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Six-Writings multimodal processing with pictophonetic coding to enhance Chinese language models

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第1期25卷 84-105页

作者： Li WEIGANG Mayara Chew MARINHO Denise Leyi LI Vitor Vasconcelos DE OLIVEIRA department of Computer Science University of BrasiliaBrasilia 70910-900Brazil Faculty of Economics AdministrationAccounting and ActuariesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-010Brazil

While large language models(LLMs)have made significant strides in natural language processing(NLP),they continue to face challenges in adequately addressing the intricacies of the Chinese language in certain scenarios.We propose a framework called Six-Writings multimodal processing(SWMP)to enable direct integration of Chinese NLP(CNLP)with morphological and semantic elements.The first part of SWMP,known as Six-Writings pictophonetic coding(SWPC),is introduced with a suitable level of granularity for radicals and components,enabling effective representation of Chinese characters and words.We conduct several experimental scenarios,including the following:(1)We establish an experimental database consisting of images and SWPC for Chinese characters,enabling dual-mode processing and matrix generation for CNLP.(2)We characterize various generative modes of Chinese words,such as thousands of Chinese idioms,used as question-and-answer(Q&A)prompt functions,facilitating analogies by SWPC.The experiments achieve 100%accuracy in answering all questions in the Chinese morphological data set(CA8-Mor-10177).(3)A fine-tuning mechanism is proposed to refine word embedding results using SWPC,resulting in an average relative error of≤25%for 39.37%of the questions in the Chinese wOrd Similarity data set(COS960).The results demonstrate that SWMP/SWPC methods effectively capture the distinctive features of Chinese and offer a promising mechanism to enhance CNLP with better efficiency.

关键词： Chinese language model Chinese natural language processing(CNLP) Generative language model Multimodal processing Six-Writings

The Lambert-G Family:Properties,Inference,and Applications

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第7期140卷 513-536页

作者： Jamal N.Al Abbasi Ahmed Z.Afify Badr Alnssyan Mustafa S.Shama accounting department Ashur UniversityBaghdad10011Iraq department of Statistics Mathematics and InsuranceBenha UniversityBenha13511Egypt department of Management Information Systems and Production Management College of Business and EconomicsQassim UniversityBuraydah51452Saudi Arabia department of Basic Sciences Common First Year(CFY)King Saud UniversityRiyadh11362Saudi Arabia department of Mathematics and Statistics Osim Higher Institute of Administrative ScienceOsim12961Egypt

This study proposes a new flexible family of distributions called the Lambert-G family.The Lambert family is very flexible and exhibits desirable properties.Its three-parameter special sub-models provide all significantmonotonic and non-monotonic failure rates.A special sub-model of the Lambert family called the Lambert-Lomax(LL)distribution is investigated.General expressions for the LL statistical properties are established.Characterizations of the LL distribution are addressed mathematically based on its hazard function.The estimation of the LL parameters is discussed using six estimation methods.The performance of this estimation method is explored through simulation experiments.The usefulness and flexibility of the LL distribution are demonstrated empirically using two real-life data sets.The LL model better fits the exponentiated Lomax,inverse power Lomax,Lomax-Rayleigh,power Lomax,and Lomax distributions.

关键词： Lambert function Lomax distribution maximum likelihood hazard function statistical model simulation

The value of the INFECTIONS scoring system in identifying bacterial infections among patients presenting at the emergency department of a middle-income country:A pilot study

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2024年第2期27卷 77-82页

作者： Dooshanveer C.Nuckchady department of Internal Medicine Victoria HospitalCandosMauritius

Purpose:To investigate which scoring system is the most accurate tool in predicting mortality among the infected patients who present to the emergency department in a middle-income country,and to validate a new scoring system to predict bacterial infections.Methods:This was a retrospective,single-center study among patients who were admitted via the emergency department of a public hospital.All patients who were started on antibiotics were included in the study,while patients aged0.85;however,these scoring systems failed to predict whether patients were truly infected.The INFECTIONS(short for impaired mental status,not conscious,fast heart rate,elevated creatinine,high temperature,on inotrope,low oxygen,high neutrophils and high sugar)model reached an AUROC of 0.88 to more accurately predict the infectious state of a patient.Conclusions:Middle-income countries should use the qSOFA or universal vital assessment score to identify the sickest patients in emergency department.The INFECTIONS score may help recognize patients with bacterial infections,but it should be further validated in multiple countries prior to widely use.

关键词： Prognosis Mortality Bacterial infection INFECTIONS scoring system Sequential organ failure assessment Prediction

Emergency department management of acute agitation in the reproductive age female and pregnancy

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第2期15卷 83-90页

作者： Ariella Gartenberg Kayla Levine Alexander Petrie department of Emergency Medicine Jacobi Medical Center and Montefiore Medical CenterNY 10461USA department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical CenterNY 10461USA department of Emergency Medicine Jacobi Medical Center and North Central Bronx HospitalNY 10461USA

BACKGROUND:Agitation is a common presentation within emergent departments(EDs).Agitation during pregnancy should be treated as an obstetric emergency,as the distress may jeopardize both the patient and fetus.The safety of psychotropic medications in the reproductive age female has not been well established.This review aimed to explore a summary of general agitation recommendations with an emphasis on ED management of agitation during pregnancy.METHODS:A literature review was conducted to explore the pathophysiology of acute agitation and devise a preferred treatment plan for ED management of acute agitation in the reproductive age or pregnant female.RESULTS:While nonpharmacological management is preferred,ED visits for agitation often require medical management.Medication should be selected based on the etiology of agitation and the clinical setting to avoid major adverse effects.Adverse effects are common in pregnant females.For mild to moderate agitation in pregnancy,diphenhydramine is an effective sedating agent with minimal adverse effects.In moderate to severe agitation,high-potency typical psychotropics are preferred due to their neutral effects on hemodynamics.Haloperidol has become the most frequently utilized psychotropic for agitation during pregnancy.Second generation psychotropics are often utilized as second-line therapy,including risperidone.Benzodiazepines and ketamine have demonstrated adverse fetal outcomes.CONCLUSION:While randomized control studies cannot be ethically conducted on pregnant patients requiring sedation,animal models and epidemiologic studies have demonstrated the effects of psychotropic medication exposure in utero.As the fetal risk associated with multiple doses of psychotropic medications remains unknown,weighing the risks and benefits of each agent,while utilizing the lowest effective dose remains critical in the treatment of acute agitation within the EDs.

关键词： Agitation Pregnancy Haloperidol Ketamine Benzodiazepines

The Impact of Health Information Technology on Hospital Performance: A Systematic Integrative Literature Review

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Health 2024年第4期16卷 257-279页

作者： Alisa Westerhof Cokky Hilhorst Willem Jan Bos accounting Auditing & Control Nyenrode Business University Breukelen Netherlands St. Antonius Ziekenhuis Utrecht Netherlands department of Internal Medicine Nephrology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands

Objective: To review, categorise, and synthesise findings from literature on health information technology (HIT) functionalities, HIT use, and the impact of HIT on hospital performance. Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic integrative literature review based on a compre-hensive database search. To organise, categorise and synthesise the ex-isting literature, we adopted the affordance actualization theory. To align the literature with our research framework, we used four categories: 1) the functionalities of HIT and how these functionalities are measured;2) use and immediate outcomes of HIT functionalities;3) different perfor-mance indicators and how HIT functionalities affect them;and 4) what hospital characteristics influence the outcome of hospital performance. Results: Fifty-two studies were included. We identified four types of HIT. Only ten studies (19.2%) define the use of HIT by explicitly meas-uring the use rate of HIT. We identified five dimensions of hospital per-formance indicators. Every dimension showed mixed results;however, in general, HIT has a positive impact on mortality and patient readmis-sions. We found several hospital characteristics that may affect the rela-tionship between HIT and hospital-level outcomes. Discussion: Further efforts should focus on embedded research on HIT functionalities, use and effects of HIT implementations with more performance indicators and adjusted for hospital characteristics. Conclusion: The proposed framework could help hospitals and researchers make decisions regard-ing the functionalities, use and effects of HIT implementation in hospi-tals. Given our research outcomes, we suggest future research opportuni-ties to improve understanding of how HIT affects hospital performance. .

关键词： Health Information Technology HIT Functionalities Hospital Performance Indicators

The global stability and optimal control of the COVID-19 epidemic model

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2024年第1期17卷 1-28页

作者： Fengsheng Chien Hassan Saberi Nik Mohammad Shiraziant J.F.Gomez-Aguilar School of Finance and accounting Fuzhou University of International Studies and Trade Fuzhou 352020 P.R.China Faculty of Business City university of Macao Macao 999078P.R.China department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Neyshabur NeyshaburIran CONACyT-Tecnologico Nacional de Mécico/CENIDET Interior Internado Palmira S/N Col.Palmira C.P.62490CuernavacaMorelosMérico

This paper considers stability analysis of a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Virus(SEIRV)model with nonlinear incidence rates and indicates the severity and weakness of control factors for disease transmission.The Lyapunov function using Volterra-Lyapunov matrices makes it possible to study the global stability of the endemic equilibrium point.An optimal control strategy is proposed to prevent the spread of coronavirus,in addition to governmental intervention.The objective is to minimize together with the quantity of infected and exposed individuals while minimizing the total costs of treatment.A numerical study of the model is also carried out to investigate the analytical results.

关键词： Global stability SEIRV epidemic model dynamical systems Volterra-Lyapunov stability optimal control

Quantitative assessment of the impact of a triage physician on the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education resident milestones in the emergency department

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第3期15卷 220-222页

作者： Julie Cueva Duncan Grossman Vishnu Muppala Arlene Chung Mahlaqa Butt Jefferson Drapkin Antonios Likourezos Errel Khordipour department of Emergency Medicine Maimonides Medical CenterNew York 11219USA

The “door-to-doctor” time for patients to be seen by a physician is an increasingly studied metric.Hospitals may shorten this time by implementing a triage physician (TP).The exact role of a TP may vary across departments.TPs put in preliminary orders for lab work,imaging,and treatment,and decide treatment location for further evaluation.As the prevalence of TPs grows,its effect on resident education in academic emergency departments (EDs) remains unclear.We implemented a TP in the spring of 2016 and assessed resident physicians before and after implementation.

关键词： physician doctor treatment

Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase, and α-amylase inhibitors from Hippeastrum hybridum extract

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第3期44卷 496-504页

作者： Naila Sher Mushtaq Ahmed Nadia Mushtaq department of Biotechnology University of Science and Technology department of Botany University of Science and Technology

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Hippeastrum hybridum（HH） as a free radical scavenger,and an inhibitor of the two enzymes i-e Alpha-amylase（α-amylase） and acetylcholinesterase（AChE）.METHODS:In this study,HH plant was preliminary analyzed for phytochemical screening and then tested for its antioxidant,anti-α-amylase,and anti-AChE efficiency via standard procedures.RESULTS:Phytochemical analysis shows the existence of different compounds;while Coumarins and quinones were absent.The total phenolic,flavonoid,and tannins content were found to be（78.52±0.69） mg GAE/g,（2.01±0.04） mg RUE/g,and（58.12±0.23） mg TAE/g of plant extract respectively.28.02%±0.02% alkaloid and 2.02%±0.05% saponins were present in the HH extract.The HH extract showed the anti-oxidant property with IC50（50%inhibition） of（151.01±0.13）(HH),（79.01±0.04）(Ascorbic acid) for ferric reducing,（91.48±0.13）(HH),（48.02±0.11）(Ascorbic acid) against Ammonium molybdenum,（156.02±0.31）(HH),（52.38±0.21）(Ascorbic acid) against DPPH,136.01±0.21（HH）,52.02±0.31（Ascorbic acid） against H2O2,and 154.12±0.03（HH）,（40.05±0.15）(Ascorbic acid)μg/mL against ABTS respectively.Statistical analysis indicated that HH caused a competitive type of inhibition of α-amylase(Vmaxremained constant and Km increases from 10.65 to84.37%) while Glucophage caused the un-competitive type of inhibition i-e both Km and Vmaxdecreased from40.49 to 69.15%and 38.86 to 69.61%respectively.The Ki,（inhibition constant）;KI,（dissociation constant）,Km,（Michaelis-Menten constant）,and IC50 were found to be62,364,68.1,and 38.08±0.22 for HH and 12,101.05,195,34.01±0.21 for Glucophage.Similarly,HH causes an anon-competitive type of inhibition of AChE i-e Km remains constant while Vmaxdecreases from 60.5%to74.1%.The calculated Ki,KI,Km,and IC50 were found to be 32,36.2,0.05,and 18.117±0.018.CONCLUSION:From the current results,it is concluded that HH extract contains bioactive compounds,and could be a good alternative to controlling oxidants,Alzheimer‘s and Type-Ⅱ diabetic diseases.

关键词： Hippeastrum hybridum acetylcholinesterase alpha-amylase antioxidant phytochemicals

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs combined with laser photocoagulation maintain retinal ganglion cell integrity in patients with diabetic macular edema: study protocol for a prospective, non-randomized, controlled clinical trial

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 923-928页

作者： Xiangjun Li Chunyan Li Hai Huang Dan Bai Jingyi Wang Anqi Chen Yu Gong Ying Leng department of Ophthalmology Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University department of Endocrinology Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University

The integrity of retinal ganglion cells is tightly associated with diabetic macular degeneration that leads to damage and death of retinal ganglion cells,affecting vision.The major clinical treatments for diabetic macular edema are anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs and laser photocoagulation.However,although the macular thickness can be normalized with each of these two therapies used alone,the vision does not improve in many patients.This might result from the incomplete recovery of retinal ganglion cell injury.Therefore,a prospective,non-randomized,controlled clinical trial was designed to investigate the effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs combined with laser photocoagulation on the integrity of retinal ganglion cells in patients with diabetic macular edema and its relationship with vision recovery.In this trial,150 patients with diabetic macular edema will be equally divided into three groups according to therapeutic methods,followed by treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs,laser photocoagulation therapy,and their combination.All patients will be followed up for 12 months.The primary outcome measure is retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness at 12 months after treatment.The secondary outcome measures include retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness before and 1,3,6,and 9 months after treatment,retinal nerve fiber layer thickness,best-corrected visual acuity,macular area thickness,and choroidal thickness before and 1,3,6,9,and 12 months after treatment.Safety measure is the incidence of adverse events at 1,3,6,9,and 12 months after treatment.The study protocol hopes to validate the better efficacy and safety of the combined treatment in patients with diabetic macula compared with the other two monotherapies alone during the 12-month follow-up period.The trial is designed to focus on clarifying the time-effect relationship between imaging measures related to the integrity of retinal ganglion cells and best-corrected visual acuity.

关键词： choroidal thickness diabetic macular edema laser photocoagulation retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness retinal ganglion cells retinal nerve fiber layer thickness thickness of the macular area vascular endothelial growth factor visual acuity