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Dynamic control of district heating networks with integrated emission modelling:A dynamic knowledge graph approach

Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 29-47页

作者： Markus Hofmeister Kok Foong Lee Yi-Kai Tsai Magnus Müller Karthik Nagarajan Sebastian Mosbach Jethro Akroyd Markus Kraft Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgePhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridgeCB30ASUnited Kingdom cambridge Centre for advanced Research and Education in Singapore CARES Ltd.1 Create WayCREATE Tower#05-05138602Singapore CMCL Innovations Sheraton HouseCambridgeCB30AXUnited Kingdom The Alan Turing Institute 96 Euston RoadLondonNW12DBUnited Kingdom

This paper presents a knowledge graph-based approach for the dynamic control of a district heating network with integrated emission dispersion modelling. We propose an interoperable and extensible implementation to forecast the anticipated heat demand of a municipal heating network, minimise associated total generation cost based on a previously devised methodology, and couple it with dispersion simulations for induced airborne pollutants to provide automatic insights into air quality implications of various heat sourcing strategies. We create cross-domain interoperability in the nexus of energy and air quality via newly developed ontologies and semantic software agents, which can be chained together via The World Avatar dynamic knowledge graph to resemble the behaviour of complex systems. Furthermore, we integrate the City Energy Analyst into this ecosystem to provide building-level insights into energy demand and renewable generation potential to foster strategic analyses and scenario planning. Underlying calculations use building and weather data from the knowledge graph in place of inherent assumptions in the official software release, facilitating a more data-driven approach. All use cases are implemented for a mid-size town in Germany as a proof-of-concept, and a unified visualisation interface is provided, allowing for the examination of 3D buildings alongside their corresponding energy demand and supply time series, as well as emission dispersion data. With this work, we outline the potential of Semantic Web technologies to connect digital twins for holistic energy modelling in smart cities, thereby addressing the increasing complexity of interconnected energy systems.

关键词： Knowledge graph Digital twin Inter operability Energy modelling Emi ssion dispersi on

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End-to-end data-driven modeling framework for automated and trustworthy short-term building energy load forecasting

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Building Simulation 2024年第8期17卷 1419-1437页

作者： Chaobo Zhang Jie Lu Jiahua Huang Yang Zhao Department of the Built Environment Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands Energy Efficient Cities Initiative Department of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Institute of Green Building and Engineering Design Zhejiang Province Institute of Architectural Design and Research Co.Ltd.HangzhouChina Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Carbon Neutrality of Zhejiang Province Jiaxing Research InstituteZhejiang UniversityJiaxingChina

Conventional automated machine learning(AutoML)technologies fall short in preprocessing low-quality raw data and adapting to varying indoor and outdoor environments,leading to accuracy reduction in forecasting short-term building energy ***,their predictions are not transparent because of their black box ***,the building field currently lacks an AutoML framework capable of data quality enhancement,environment self-adaptation,and model *** address this research gap,an improved AutoML-based end-to-end data-driven modeling framework is *** optimization is applied by this framework to find an optimal data preprocessing process for quality improvement of raw *** bridges the gap where conventional AutoML technologies cannot automatically handle missing data and outliers.A sliding window-based model retraining strategy is utilized to achieve environment self-adaptation,contributing to the accuracy enhancement of AutoML ***,a local interpretable model-agnostic explanations-based approach is developed to interpret predictions made by the improved *** overcomes the poor interpretability of conventional AutoML *** performance of the improved framework in forecasting one-hour ahead cooling loads is evaluated using two-year operational data from a real *** is discovered that the accuracy of the improved framework increases by 4.24%–8.79%compared with four conventional frameworks for buildings with not only high-quality but also low-quality operational ***,it is demonstrated that the developed model interpretation approach can effectively explain the predictions of the improved *** improved framework offers a novel perspective on creating accurate and reliable AutoML frameworks tailored to building energy load prediction tasks and other similar tasks.

关键词： building energy load forecasting end-to-end data-driven modeling automated machine learning Bayesian optimization model retraining model interpretation

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Consensus-based Optimal Control Strategy for Multi-microgrid Systems with Battery Degradation Consideration

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第5期10卷 1911-1924页

作者： Tonghe Wang Hong Liang Bo He Haochen Hua Yuchao Qin Junwei Cao Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Meihua Holdings Group Co. Ltd.Langfang 065001China. Department of Astronautical Science and Technology Space Engineering UniversityBeijing 101416China College of Energy and Electrical Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing211100China Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of CambridgeCambridgeCB30WAUK. Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Consensus has been widely used in distributed control,where distributed individuals need to share their states with their neighbors through communication links to achieve a common ***,the objectives of existing consensus-based control strategies for energy systems seldom address battery degradation cost,which is an important performance indicator to assess the performance and sustainability of battery energy storage(BES)*** this paper,we propose a consensusbased optimal control strategy for multi-microgrid systems,aiming at multiple control objectives including minimizing battery degradation *** consensus is used to synchronize the ratio of BES output power to BES state-of-charge(SoC)among all microgrids while each microgrid is trying to reach its individual *** order to reduce the pressure of communication links and prevent excessive exposure of local information,this ratio is the only state variable shared between *** our complex nonlinear problem might be difficult to solve by traditional methods,we design a compressive sensing-based gradient descent(CSGD)method to solve the control *** simulation results show that our control strategy results in a 74.24%reduction in battery degradation cost on average compared to the control method without considering battery *** addition,the compressive sensing method causes an 89.12%reduction in computation time cost compared to the traditional Monte Carlo(MC)method in solving the control problem.

关键词： Battery degradation compressive sensing consensus distributed control multi-microgrid

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From Slater to Mott physics by epitaxially engineering electronic correlations in oxide interfaces

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 846-851页

作者： Carla Lupo Evan Sheridan Edoardo Fertitta David Dubbink Chris J.Pickard Cedric Weber Theory and Simulation of Condensed Matter King’s College LondonLondonUK Happy Electron ltd LondonUK Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of CambridgeCambridgeUK advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendaiJapan

Using spin-assisted ab initio random structure searches,we explore an exhaustive quantum phase diagram of archetypal interfaced Mott insulators,***-iron and lanthanum-titanium *** particular,we report that the charge transfer induced by the interfacial electronic reconstruction stabilises a high-spin ferrous Fe2+*** provide a pathway to control the strength of correlation in this electronic state by tuning the epitaxial strain,yielding a manifold of quantum electronic phases,***-Hubbard,charge transfer and Slater insulating ***,we report that the electronic correlations are closely related to the structural oxygen octahedral rotations,whose control is able to stabilise the low-spin state of Fe2+at low pressure previously observed only under the extreme high pressure conditions in the Earth’s lower ***,we provide avenues for magnetic switching via THz radiations which have crucial implications for next generation of spintronics technologies.

关键词： Slater lanthanum quantum

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Mapping urban building stocks for vulnerability assessment preliminary results

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2011年第S1期4卷 117-130页

作者： Keiko Saito Robin Spence Department of Architecture University of CambridgeCambridgeUK cambridge Architectural Research ltd CambridgeUK Willis Research Fellow Willis Research Network

This paper discusses a methodology to collect building inventory data by combining image processing techniques,field work or tools such as Google Street View and applying statistical *** the methodology outlined in Marinescu(2002),a family of Gabor filters are first constructed,which are then applied to an optical high-resolution *** output from the processed image is segmented using Self-Organising *** paper examines the relationship between the segmented areas in the image and the building type distribution within each segmented area,by deriving the distribution from field *** relationship between the average number of buildings in these cells against the number of grid cells allocated to each segmentation cluster is also ***,using these results,the overall building inventory distribution for the whole of the case study site of Pylos is presented.

关键词： building inventory data collection remote sensing high-resolution optical satellite images Gabor filters Self-Organising Maps field data

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Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Unit in Smart Grids Considering Multiple Constraints

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第2期11卷 479-488页

作者： Tengpeng Chen He Ren Yuhao Sun Markus Kraft Gehan A.J.Amaratunga Department of Instrumental and Electrical Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University ShenzhenChina CTC Intelligence(Shenzhen)Technology Co. Ltd.ShenzhenChina Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgeCambridgeUK cambridge Centre for advanced Research and Education in Singapore CREATE TowerSingapore School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Department of Engineering University of CambridgeUK

The distribution of measurement noise is usually assumed to be Gaussian in the optimal phasor measurement unit(PMU)placement(OPP)***,this is not always accurate in *** paper proposes a new OPP method for smart grids in which the effects of conventional measurements,limited channels of PMUs,zero-injection buses(ZIBs),single PMU loss contingency,state estimation error(SEE),and the maximum SEE variance(MSEEV)are *** SEE and MSEEV are both obtained using a robust t-distribution maximum likelihood estimator(MLE)because t-distribution is more flexible for modeling both Gaussian and non-Gaussian *** A-and G-optimal experimental criteria are utilized to form the SEE and MSEEV *** allows the optimization problem to be converted into a linear objective function subject to linear matrix inequality observability *** performance of the proposed OPP method is verified by the simulations of the IEEE 14-bus,30-bus,and 118-bus systems as well as the 211-bus practical distribution system in China.

关键词： Phasor measurement unit(PMU) smart grids optimal placement state estimation(SE).

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Highly selective and efficient electroreduction of CO_(2) in water by quaterpyridine derivative‐based molecular catalyst noncovalently tethered to carbon nanotubes

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SmartMat 2022年第1期3卷 151-162页

作者： Vikas Reddu Libo Sun Xiaogang Li Huile Jin Shun Wang Xin Wang School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore cambridge Centre for advanced Research and Education in Singapore ltd(cambridge CARES) CREATE TowerSingaporeSingapore College of Chemistry&Materials Engineering Wenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina

A disubstituted quaterpyridine based cobalt complex non‐covalently tethered to multiwalled carbon nanotube(MWCNT)substrate,forming a hybrid catalyst,Co‐qpyCOOH/CNT,catalyzed the conversion of CO_(2) to CO under aqueous *** an optimal and uniform loading,it exhibited remarkable catalytic activity,near‐exclusive selectivity,and high stability towards the formation of *** a mere cathodic potential of−0.65 V versus RHE(η=0.54 V),it achieved a high partial current density of−6.7 mA/cm^(2) and a ***=100%.In addition,with 20 h of stable operation,hydrogen evolution remained practically *** hybrid structure due to noncovalent immobilization on MWCNT imparted the intrinsic activity and much‐needed stability in performance whereas‒COOH groups may stabilize the intermediates by acting as H‐bond donors,promoting catalytic *** to a conductive solid substrate and tuning of the second sphere of coordination played an important role in its performance to achieve desired reduction product with high selectivity and activity.

关键词： carbon dioxide reduction cobalt complex disubstituted quaterpyridine heterogeneous molecular catalysis second coordination sphere

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The Potential of EB Surface Processing within the Aero-space Industry

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稀有金属材料与工程 2011年第S4期40卷 155-159页

作者： A L Buxton B G I Dance TWI ltd Granta ParkGreat AbingtonCambridgeUK

The ability to control the structure of a surface offers benefits in a wide range of aerospace applications.A novel EB (Electron Beam) materials processing technology developed at TWI,Surfi-Sculpt,addresses this need by using an electron beam to generate precisely defined textured ***-Sculpt offers improved mechanical keying with adjoining parts and consequently has generated interest as a preparation technique for surface coatings and for the joining of composite to *** has the potential to create customised aerodynamically and hydrodynamically enhanced surfaces and appears suitable for the manufacture of novel bearing and seal *** Surfi-Sculpt process has also showed promise in increasing the efficiency of heat exchange *** paper describes the background of the Surfi-Sculpt process and showcases a range of surfaces that have been produced with the *** results of a range of feasibility studies are presented to demonstrate the potential of the technology within the aerospace

关键词： surfi-sculpt aerospace comeld heat exchange

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THERMAL IMAGING STUDY OF SCALAR TRANSPORT IN SHALLOW WAKES

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2012年第1期24卷 17-24页

作者： CHONG K.J.Y UKTHUSYANTHAN N.I. LIANG Dong-fang TANG Hong-wu Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridge KW ltd FetchamSurreyUK College of Water Conservancy and I tydropowcr Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

The thermal imaging technique relies on the usage of infrared signal to detect the temperature *** temperature as a flow tracer,thermography is used to investigate the scalar transport in the shallow-water wake generated by an emergent circular *** imaging is demonstrated to be a good quantitative flow visualization technique for studying turbulent mixing phenomena in shallow waters.A key advantage of the thermal imaging method over other scalar measurement techniques,such as the Laser Induced Fluorescence（LIF）and Planar Concentration Analysis（PCA）methods,is that it involves a very simple experimental *** dispersion characteristics captured with this technique are found to be similar to past studies with traditional measurement techniques.

关键词： environmental hydraulics shallow wake turbulent mixing thermal imaging vortex street

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Al-20%Cu多晶粒竞争生长的原位观测及汇聚型枝晶淘汰模型构建

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年第7期34卷 2095-2107页

作者：李发国周莲谢玉张佼 Mike DODGE 尹付成孙宝德湘潭大学材料科学与工程学院湖南省材料设计与制备技术重点实验室湘潭411105 宝山钢铁有限公司中央研究院上海201900 上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院上海200240 TWI ltd Granta ParkGreat AbingtonCambridge CB216ALUK

采用同步辐射成像技术研究Al-20%Cu(质量分数)亚共晶合金的晶粒竞争生长动力学,并建立与实验结果相一致的数学模型。结果表明,对于发散型竞争生长,遵循“正常淘汰”规则。对于汇聚型竞争生长,成分过冷的作用加速非择优取向晶粒中一次枝... 详细信息

采用同步辐射成像技术研究Al-20%Cu(质量分数)亚共晶合金的晶粒竞争生长动力学,并建立与实验结果相一致的数学模型。结果表明,对于发散型竞争生长,遵循“正常淘汰”规则。对于汇聚型竞争生长,成分过冷的作用加速非择优取向晶粒中一次枝晶臂的生长速度,导致非择优取向枝晶出现“异常淘汰”现象,淘汰择优取向枝晶。探讨汇聚型竞争生长的“正常淘汰”与“异常淘汰”之间的临界条件,建立枝晶生长速率、枝晶臂间距和枝晶倾斜角之间的数学关系,又称“二次枝晶臂阻挡模型”,可以快速预测晶界位相和淘汰类型。

关键词：竞争生长同步辐射成像定向凝固数学模型 Al-Cu合金

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