied by many scholars in recent *** this work,a novel porous poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP)membrane is prepared by a phase inversion *** immersing porous PVDF-HFP membranes in MgCl2-AlCl3/TEGDME(Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether)electrolytes,porous PVDF-HFP based electrolytes(PPEs)are *** PPE exhibits a high ionic conductivity(4.72×10^(-4) S cm-1,25℃),a high liquid electrolyte uptake of 162%,as well as a wide voltage window(3.1 V).The galvanostatic cycling test of Mg//Mg symmetric cell with PPE reveals that the reversible magnesium ion(Mg^(2+))plating/stripping occurs at low overpotentials(~0.13 V).Excellent long cycle stability(65.5 mAh g^(-1) over 1700 cycles)is achieved for the quasisolid-state RMB assembled with MoS2/C cathode and Mg *** with the liquid electrolyte,the PPE could effectively reduce the side reactions and make Mg^(2+)plating/stripping more uniformly on the Mg electrode *** strategy herein provides a new route to fabricate high-performance RMB through suitable cathode material and polymer electrolyte with excellent performance.

关键词： Porous polymer electrolyte Reversible plating/stripping process MoS_(2)/C cathode Quasi-solid-state magnesium batteries

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Preparation and Li^+ storage properties of hierarchical hollow porous carbon spheres

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Particuology 2014年第3期12卷 44-50页

作者： Xiaofeng Wu Wenxiang Tang Kejia Jiao Yunfa Chen State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Hollow ordered porous carbon spheres （HOPCS） with a hierarchical structure were prepared by templating with hollow ordered mesoporous silica spheres （HOMSS）. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） showed that HOPCS exhibited a spherical hollow morphology. High-resolution TEM, small angle X-ray diffraction （SAXRD） and N2 sorption measurements confirmed that HOPCS inversely replicated the unconnected hexagonal-stacked pore structure of HOMSS, and possessed ordered porosity. HOPCS exhibited a higher storage capacity for Li^＋ ion battery （LIB） of 527.6 mA h/g, and good cycling performance. A large capacity loss during the first discharge-charge cycle was found attributed to the high content of micropores. The cycling performance was derived from the hierarchical structure.

关键词： Hierarchical structure MCM-41 silica Nanostructured carbon Lithium storage

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Effect of catalyst layer mesoscopic pore-morphology on cold start process of PEM fuel cells

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Frontiers in Energy 2021年第2期15卷 460-472页

作者： Ahmed Mohmed DAFALLA Fangming JIANG Laboratory of advanced Energy Systems Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and DevelopmentCAS Key Laboratory of Renewable EnergyGuangzhou Institute of Energy ConversionChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Guangzhou 510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Water transport is of paramount importance to the cold start of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Analysis of water transport in cathode catalyst layer(CCL)during cold start reveals the distinct characteristics from the normal temperature *** work studies the effect of CCL mesoscopic pore-morphology on PEMFC cold *** CCL mesoscale morphology is characterized by two tortuosity factors of the ionomer network and pore structure,*** simulation results demonstrate that the mesoscale morphology of CCL has a significant influence on the performance of PEMFC cold *** was found that cold-starting of a cell with a CCL of less tortuous mesoscale morphology can succeed,whereas starting up a cell with a CCL of more tortuous mesoscale morphology may *** CCL of less tortuous pore structure reduces the water back diffusion resistance from the CCL to proton exchange membrane(PEM),thus enhancing the water storage in PEM,while reducing the tortuosity in ionomer network of CCL is found to enhance the water transport in and the water removal from *** the sake of better cold start performance,novel preparation methods,which can create catalyst layers of larger size primary pores and less tortuous pore structure and ionomer network,are desirable.

关键词： cold start energy conversion fuel cells mesoscale morphology tortuosity water management

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Pb induced dislocation defects of PtCo systems: Strain-triggered oxygen reduction reaction for PEMFC

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2462-2472页

作者： Chun Jin Qiheng Wang Jingjun Liu Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical process and Technology for Materials Beijing 100029China Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029China

Design and development of advanced electrocatalysts with high performance and low Pt consumption are crucial for reducing the kinetic energy barrier of the cathode oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and improving the efficiency of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC).In this study,we demonstrate a Pb-modulated PtCo system for efficient ORR,in which the inclusion of Pb in ternary alloys induces dislocation defects due to the significant difference in atomic ***-PtCoPb was confirmed to exhibit significantly higher ORR activity and stability in acidic *** practical PEMFC applications,it outperforms the corresponding commercial Pt/C with a mass activity of 0.58 A·mgPt^(-1),making it a promising alternative to state-of-the-art Pt-based *** combination of experimental results and density functional theory(DFT)calculations offers valuable atomic-level insights into the dislocation *** with a larger atomic radius is located in the lattice stretching region below the dislocation slip plane,forming a structure similar to a Cottrell atmosphere,which reduces the dislocation energy and puts the system in a lower energy *** Cottrell atmosphere pins the dislocation structure and stabilizes the ternary *** adjusting the amount of added Pb,a moderate level of dislocation density induces a tuned strain effect,thereby enhancing the electrocatalytic mechanism by optimizing the electronic structure of the alloy surface and the adsorption and desorption of oxygen *** work provides valuable insights into the design and development of lattice dislocation defect structures to trigger strain effects for improving ORR performance.

关键词： dislocation defect strain effect Pb-modulated oxygen reduction reaction

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