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Chinese Geographical Science 2011年第5期21卷 629-636页

作者： HE Qingcheng WU Zhaolu ZHOU Wai DONG Rui Institute of Ecology and Geobotany Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China bureau of xishuangbanna national nature reserve Jinghong 666100 China

The problem of wild elephants, or human-elephant conflict (HEC), influences the daily life of local communities and hinders the conservation of wild *** perception and attitudes of local communities who inhabited the frontiers between human activities and wild elephant movement are important to the mitigation of the HEC and conservation of wild elephants. To analyze the perception and attitudes of local communities, the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was used in the investigation of 423 interviewees from 22 villages in xishuangbanna from July 2009 to February 2010. The results indicated that local communities had their views on the elephant-related problems. In field survey, we found that 66.5% of interviewees were willing to support, participate in, and assist in the conservation of wild elephants;33.5% of interviewees were opposed or indifferent to such conservation, because their livelihoods and even their lives were endangered by wild elephants. These views and attitudes were influenced by local communities′perception of HEC, education level, gender and self-interest. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the diverse views among local communities and balance profits and costs in addressing HEC.

关键词： human-elephant conflict (HEC) local community participatory rural appraisal (PRA) xishuangbanna

Only Sunda and Chinese pangolin(Pholidota)are naturally distributed in China

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第4期18卷 704-709页

作者： Peng CEN Jiankun SUN Qiaoyan WANG Fuhua ZHANG Lianxian MO Amna MAHMOOD Jiaqi LI Yifu WANG Shibao WU School of Life Science South China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina administration of xishuangbanna national nature reserve XishuangbannaChina administration of Gaoligongshan national nature reserve in Baoshan BaoshanChina Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science Ministry of Environmental ProtectionNanjingChina The University of Hong Kong HongkongChina IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group LondonUK

INTRODUCTION Pangolin is the common name for animals in the Family Pholidota,Mammalia,which consists of eight extant *** pangolin species have been listed as critically endangered(CR),endangered(EN),or vulnerable(VU)species in the International Union for Conservation of nature(IUCN)Red List of Threatened Species(Challender et al.2020).In June 2020,the Chinese government upgraded the Chinese pangolin(Manis pentadactyla Linnaeus,1758)from a national second-class protected animal to a national first-class protected *** February 2021,the Sunda pangolin(Manis javanica Desmarest,1822)and the Indian pangolin(Manis crassicaudata Geoffroy,1803)were added to the list of national first-class protected ***,the number of species of pangolins naturally distributed in China varies in the literature:Some sources have recorded only one species,namely the Chinese pangolin(Nowak&Paradiso 1983;Sheng 1999),while most have recorded two species,namely the Chinese pangolin and Indian pangolin(Allen 1938;Zhang 1997;Wang 2003;Wu et al.2005a;Hu&Hu 2017).

关键词： protected Indian listed

Corridor use by Asian elephants

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第2期4卷 220-231页

作者： Wenjing PAN Liu LIN Aidong LUO Li ZHANG Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina xishuangbanna national nature reserve bureau JinghongYunnanChina

There are 18 km of Kunming–Bangkok Highway passing through the Mengyang nature reserve of xishuangbanna national nature reserve in Yunnan Province,*** September 2005 to September 2006 the impact of this highway on movement of wild Asian elephants between the eastern and western part of the nature reserve was studied using track transecting,rural surveys and direct *** results showed that the number of cross-road corridors used by Asian elephants diminished from 28 to 23 following the construction of the *** some areas,the elephant activity diminished or even disappeared,which indicated a change in their home *** utilization rate of artificial corridors was 44%.We also found that elephants prefered artificial corridors that were placed along their original *** the research,wild elephants revealed their adaptation to the *** were found walking across the highway road surface many times and for different *** suggest that the highway management bureau should revise their management strategies to mitigate the potential risks caused by elephants on the road for the safety of the public and to protect this endangered species from *** is also very important to protect and maintain current Asian elephants corridors in this region.

关键词： Asian elephant conservation corridor highway xishuangbanna.

The importance of willow to the Chinese Grouse:evidence from analysis on their breeding territories at Lianhuashan,China

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Avian Research 2017年第4期8卷 210-217页

作者： Jin-Ming Zhao Yun Fang Yu-Hai Ma Yue-Hua Sun Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Anhui University administration bureau of Lianhuashan national nature reserve

Background: The habitat features of breeding territory have important adaptive significance for the survival and reproduction of territory *** Chinese Grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi) is a rare and endemic species with rela?tively small distribution range and decreasing population *** is important to elucidate breeding territory habitat requirements of the Chinese Grouse for habitat management and conservation ***: Using radio?telemetry and field observations,we determined the core areas of 65 breeding territories of *** to three samples were selected in each core breeding territory as used sites and compared with nearby sites with no grouse occurrence using logistic ***: Our model showed a high accuracy in prediction of core breeding territory used by males,which preferred stands with more small deciduous trees(0.5 m ≤ height < 5 m),more small willow trees(Salix spp.,0.5 m infl≤ height < 5 m),greater willow cover,and greater herb *** number of small willow trees had the great?estuence on males' core breeding territory *** shrubs were also chosen compared with unused sites Tall conifer trees was an important determinant in the distribution of Chinese Grouse at the landscape scale,and was relatively important in the univariate model,but not included in our final multivariable ***: Male Chinese Grouse established territories at sites with abundant food *** the landscape scale,the Chinese Grouse occurred in alpine conifer *** the territory scale,small willow trees had the most important effect on males' core breeding territory *** suggest that the forest gaps in dense conifer for?est are important for improving the occurrence of willows and facilitating breeding territory establishment for the Chinese Grouse.

关键词： Salix spp Chinese Grouse Territory Core area Conifer forest Logistic regression

Using Head Patch Pattern as a Reliable Biometric Character for Noninvasive Individual Recognition of an Endangered Pitviper Protobothrops mangshanensis

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Asian Herpetological Research 2013年第2期4卷 134-139页

作者： Daode YANG Sikan CHEN Yuanhui CHEN Yuying YAN Institute of Wildlife Conservation Central South University of Forestry and Technology Hunan Mangshan national nature reserve administration

Mangshan pitviper, Protobothrops mangshanensis （formerly Zhaoermia mangshanensis） is endemic to China. Unfortunately, due to the decreasing size of its wild populations, this snake has been listed as critically endangered. Re- search carried out on the Mangshan pitviper＇s population ecology and captive reproduction has revealed that the unique head patch patterns of different individuals may potentially be used as a noninvasive recognition biometric character. We collected head patch pattern images of 40 individuals of P. mangshanensis between 1994 and 2011. By comparing each pitviper＇s head patch pattern, we found that the head patch pattern of individual snakes was different and unique. Additionally, we observed and recorded the head patch pattern characters of four adults and five juveniles before and af- ter ecdysis. Our findings confirmed that head patch patterns of Mangshan pitvipers are unique and stable, remaining un- changed after ecdysis. Thus, individuals can be quickly identified by examining the head patch pattern within a specific recognition area on the head. This method may be useful for noninvasive individual recognition in many other species that display color patch pattern variations, especially in studies of endangered species where the use of invasive marking techniques is undesirable.

关键词： biometric identification endangered snake head patch pattern Mangshan pitviper noninvasive individualrecognition image analysis natural markings

Density effect and intraspecific competition in a leaf-mining moth on bamboo leaves

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第2期30卷 689-697页

作者： Xiaohua Dai Jiasheng Xu Qingyun Guo Shengchang Lai Peng Liu Juju Fan Peirong Tang Leafminer Group School of Life and Environmental Sciences Gannan Normal University national Navel Orange Engineering Research Center Jiulianshan national nature reserve administration

When confined to a single leaf, the larvae of most leafminers should suffer intense intraspecific competition. The survival and performance of individuals are expected to decline with increasing larval density within a leaf, showing a negative density-dependent effect. The maximum density of an Elachista Treitschke(Lepidoptera:Elachistidae) miner on Indocalamus tessellatus(Munro)Keng f.(Poaceae: Bambusoideae) under natural conditions can be greater than 40 per leaf, making this a good system for studying intraspecific competition and density *** counted the number of leaves with different mine densities in the field and found a clumped distribution of leafminer larvae among host leaves. The emergence rates of pupae(and last-instar larvae), adults and parasitoids were inversely correlated with larval density. Pupal weight and adult weight also showed negative relationships with larval density. However, pairwise tests showed that there might be no differences in pupal or adult weight at larval densities of 1–10 mines per leaf, indicating that densitydependent effects are more obvious at densities greater than 10 mines per leaf. Intraspecific competition could lead to stable density and consistent body size in surviving individual insects, which would help maintain a sustainable population size. The density threshold could be an indicator of the balance between intraspecific competitive detriments and conspecific aggregation benefits; however, the validity of the threshold density hypothesis requires further testing and confirmation.

关键词： Leafminer Density-dependent Distribution pattern Sustainable population Threshold density

Gut microbial community structure and function of Przewalski’s horses varied across reintroduced sites in China

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第6期18卷 1027-1040页

作者： Liping TANG Liping YAN Huiping JIA Yu XIONG Xinping MA Hongjun CHU Zhicheng SUN Liang WANG Mubalake SHALITANATI Kai LI Defu HU Dong ZHANG School of Ecology and nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina Xinjiang Mountain Ungulate nature reserve Management Center UrumqiChina Institute of Forestry Ecology Xinjiang Academy of Forestry SciencesUrumqiChina Administrative bureau of Dunhuang Xihu national nature reserve DunhuangChina administration of Gansu Anxi Extra-arid Desert national nature reserve GuazhouChina School of Life Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Wild Horse Breeding Research Center UrumqiChina

Host-associated microbiota can significantly impact host ***,naturally occurring variations in microbiota may influence the health and persistence of their *** finding is particularly important in reintroduced animals,as they typically experience habitat changes during ***,little is known about how microbiomes are altered in response to conservation ***,we accessed the gut microbiome of Przewalski’s horse(Equus przewalskii)populations in China from three nature reserves(*** Kalamaili nature reserve,KNR;Dunhuang Xihu national nature reserve,DXNNR;and Anxi Extreme-arid Desert nature reserve,AENR)using 16s rRNA gene and metagenome *** results showed that the microbial composition and function differed significantly across locations,while a subset of core taxa was consistently present in most of the *** abundance of genes encoding microbe-produced enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates,especially for glycoside hydrolases,was significantly higher in open-spaced KNR populations than in more confined AENR *** study offers detailed and significant differential characters related to the microbial community and metabolic pathways in various reintroduced sites of Przewalski’s horse,which might provide a basis for future microecological and conservation research on endangered reintroduced animals.

关键词： 16s rRNA gene metagenome microbial variation reintroduction

Non-invasive genetic analysis indicates low population connectivity in vulnerable Chinese gorals:concerns for segregated population management

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Zoological Research 2019年第5期40卷 439-448页

作者： Jing Yang Guo-Fen Zhu Jian Jiang Chang-Lin Xiang Fu-Li Gao Wei-Dong Bao College of Biological Sciences and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China College of Biology and Food Science Hebei Normal University for Nationalities Chengde Hebei 067000 China Beijing Songshan national nature reserve administration Beijing 102115 China Inner Mongolia Saihanwula national nature reserve administration Daban Inner Mongolia 025000 China

Detailed information on the size and genetic structure of wildlife populations is critical for developing effective conservation strategies, especially for those species that have suffered population decline and fragmentation due to anthropogenic activities. In the present study, we used a non-invasive approach combining fecal pellet sampling with mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA microsatellite marker analysis to monitor and compare the population structure of the Chinese goral (Naemorhedus griseus) in Beijing and northeast Inner Mongolia in China. Of the 307 fecal samples confirmed to be from N. griseus, 15 individuals (nine females and six males) were found in the Beijing population and 61 individuals (37 females and 24 males) were found in the Inner Mongolian population. Among these 76 individuals, we identified eight haplotypes and 13 nucleotide polymorphic sites from mtDNA and 45 alleles from 10 microsatellite loci. Spatially structured genetic variation and a significant level of genetic differentiation were observed between the two populations. In both populations, the sex ratios were skewed toward females, indicating high reproductive potential, which is crucial for population recovery and conservation of this patchily distributed vulnerable species. We suggest that managing the two populations as evolutionarily significant units with diverse genetic backgrounds could be an effective solution for present population recovery, with the possible relocation of individuals among different groups to help ensure future goral species prosperity.

关键词： Genetic diversity Mitochondrial DNA Microsatellite marker Naemorhedus griseus Non-invasive sampling Sex ratio

Habitat use and diel activity pattern of the Tibetan Snowcock(Tetraogallus tibetanus):a case study using camera traps for surveying high-elevation bird species

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Avian Research 2019年第1期10卷 21-29页

作者： Gai Luo Chuangming Yang Huaming Zhou Michael Seitz Yongjie Wu Jianghong Ran Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life ScienceSichuan University The administration of the Gongga Mountain national nature reserve

Background:Global climate change has had significant effects on animal distribution and population dynamics in mid-latitude alpine areas,but we know little about the basic ecology of high-altitude species due to the difficulties of conducting field research in the harsh climate and habitat present at high *** Tibetan Snowcock(Tetraogallus tibetanus) is a little-known phasianid distributing in alpine areas at extremely high elevations in the mountains surrounding the Tibetan *** the species occupancy rate and discussing the factors affecting its distribution based on infrared-triggered camera techniques would provide both a baseline to measure the influence of global warming and valuable information on its conservation and ***:We used infrared-triggered cameras to investigate the Tibetan Snowcock on the western slope of *** from June to November *** used the R package "overlap" to visualize its activity pattern,and used an occupancy model to both examine its habitat use as well as to determine the most influential variables affecting its habitat ***:Using 103 camera traps over 9213 camera-days,we recorded 428 instances of Tibetan *** diel activity peaks of Tibetan Snowcock occurred during the periods of 8:00-10:00 am and 18:00-20:00 *** model estimate of occupancy for Tibetan Snowcock(0.830) was slightly higher than the na?ve site occupancy based on camera detections(0.663),indicating a wider use of habitat than the camera traps ***,slope,settlement density,road density,and EVI(enhanced vegetation index) were the most influential variables for its habitat ***:The Tibetan Snowcock is confirmed to be *** species prefers an environment with a high elevation,gentle slope,and low EVI,apparently facing a trade-off between predator risk,foraging efficiency,and food *** human impact was low,there was a positive correlation between the habitat use of the Tibet

关键词： Activity pattern Habitat preference Mt. Gongga Occupancy model Tibetan Snowcock

Migration routes of the endangered Oriental Stork(Ciconia boyciana)from Xingkai Lake,China,and their repeatability as revealed by GPS tracking

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 215-222页

作者： Zeyu Yang Lixia Chen Ru Jia Hongying Xu Yihua Wang Xuelei Wei Dongping Liu Huajin Liu Yulin Liu Peiyu Yang Guogang Zhang Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of national Forestry and Grassland administration National Bird Banding Center of ChinaEcology and Nature Conservation InstituteChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing100091China Xingkai Lake national nature reserve of Heilongjiang JixiHeilongjiang158300China

The Oriental Stork(Ciconia boyciana)is listed as'Endangered'on the International Union for the Conservation of nature(IUCN)Red List of Threatened Species and is classified as a first category nationally protected bird species in *** this species'seasonal movements and migration will facilitate effective conservation to promote its *** tagged 27 Oriental Stork nestlings at Xingkai Lake on the Sanjiang Plain in Heilongjiang Province,China,used GPS tracking to follow them over the periods of 2014-2017 and 2019-2022,and confirmed their detailed migratory routes using the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS *** discovered four migration routes during autumn migration:one common long-distance migration route in which the storks migrated along the coastline of Bohai Bay to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River for wintering,one short-distance migration route in which the storks wintered in Bohai Bay and two other migration routes in which the storks crossed the Bohai Strait around the Yellow River and wintered in South *** were no significant differences in the number of migration days,residence days,migration distances,number of stopovers and average number of days spent at stopover sites between the autumn and spring migrations(P>0.05).However,the storks migrated significantly faster in spring than in autumn(P=0.03).The same individuals did not exhibit a high degree of repetition in their migration timing and route selection in either autumn or spring *** storks from the same nest exhibited considerable between-individual variation in their migration *** important stopover sites were identified,especially in the Bohai Rim Region and on the Songnen Plain,and we further explored the current conservation status at these two important ***,our results contribute to the understanding of the annual migration,dispersal and protection status of the endangered Oriental Stork and provide a scientific bas

关键词： Autumn migration GPS tracking Oriental stork Repeatability Spring migration Stopover site