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Hepatocellular carcinoma: Understanding molecular mechanisms for defining potential clinical modalities

World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第11期13卷 1568-1583页

作者： Abhiram Natu Anjali Singh Sanjay Gupta Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group Gupta LaboratoryCancer Research InstituteAdvanced Centre for TreatmentResearch and Education in CancerTata Memorial CentreKhargharNavi Mumbai 410210MaharashtraIndia Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School ComplexAnushakti NagarMumbai 400085MaharashtraIndia

Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly occurring cancer and costs millions of lives per *** diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has relied on scanning techniques and serum-based markers such asα-*** measures have limitations due to their detection limits and asymptomatic conditions during the early stages,resulting in late-stage cancer diagnosis where targeted chemotherapy or systemic treatment with sorafenib is ***,the aid of conventional therapy for patients in the advanced stage of HCC has limited ***,it is essential to seek a new treatment strategy and improve the diagnostic techniques to manage the *** have used the omics profile of HCC patients for sub-classification of tissues into different groups,which has helped us with *** these efforts,a promising target for treatment has not been *** hurdle in this situation is genetic and epigenetic variations in the tumor,leading to disparities in response to *** reversible epigenetic changes along with clinical traits help to define new markers for patient categorization and design personalized *** clinical trials of inhibitors of epigenetic modifiers(also known as epi-drugs)are in ***-drugs like azacytidine or belinostat are already approved for other cancer ***,epigenetic changes have also been observed in drug-resistant HCC *** such cases,combinatorial treatment of epi-drugs with systemic therapy or trans-arterial chemoembolization might re-sensitize resistant cells.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Diagnosis treatment Epigenetics Epi-drugs Drug resistance

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Of genes and microbes： solving the intricacies in host genomes

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Protein & Cell 2018年第5期9卷 446-461页

作者： Jun Wang Liang Chen Na Zhao Xizhan Xu Yakun Xu Baoli Zhu CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Collaborative Innovation centre for Diagnosis and treatment of Infectious Diseases First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China

Microbiome research is a quickly developing field in biomedical research, and we have witnessed its poten- tial in understanding the physiology, metabolism and immunology, its critical role in understanding the health and disease of the host, and its vast capacity in disease prediction, intervention and treatment. However, many of the fundamental questions still need to be addressed, including the shaping forces of microbial diversity between individuals and across time. Microbiome research falls into the classical nature vs. nurture sce- nario, such that host genetics shape part of the micro- biome, while environmental influences change the original course of microbiome development. In this review, we focus on the nature, i.e., the genetic part of the equation, and summarize the recent efforts in understanding which parts of the genome, especially the human and mouse genome, play important roles in determining the composition and functions of microbial communities, primarily in the gut but also on the skin. We aim to present an overview of different approaches in studying the intricate relationships between host genetic variations and microbes, its underlying philos- ophy and methodology, and we aim to highlight a few key discoveries along this exploration, as well as current pitfalls. More evidence and results will surely appear in upcoming studies, and the accumulating knowledge will lead to a deeper understanding of what we could finally term a ＂hologenome＂, that is, the orga- nized, closely interacting genome of the host and the microbiome.

关键词： gut microbiota host genetics quantitativegenetics gene-microbiome association

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Efficient degradation of organic pollutants by S-NaTaO_(3)/biochar under visible light and the photocatalytic performance of a permonosulfate-based dual-effect catalytic system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 388-400页

作者： Yuehui Tai Jinlong Sun Haoran Tian Fuyue Liu Boyu Han Wei Fu Zhangpei Liu Xiuye Yang Qifeng Liu The School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China China National Offshore Oil Corporation Centre Tech Tianjin Chemical Research and Design Institute Co.LtdTianjin 300131China Inner Mongolia Coal Chemical Wastewater treatment and Resource Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center Hohhot 010021China

Removing large concentrations of organic pollutants from water efficiently and quickly under visible light is essential to developing photocatalytic technology and improving solar energy *** study used a simple hydrothermal method to prepare a non-metallic,S-doped NaTaO_(3)(S-NTO) photocatalyst,which was then loaded onto biochar (BC) to form a S-NTO/BC composite *** uniform loading onto BC,the S-NTO particles transformed from cubic to *** photogenerated electron-hole pair recombination probability of the composite photocatalyst was significantly lower than those of the NTO *** light absorption range of the catalyst was effectively widened from 310 nm UV region to visible *** addition,a dual-effect catalytic system was constructed by introducing peroxymonosulfate (PMS) into the environment of the pollution to be *** Rhodamine B,Methyl Orange,Acid Orange 7,tetracycline,and ciprofloxacin degradation efficiency at 40 mg/L reached 99.6%,99.2%,84.5%,67.1%,and 70.7%,respectively,after irradiation by a 40 W lamps for 90 *** high-efficiency visible-light catalytic activity of the dual-effect catalytic system was attributed to doping with non-metallic sulfur and loading of catalysts onto *** development of this dual-effect catalytic system provides new ideas for quickly and efficiently solving the problem of high-concentration organic pollution in aqueous environments,rationally and fully utilizing solar energy,and expanding the application of photocatalytic technology to practice.

关键词： NaTaO_(3) S-doped Biochar Photocatalytic Permonosulfate Dual-effect catalytic system

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Home monitoring system improves the detection of ventricular arrhythmia and inappropriate shock

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Chinese Medical Journal 2012年第19期125卷 3421-3424页

作者： WANG Huan HUA Wei DING Li-gang WANG Jing CHEN Ke-ping ZHANG Shu centre of Arrhythmia Diagnosis and treatment Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100037China

Background The impact of home monitoring system in the early detection of ventricular arrhythmia and inappropriate shock in daily work is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of home monitoring system on the early detection of ventricular arrhythmia and inappropriate shock in daily clinical practice. Methods Cases of implantable cardioverter defibrillator （ICD） implantation with or without the home monitoring system from June 2010 to October 2011 at our center were reviewed. Follow-up was scheduled after implantation. Data relating to the home monitoring ICD were retrieved using a remote transmitter system. Data relating to the other devices were obtained during scheduled follow-up or unscheduled visits. Results Our study involved 69 patients （mean age （68.4＋17.6） years, 64.3% males, 26 in the home monitoring group vs. 43 in the non-home monitoring group）. In all, 561 ventricular arrhythmia episodes were detected in 17 patients （39.5%） in the non-home monitoring group： 495 episodes were ventricular tachycardia and 66 episodes were ventricular fibrillation; among these, 476 episodes of ventricular tachycardia and 45 episodes of ventricular fibrillation were appropriately diagnosed （96.1% and 68.2%, respectively）. In the home monitoring group, 389 ventricular arrhythmia episodes were transmitted by the home monitoring system in nine patients （34.6%）： 348 ventricular tachycardia episodes and 41 ventricular fibrillation episodes. Device detection was appropriate in 348 ventricular tachycardia episodes （100.0%） and 36 ventricular fibrillation episodes （87.8%）. The home monitoring group showed a higher appropriate detection rate of ventricular tachycardia （P 〈0.01） and ventricular fibrillation （P=0.02）. The proportion of inappropriate shock was comparable in the two groups （6/11 in the non-home monitoring group vs. 1/7 in the home monitoring group; m=0.08）. Conclusions The home monitoring ICD was able to provide information relating to inappropri

关键词： home monitoring system ventricular tachyarrhythmia implantable cardioverter defibrillator

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Investigation of weld parameters on ductility, onion ring and fracture behaviour of friction stir welded AA2219-T87

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Journal of Central South University 2019年第9期26卷 2318-2327页

作者： Dinesh KUMAR R S MUTHUKUMARAN Vincent XAVIER T VENKATESWARAN D SIVAKUMAR Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering NIT-Trichy 620015India Heat treatment and Welding Metallurgy Division Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre(VSSC-ISRO)Trivandrum 695022India

Friction stir welding provides better retention of ductility and plasticity in comparison to fusion welding and it increases the stability against *** study aims to enhance both the ductility and strength of the welded *** profile was found to play an important role in retaining ductility,understanding the metal flow behavior and determining the fracture initiating *** microstructure of different regions in the onion ring was inferred to correlate the strength with the metal flow *** onion ring pattern strengthened the weld *** and taper threaded profile tool resulted in superior mechanical *** results confirmed that the fracture runs through low hardness areas such as heat affected zone and thermo-mechanically affected *** scanning electron microscopic images revealed elongated grains and dimples,justifying ductile mode of fracture.

关键词： plasticity metal flow onion ring fracture friction stir welding

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Effectiveness of online HIV treatment services in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic

Health Care Science

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Health Care Science 2023年第3期2卷 164-172页

作者： Jing Han Hanxi Zhang Ye Su Fujie Zhang WHO Collaborating centre for Comprehensive Management of HIV treatment and Care Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Center for HIV/AIDS Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Background:The COVID‐19 pandemic has created challenges with respect to HIV care *** online services might provide an effective method for health service delivery to people living with HIV(PLHIV).Few studies have focused on the efficacy of telemedical services for PLHIV and the effect of antiretroviral treatment via online services in ***:We developed a platform called the“No.8 Health”for online antiretroviral drug collection and delivery services in Beijing from January 21 to June 30,*** evaluated the online treatment service according to viral load suppression rates and compared differences in social characteristics between PLHIV who received antiretroviral drugs through online or offline treatment ***:By June 2022,9528 PLHIV had received outpatient treatment services,among which 44.6%(4031/9528)used the online treatment and drug delivery services for a total of 5590 person‐*** satisfaction rate was 100%.Rates of viral load suppression among PLHIV who initiated antiretroviral therapy(ART)in 2020 and 2021 were 96.4%and 93.1%,*** showed that the viral load suppression rate was 97.9%.Regarding HIV rapid self‐testing,4513 men who have sex with men used the online HIV rapid testing *** number of users was approximately the same as in 2021,but both were slightly lower than those in ***:This study was the first to evaluate the effect of online drug collection and delivery services and virologic outcomes among PLHIV in *** online service helped with maintenance of ART services,but the COVID‐19 pandemic still had some impacts on viral load suppression.

关键词： HIV online service efficacy

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Current Status of Radiotherapy Services in Kenya

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2022年第4期13卷 218-233页

作者： Philip Kioko Ndonye Samuel Nii Adu Tagoe Cancer treatment centre Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) Nairobi Kenya Oncology & Cancer treatment centre The Nairobi Hospital Nairobi Kenya School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Accra Ghana

Purpose: Owing to the missing recent data regarding cancer case volumes in Kenyan hospitals since 2012, the aim of the study was to fill the gap by providing data for two hospitals in Nairobi, the post year 2012. The general situation of radiation oncology and recommendation for improvement of radiotherapy services in the country were also highlighted. Further assessment was to investigate and determine the relationship between age, different types of cancer, and gender for cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment. Materials and Methods: A data compilation, analysis, and evaluation process were conducted at two cancer treatment centers in Kenya followed by an assessment of radiotherapy cancer treatment facilities in the country. The number of the patients treated for cervical, breast prostate, esophagus, rectum, and lung cancer against their ages and gender were also compiled for assessment. Results: The number of cancer patients treated by radiotherapy continuously increased annually and he trends of the graphs in both centers were similar. Cervical cancer was the most common cancer treated by radiotherapy at the two centers, followed by breast and prostate cancer. Different types of cancer assessed were dependent on age and that cancer appeared at younger ages in female cervical and breast cancer patients as opposed to the male prostate cancer. Conclusion: The results indicate a continuous annual increase in cancer patients treated by radiotherapy in Kenya radiotherapy centers. The increase may be attributed to the rising population, limited access to cancer awareness, and the growing adoption of unhealthy lifestyles, among other factors. Female cervical and breast cancer patients contracted the disease at younger ages (46 - 50 years) compared to the male prostate cancer patients with a mean age of 61 - 65 years. Socio-economic factors, the organization of healthcare systems, and a limited workforce have been identified as some of the barriers to the prov

关键词： Cancer treatment Radiotherapy Services EBRT Brachytherapy Age Dependence

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Neuroprotection by misoprostol against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in rat brain

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第1期11卷 40-47页

作者： Omar M.E.Abdel-Salam Amany A Sleem Eman R Youness Nadia A Mohammed Enayat A Omara Department of Toxicology and Narcotics National Research Centre Department of Pharmacology National Research Centre Department of Medical Biochemistry National Research Centre Department of Pathology National Research Centre

Objective: To investigate the effect of the prostaglandin E1 analogue misoprostol on oxidative stress and neurodegeration caused by subcutaneous rotenone administration in rats. Methods:Rotenone was administered in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg every other day for 2 weeks. Starting from the 1 st day of rotenone injection, rats were subcutaneously treated with misoprostol at doses of10, 100 or 1 000 μg/kg. Rats were evaluated for brain lipid peroxidation(malondialdehyde:MDA), reduced glutathione(GSH), nitric oxide(NO) levels, and paraoxonase-1(PON-1) *** concentrations of the anti-apoptotic protein B cell/lymphoma-2(Bcl-2) were determined in the striatum. Histopathologic examination and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in the cerebral cortex and striatum were also performed. Results: Compared with the vehicle-treated group, rotenone caused a significant increase in brain lipid proxidation(MDA)by 61%(Ptreatment restored striatal Bcl-2 concentrations to its normal value. Misoprostol treatment resulted in markedly reduced brain injury and decreased iNOS expression in the cereb

关键词： Misoprostol Rotenone Brain oxidative stress B cell/lymphoma-2 Paraoxonase

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Preventive effects of cannabis on neurotoxic and hepatotoxic activities of malathion in rat

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第4期11卷 272-279页

作者： Omar M.E.Abdel-Salam Amany A Sleem Eman R Youness Fatma A.Morsy Department of Toxicology and Narcotics National Research Centre Department of Pharmacology National Research Centre Department of Medical Biochemistry National Research Centre Department of Pathology National Research Centre

Objective: To investigate the effect of Cannabis sativa extract on the development of neuroand hepato-toxicity caused by malathion injection in rats. Methods: The extract of Cannabis sativa was obtained from the plant resin by chloroform treatment. Δ~9-Tetrahydrocannabinol content of the extract(20%) was quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The doses of cannabis extract were expressed as Δ~9-tetrahydrocannabinol content of 10 or 20 mg/kg. Malathion(150 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered followed after 30 min by the cannabis extract(10 or 20 mg/kg, subcutaneously). Rats were euthanized 4 h later. Malondialdehyde(MDA), reduced glutathione(GSH), nitric oxide and paraoxonase-1(PON-1) activity were determined in brain and liver. Brain 5-lipoxygenase and butyrylcholinesterase(BChE) activity were measured as well. Histopathological examination of brain and liver tissue was also performed. Results: Compared to controls, malathion resulted in increased oxidative stress in brain and liver. MDA and nitric oxide concentrations were significantly increased(Ptreatment. Cannabis at 20 mg/kg, however, caused significant increase in nitric oxide and restored the GSH and PON-1 activity. Brain BChE activity significantly decreased by 26.1%(Ptreatment with 10 mg/kg cannabis. Cannabis showed no effect on brain 5-lipoxygenase. On the other hand, rats treated with cannabis exhibited significantly higher levels of liver MDA, nitric oxide and PON-1 activity compared with the malathion control group. Rats treated with only malathion exhibited spongiform changes, neuronal damage in the cerebral cortex and degeneration of some Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. There were also hepatic vacuolar degeneration and dilated an

关键词： Cannabis sativa Malathion Liver damage Brain damage Oxidative stress Paraoxonase 5-Lipoxygenase

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Methodologic research on TIMP-1,TIMP-2 detection as a new diagnostic index for hepatic fibrosis and its significance

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2002年第2期8卷 282-287页

作者： Oing-He Nie Yong-Oian Cheng Yu-Mei Xie Yong-Xing Zhou Bai-Xian Guang Yi-Zhan Cao,The centre of Diagnosis and treatment for Infectious Disease of Chinese PLA,Tangdu Hospital,Fourth Military Medical University,Xi’an 710038,Shanxi Province,China The centre of Infectious Disease Diagnosis and treatment of Chinese PLA Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710038 Shaanxi Province China. nieqinghe@***

AIM: To set up a new method to detect tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and -2(TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in sera of patients with hepatic cirrhosis, and to investigate the expression and location of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in liver tissue of patients with hepatic cirrhosis, and the correlation between TIMPs in liver and those in sera so as to discuss whether TIMPs can be used as a diagnosis index of hepatic fibrosis. METHODS: The monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were used to sensitize erythrocytes, and solid-phase absorption to sensitized erythrocytes (SPASE) was used to detect TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in the sera of patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Meanwhile, with the method of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we studied the mRNA expression and antigen location of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in the livers of 40 hepatic cirrhosis patients with pathologic diagnosis. RESULTS: With SPASE, they were 16.4% higher in the acute hepatitis group, 33.3% higher in the chronic hepatitis group, and the positive rates were 73.6% and 61.2% respectively in sera of hepatic cirrhosis patients, which were remarkably higher than those in chronic hepatitis and acute hepatitis group (P<0.001). In 40 samples of hepatic cirrhosis tissues, all of them showed positive expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA detected with immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization (positive rate was 100%). Expression of TIMPs in different degrees could be found in liver tissue with cirrhosis. TIMPs were located in cytoplasm of liver cells of patients with hepatic cirrhosis. There was a significant correlation between serum TIMPs level and liver TIMPs level. CONCLUSION: SPASE is a useful method to detect the TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in sera of patients with hepatic cirrhosis, and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 can be considered as a useful diagnostic index of hepatic fibrosis, especially TIMP-1.

关键词： Antibodies, Monoclonal Erythrocytes Humans Immunoassay In Situ Hybridization Liver Liver Cirrhosis Protease Inhibitors Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2

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