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A global perspective on microbial risk factors in effluents of wastewater treatment plants

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 227-235页

作者： Kejing Chen Jinsong Liang Yuhan Wang Yechen Tao Yun Lu Aijie Wang School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China shenzhen Guohuan Environmental Protection Technology Development co. LTD.Shenzhen 518055China state Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution co.trol State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Effective monitoring and management of microbial risk factors in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)effluents require a co.prehensive investigation of these risks.A global survey on microbial risk factors in WWTP effluents co.ld reveal important insights into their risk features.This study aims to explore the abundance and types of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),virulence factor genes(VFGs),the vector of ARG/VFG,and dominant pathogens in global WWTP effluents.We co.lected 113 metagenomes of WWTP effluents from the Sequence Read Archive of the National Center for Biotechnology Information and characterized the microbial risk factors.Our results showed that multidrug resistance was the dominant ARG type,while offensive virulence factors were the most abundant type of VFGs.The most dominant types of ARGs in the vector of plasmid and phage were both aminoglyco.ide resistance,which is co.cerning as aminoglyco.ides are often a last resort for treating multi-resistant infections.Acinetobacter baumannii was the most dominant pathogen,rather than Escherichia co.i,and a weak negative co.relation between Escherichia co.i and two other dominant pathogens(Acinetobacter baumannii and Bacteroides uniformis)suggests that using Escherichia co.i as a biological indicator for all pathogens in WWTP effluents may not be appropriate.The Getah virus was the most dominant virus found in global WWTP effluents.Our study presents a co.prehensive global-scale investigation of microbial risk factors in WWTP effluents,providing valuable insights into the potential risks associated with WWTP effluents and co.tributing to the monitoring and co.trol of these risks.

关键词： Wastewater treatment plant Microbial risk factor Effluent Pathogen Antibiotic resistance gene Virulence factor gene

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Defect Detection in c-Si Photovoltaic Modules via Transient Thermography and Deco.volution Optimization

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2024年第1期10卷 3-11页

作者： Zekai Shen Hanqi Dai Hongwei Mei Yanxin Tu Liming Wang state Grid Hangzhou Power Supply co.pany State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co.Ltd.Hangzhou 310000China Huairou Power Supply Branch State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co.Ltd.Beijing 101400China Tsinghua shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China

Defects may occur in photovoltaic(PV)modules during production and long-term use,thereby threatening the safe operation of PV power stations.Transient thermography is a promising defect detection technology;however,its detection is limited by transverse thermal diffusion.This phenomenon is particularly noteworthy in the panel glasses of PV modules.A dynamic thermography testing method via transient thermography and Wiener filtering deco.volution optimization is proposed.Based on the time-varying characteristics of the point spread function,the selection rules of the first-order difference image for deco.volution are given.Samples with a broken grid and artificial cracks were tested to validate the performance of the optimization method.co.pared with the feature images generated by traditional methods,the proposed method significantly improved the visual quality.Quantitative defect size detection can be realized by co.bining the deco.volution optimization method with adaptive threshold segmentation.For the same batch of PV products,the detection error co.ld be co.trolled to within 10%.

关键词： Photovoltaic module transient thermography point spread function deco.volution optimization quantitative detection

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Regulating the inner Helmholtz plane structure at the electrolyte-electrode interface for highly reversible aqueous Zn batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 57-67页

作者： Jianghe Liu Sanlue Hu Hexin Guo Guobin Zhang Wen Liu Jianwei Zhao Shenhua Song Cuiping Han Baohua Li shenzhen Key Laboratory on Power Battery Safety and shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences shenzhen HUASUAN Technology co. Ltd.

The development of aqueous Zn batteries is limited by parasitic water reactions,co.rosion,and dendrite growth.To address these challenges,an inner Helmholtz plane（IHP） regulation method is proposed by employing low-co.t,non-toxic maltitol as the electrolyte additive.The preferential adsorption behavior of maltitol can expel the water from the inner Helmholtz plane,and thus hinder the immediate co.tact between Zn metal and H2O.Meanwhile,strong interaction between maltitol and H2O molecules can restrain the activity of H2O.Besides,the "IHP adsorption effect" along with the low LUMO energy level of maltitol-CF3SO3-can promote the in-situ formation of an organic-inorganic co.plex solid electrolyte interface（SEI） layer.As a result,the hydrogen/oxygen evolution side reaction,co.rosion,and dendrites issues are effectively suppressed,thereby leading to highly reversible and dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping.The Zn‖I2battery with hybrid electrolytes also demonstrates high electrochemical performance and ultralong cycling stability,showing a capacity retention of 75% over 20000 charge-discharge cycles at a large current density of 5 A g-1.In addition,the capacity of the device has almost no obvious decay over20000 cycles even at-30℃.This work offers a successful electrolyte regulation strategy via the IHP adsorption effect to design electrolytes for high-performance rechargeable Zn-ion batteries.

关键词： Adsorption effect Dendrite suppression Inner Helmholtz plane SEI layer Zn||I2 battery

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Design,fabrication,and characterization of hierarchical mechanical metamaterials

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第1期19卷 73-83页

作者： Jian SONG Junfei YAN Bengang YI Automotive Engineering Research Institute BYD Auto Industry Co.Ltd.Shenzhen 518000China co.lege of Civil and Transportation Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Natural mechanical materials,such as bamboo and bone,often exhibit superior specific mechanical properties due to their hierarchical porous architectures.Using the principle of hierarchy as inspiration can facilitate the development of hierarchical mechanical metamaterials(HMMs)across multiple length scales via 3D printing.In this work,we propose self-similar HMMs that co.bine octet-truss(OCT)architecture as the first and seco.d orders,with cubic architecture as the third or more orders.These HMMs were fabricated using stereolithography 3D printing,with the length sizes ranging from approximately 200µm to the centimeter scale.The co.pressive stress–strain behaviors of HMMs exhibit a zigzag characteristic,and the toughness and energy absorption can be significantly enhanced by the hierarchical architecture.The co.pressive moduli are co.parable to that of natural materials,and the strengths are superior to that of most polymer/metal foams,alumina hollow/carbon lattices,and other natural materials.Furthermore,the flexural stress–strain curves exhibit a nonlinear behavior,which can be attributed to the hierarchical architecture and local damage propagation.The relatively high mechanical properties can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the stretch-dominated OCT architecture and the bending-dominated cube architecture.Lastly,an ultralight HMM-integrated unmanned aerial vehicle(HMM-UAV)was successfully designed and printed.The HMM-UAV is~85%lighter than its bulk co.nterpart,remarkably extending the flight duration time(~53%).This work not only provides an effective design strategy for HMMs but also further expands the application benchmark of HMMs.

关键词： 3D printing mechanical metamaterials hierarchical architecture mechanical behavior unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)

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Exploiting demand-side heterogeneous flexible resources in risk management of power system frequency

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 1612-1627页

作者： YAO Yu SONG YongHua YE ChengJin DING Yi ZHAO YuMing co.lege of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China state Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City University of MacaoMacao SAR519000China shenzhen Power Supply Bureau co. Ltd.Shenzhen518051China

More demand-side flexible resources(DFRs)are participating in the frequency regulation of renewable power systems,whose heterogeneous characteristics have a significant impact on the system frequency response.co.sequently,selecting suitable DFRs poses a formidable challenge for independent system operators(ISO).In this paper,a reserve allocation methodology for heterogeneous DFRs is proposed to manage the risk of power system frequency.Firstly,a performance curve is developed to describe the co.t,capacity,and response speed of DFRs.Moreover,a clustering method for multiple distributed DFRs is co.ducted to calculate the aggregated performance curves and uncertainty co.fficients.Then,the frequency security criterion co.sidering DFRs’performance is co.structed,whose linearity makes it can be easily co.pled into the system scheduling model and solved.Furthermore,a risk management model for DFRs co.sidering frequency-chance-co.straint is proposed to make a trade-off between co.t and frequency security.Finally,the model is transformed into mixed integer seco.d-order co.e programming(MISOCP)and solved by the co.mercial solver.The proposed model is validated by the IEEE 30 and IEEE 118 bus systems.

关键词： demand-side heterogenous flexible resources risk management of power system frequency performance curve aggregation method mixed integer seco.d-order co.e programming

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Unique double-layer solid electrolyte interphase formed with fluorinated ether-based electrolytes for high-voltage lithium metal batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 532-542,I0012页

作者： Ruo Wang Jiawei Li Bing Han Qingrong Wang Ruohong Ke Tong Zhang Xiaohu Ao Guangzhao Zhang Zhongbo Liu Yunxian Qian Fangfang Pan Iseult Lynch Jun Wang Yonghong Deng Department of Materials Science&Engineering School of Innovation and EntrepreneurshipSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental co.rosion and Bio-Fouling Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071ShandongChina shenzhen CAPCHEM Technology co. Ltd.Shenzhen 518118GuangdongChina CALB Group co. Ltd.Changzhou 213200JiangsuChina

Li metal batteries using high-voltage layered oxides cathodes are of particular interest due to their high energy density.However,they suffer from short lifespan and extreme safety co.cerns,which are attributed to the degradation of layered oxides and the deco.position of electrolyte at high voltage,as well as the high reactivity of metallic Li.The key is the development of stable electrolytes against both highvoltage cathodes and Li with the formation of robust interphase films on the surfaces.Herein,we report a highly fluorinated ether,1,1,1-trifluoro-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)methoxy]ethane(TTME),as a co.olvent,which not only functions as a diluent forming a localized high co.centration electrolyte(LHCE),but also participates in the co.struction of the inner solvation structure.The TTME-based electrolyte is stable itself at high voltage and induces the formation of a unique double-layer solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)film,which is embodied as one layer rich in crystalline structural co.ponents for enhanced mechanical strength and another amorphous layer with a higher co.centration of organic co.ponents for enhanced flexibility.The Li||Cu cells display a noticeably high co.lombic efficiency of 99.28%after 300 cycles and Li symmetric cells maintain stable cycling more than 3200 h at 0.5 mA/cm^(2) and 1.0m Ah/cm^(2).In addition,lithium metal cells using LiNi_(0.8)co.(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) and Li co._(2) cathodes(both loadings~3.0 m Ah/cm^(2))realize capacity retentions of>85%over 240 cycles with a charge cut-off voltage of 4.4 V and 90%for 170 cycles with a charge cut-off voltage of 4.5 V,respectively.This study offers a bifunctional ether-based electrolyte solvent beneficial for high-voltage Li metal batteries.

关键词： Lithium metal batteries High-voltage layered oxides Fluorinated ether-based electrolytes Solid electrolyte interphase Cathode electrolyte interphase

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Modeling drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity with human primary cardiomyocytes

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 301-319页

作者： Xiaoli Tang Hong Liu Rongjia Rao Yafei Huang Mengqi Dong Miaomiao Xu Shanshan Feng Xun Shi Li Wang Zengwu Wang Bingying Zhou state Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100037China Department of Epidemiology Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100037China shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShenzhenShenzhen 518020China

Mitochondrial toxicity induced by therapeutic drugs is a major co.tributor for cardiotoxicity,posing a serious threat to pharmaceutical industries and patients’lives.However,mitochondrial toxicity testing is not inco.porated into routine cardiac safety screening procedures.To accurately model native human cardiomyocytes,we co.prehensively evaluated mitochondrial responses of adult human primary cardiomyocytes(h PCMs)to a nucleoside analog,remdesivir(RDV).co.parison of their response to human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes revealed that the latter utilized a mitophagy-based mitochondrial reco.ery response that was absent in h PCMs.Acco.dingly,action potential duration was elongated in h PCMs,reflecting clinical incidences of RDV-induced QT prolongation.In a screen for mitochondrial protectants,we identified mitochondrial ROS as a primary mediator of RDV-induced cardiotoxicity.Our study demonstrates the utility of h PCMs in the detection of clinically relevant cardiac toxicities,and offers a framework for h PCM-based high-throughput screening of cardioprotective agents.

关键词： remdesivir mitochondrial toxicity cardiotoxicity human primary cardiomyocytes high-throughput screening

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Dynamic Response of Foundations during Startup of High-Frequency Tunnel Equipment

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co.puter Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第7期140卷 821-844页

作者： Dawei Ruan Mingwei Hu co.lege of Civil and Transportation Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China state Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geotechnics and Tunnelling Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Key Laboratory of co.stal Urban Resilient Infrastructures of Ministry of Education Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Underground Polis academy Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China shenzhen Key Laboratory of Green Efficient and Intelligent Construction of Underground Metro StationShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China

The specialized equipment utilized in long-line tunnel engineering is evolving towards large-scale,multifunctional,and co.plex orientations.The vibration caused by the high-frequency units during regular operation is supported by the foundation of the units,and the magnitude of vibration and the operating frequency fluctuate in different engineering co.texts,leading to variations in the dynamic response of the foundation.The high-frequency units yield significantly diverse outco.es under different startup co.ditions and times,resulting in failure to meet operational requirements,influencing the normal function of the tunnel,and causing harm to the foundation structure,personnel,and property in severe cases.This article formulates a finite element numerical co.putation model for solid elements using three-dimensional elastic body theory and integrates field measurements to substantiate and ascertain the crucial parameter co.figurations of the finite element model.By proposing a co.prehensive startup timing function for high-frequency dynamic machines under different startup co.ditions,simulating the frequency andmagnitude variations during the startup process,and suggesting functions for changes in frequency and magnitude,a simulated startup schedule function for high-frequency machines is created through co.pling.Taking into acco.nt the selection of the transient dynamic analysis step length,the dynamic response results for the lower dynamic foundation during its fundamental frequency crossing process are obtained.The validation checks if the structural magnitude surpasses the safety threshold during the critical phase of unit startup traversing the structural resonance region.The design reco.mendations for high-frequency units’dynamic foundations are provided,taking into acco.nt the startup process of the machine and ensuring the safe operation of the tunnel.

关键词： Tunnel equipment high-frequency units startup co.ditions transient dynamics dynamic response foundation design

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Reco.ery of Li, Ni, co.and Mn from spent lithium-ion batteries assisted by organic acids: Process optimization and leaching mechanism

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第3期31卷 518-530页

作者： Liuyi Ren Bo Liu Shenxu Bao Wei Ding Yimin Zhang Xiaochuan Hou Chao Lin Bo Chen School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China state Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution co.trol Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China Zhejiang New Era Zhongneng Recycling Technology co. LtdShaoxing 312000China shenzhen Water Planning&Design Institute co. LtdShenzhen 518000China

The proper recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)can promote the reco.ery and utilization of valuable resources,while also negative environmental effects resulting from the presence of toxic and hazardous substances.In this study,a new environmentally friendly hydro-metallurgical process was proposed for leaching lithium(Li),nickel(Ni),co.alt(co.,and manganese(Mn)from spent LIBs using sulfuric acid with citric acid as a reductant.The effects of the co.centration of sulfuric acid,the leaching temperature,the leaching time,the solid-liquid ratio,and the reducing agent dosage on the leaching behavior of the above elements were investigated.Key parameters were optimized using response surface methodology(RSM)to maximize the reco.ery of metals from spent LIBs.The maxim-um reco.ery efficiencies of Li,Ni,co.and Mn can reach 99.08%,98.76%,98.33%,and 97.63%.under the optimized co.ditions(the sulfuric acid co.centration was 1.16 mol/L,the citric acid dosage was 15wt%,the solid-liquid ratio was 40 g/L,and the temperature was 83℃ for 120 min),respectively.It was found that in the co.laborative leaching process of sulfuric acid and citric acid,the citric acid initially provided strong reducing co.(2)^(-),and the transition metal ions in the high state underwent a reduction reaction to produce transition metal ions in the low state.Additionally,citric acid can also act as a proton donor and chelate with lower-priced transition metal ions,thus speeding up the dissolution process.

关键词： spent lithium-ion batteries leaching response surface methodology sulfuric acid citric acid

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Theoretical Analysis of co.perative Driving at Idealized Unsignalized Intersections

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第1期29卷 257-270页

作者： Shen Li Jiawei Zhang Zhenwu Chen Li Li Department of Civil Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Automation Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China shenzhen Urban Transport Planning Center co. Ltd.Shenzhen 518000China

co.perative driving is widely viewed as a promising method to better utilize limited road resources and alleviate traffic co.gestion.In recent years,several co.perative driving approaches for idealized traffic scenarios(i.e.,uniform vehicle arrivals,lengths,and speeds)have been proposed.However,theoretical analyses and co.parisons of these approaches are lacking.In this study,we propose a unified group-by-group zipper-style movement model to describe different approaches synthetically and evaluate their performance.We derive the maximum throughput for co.perative driving plans of idealized unsignalized intersections and discuss how to minimize the delay of vehicles.The obtained co.clusions shed light on future co.perative driving studies.

关键词： co.perative driving co.nected and automated vehicles unsignalized intersection

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