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Potential dependence in electrocatalysis:a theoretical perspective

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science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 21-25页

作者： Leyu Liu Zhaoming Xia Zeyu Wang Yinjuan Chen Hai Xiao Department of Chemistry Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China fundamental science Center of Rare Earths Ganjiang Innovation AcademyChinese Academy of SciencesGanzhou 341119China Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation CenterChangzhou UniversityChangzhou 213164China

Electrocatalysis is a key technology for the new energy era and sustainable development,serving as the interface for interconversion of electrical and chemical energies,which spans a wide spectrum of applications in sustainable energy and environmental *** reactions including electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR),hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),and oxygen evolution/reduction reactions(OER/ORR),hold essential promise for renewable energy technologies as well as complement the biogeochemical carbon and oxygen cycles.

关键词： spectrum interface Electrocatalysis

Accretion disk of a white hole

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Chinese Physics C 2025年第02期 259-269页

作者：李丽仿曹周键凌意吴小宁 Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences academy of Mathematics and Systems science Chinese Academy of Sciences School of fundamental Physics and Mathematical sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUCAS Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

A white hole is simply a region of spacetime described by general relativity. Black holes are often assumed to form through star collapses. Based on such an assumption, the white hole region does not present. Recent research on quantum gravity indicates that a black hole must convert into a white one to avoid the singularity difficulty encountered in general relativity. If such a theory is true, it is important to ask how white holes can be observed. Anything inside a white hole must be pushed outside. However, if a white hole is empty, nothing will escape from it. We can only observe the interaction behavior between the objects falling outside and the white hole. In this paper, we observe that the structure of the accretion disk around a white hole is exactly the same as the one around a black hole. The only possibility to distinguish a white hole from a black one is the light passing through the white hole. The image properties of white holes for such scenarios are investigated in this paper. Based on our analysis and current observation facts, we cannot certainly determine if M87 and Sgr A*are black or white holes.

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Deterministic quantum state and gate teleportation between distant superconducting chips

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science Bulletin 2025年第3期70卷 351-358页

作者： Jiawei Qiu Yang Liu Ling Hu Yukai Wu Jingjing Niu Libo Zhang Wenhui Huang Yuanzhen Chen Jian Li Song Liu Youpeng Zhong Luming Duan Dapeng Yu Shenzhen Institute for Quantum science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China International Quantum academy Shenzhen 518048China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Center for Quantum Information Institute for Interdisciplinary Information SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Physics Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Quantum teleportation is of both fundamental interest and great practical importance in quantum information *** date,quantum teleportation has been implemented in various physical systems,among which superconducting qubits are of particular practical significance as they emerge as a leading system to realize large-scale quantum ***,scaling up the number of superconducting qubits on a single chip becomes increasing challenging because of some emergent technical *** of quantum teleportation and remote computation over qubits on distant superconducting chips is a key quantum communication technology to scaling up the system through a distributed quantum computational ***,this goal has not been realized yet in experiments due to the technical challenges including making a quantum interconnect between distant superconducting chips and the inefficient transfer of flying microwave photons over the lossy *** we demonstrate deterministic teleportation of quantum states and entangling gates between distant superconducting chips connected by a 64-m-long cable bus featuring an ultralow loss of 0.32 dB/km at cryogenic temperatures,where high fidelity remote entanglement is generated via flying microwave *** work demonstrates a prime building block for distributed quantum computation with superconducting qubits,and opens up a new avenue for waveguide quantum electrodynamics and quantum photonics at microwave frequencies.

关键词： Superconducting circuits Quantum network Quantum computing Flying microwave photon

Investigations of inelastic cross sections of H_(2)O molecule by He^(2+) and C^(6+) projectiles with energy range around the Bragg peak

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2025年第2期36卷 141-154页

作者： Guo-Zhuang Li Cheng-Ye Sun Rui Cheng Yan-Shi Zhang Liang-Wen Chen Sheng Zhang Xin-Xia Li Lei Yang School of Nuclear science and Technology University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China Advanced Energy science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Huizhou 516000China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China interdisciplinary Center for fundamental and Frontier sciences Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyJiangyin 214443China Center for Basic Teaching and Experiment Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyJiangyin 214443China School of Nuclear science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Inelastic collisions are the dominant cause of energy loss in *** the energy range around the Bragg peak,single ionization(SI)and single-electron capture(SC)are the primary inelastic collisions that lead to energy *** study employs the classical trajectory Monte Carlo method to study the SI and SC processes of H_(2)O molecules using He^(2+) and C^(6+) projectiles in the energy range of 10 keV/u to 10 MeV/*** total cross sections,single differential cross sections,impact parameter dependence of SI and SC,and fragmentation cross sections were *** illustrate that the cross section for SI is the highest when the projectile energy is close to the Bragg peak *** the projectile energy is below the Bragg peak energy,the ionized electrons in the forward direction dominate,and the removal of electrons can be associated with large impact *** the projectile energy increases,the emission angle of the electrons gradually transitions from small angles(60°~120°)to large angles(60°~120°),and the removal of electrons is associated with small impact *** energy distributions of the ionized electron are similar when the projectile energy is equal to,below or above the Bragg peak *** fragmentation cross sections after SI and SC in the energy range around the Bragg peak were also estimated.

关键词： Classical trajectory Monte Carlo Heavy ion-water molecule collision Inelastic cross sections

Mechanism by which Rab5 promotes regeneration and functional recovery of zebrafish Mauthner axons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1816-1824页

作者： Jiantao Cui Yueru Shen Zheng Song Dinggang Fan Bing Hu Center for Advanced interdisciplinary science and Biomedicine of IHM Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina

Rab5 is a GTPase protein that is involved in intracellular membrane trafficking. It functions by binding to various effector proteins and regulating cellular responses, including the formation of transport vesicles and their fusion with the cellular membrane. Rab5 has been reported to play an important role in the development of the zebrafish embryo;however, its role in axonal regeneration in the central nervous system remains unclear. In this study, we established a zebrafish Mauthner cell model of axonal injury using single-cell electroporation and two-photon axotomy techniques. We found that overexpression of Rab5 in single Mauthner cells promoted marked axonal regeneration and increased the number of intra-axonal transport vesicles. In contrast, treatment of zebrafish larvae with the Rab kinase inhibitor CID-1067700markedly inhibited axonal regeneration in Mauthner cells. We also found that Rab5 activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K) during axonal repair of Mauthner cells and promoted the recovery of zebrafish locomotor function. Additionally, rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin downstream of PI3K, markedly hindered axonal regeneration. These findings suggest that Rab5 promotes the axonal regeneration of injured zebrafish Mauthner cells by activating the PI3K signaling pathway.

关键词： axonal regeneration Mauthner cell nerve regeneration Rab5 zebrafish

Polymer Fibers Based on Dynamic Covalent Chemistry

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 2025年第2期43卷 245-260页

作者： Luzhi Zhang Xiaozhuang Zhou Xinhong Xiong Jiaxi Cui Yangtze Delta Region Institute(Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaHuzhou313001China Institute of fundamental and Frontier sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China

Polymer fibers are an important class of materials throughout human history,evolving from natural fibers such as cotton and silk to modern synthetic fibers such as nylon and *** the advancement of materials science,the development of new fibers is also *** fibers based on dynamic covalent chemistry have attracted widespread attention due to their unique reversibility and *** covalent chemistry has shown great potential in improving the spinnability of materials,achieving green preparation of fibers,and introducing self-healing,recyclability,and intelligent response properties into *** this review,we divide these fiber materials based on dynamic covalent chemistry into monocomponent fibers,composite fibers,and fiber *** preparation methods,structural characteristics,functional properties,and application performance of these fibers are *** application potential and challenges of fibers based on dynamic covalent chemistry are discussed,and their future development trends are prospected.

关键词： Dynamic covalent chemistry Monocomponent fibers Composite fibers Fiber membranes

A Correntropy-Based Echo State Network With Application to Time Series Prediction

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第2期12卷 425-435页

作者： Xiufang Chen Zhenming Su Long Jin Shuai Li the School of Information science and Engineering Lanzhou University IEEE the Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Science

As a category of recurrent neural networks, echo state networks(ESNs) have been the topic of in-depth investigations and extensive applications in a diverse array of fields, with spectacular triumphs achieved. Nevertheless, the traditional ESN and the majority of its variants are devised in the light of the second-order statistical information of data(e.g., variance and covariance), while more information is neglected. In the context of information theoretic learning, correntropy demonstrates the capacity to grab more information from data. Therefore, under the guidelines of the maximum correntropy criterion, this paper proposes a correntropy-based echo state network(CESN) in which the first-order and higher-order information of data is captured, promoting robustness to noise. Furthermore, an incremental learning algorithm for the CESN is presented, which has the expertise to update the CESN when new data arrives, eliminating the need to retrain the network from scratch. Finally, experiments on benchmark problems and comparisons with existing works are provided to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed CESN.

关键词： Correntropy echo state network (ESN) noise time series prediction

Group frames via magic states with applications to SIC-POVMs and MUBs

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2025年第1期77卷 41-53页

作者： Lingxuan Feng Shunlong Luo academy of Mathematics and Systems science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

We connect magic(non-stabilizer)states,symmetric informationally complete positive operator valued measures(SIC-POVMs),and mutually unbiased bases(MUBs)in the context of group frames,and study their *** states are quantum resources in the stabilizer formalism of quantum ***-POVMs and MUBs are fundamental structures in quantum information theory with many applications in quantum foundations,quantum state tomography,and quantum cryptography,*** this work,we study group frames constructed from some prominent magic states,and further investigate their *** method exploits the orbit of discrete Heisenberg-Weyl group acting on an initial fiducial *** quantify the distance of the group frames from SIC-POVMs and MUBs,*** a simple corollary,we reproduce a complete family of MUBs of any prime dimensional system by introducing the concept of MUB fiducial states,analogous to the well-known SIC-POVM fiducial *** present an intuitive and direct construction of MUB fiducial states via quantum T-gates,and demonstrate that for the qubit system,there are twelve MUB fiducial states,which coincide with the H-type magic *** compare MUB fiducial states and SIC-POVM fiducial states from the perspective of magic resource for stabilizer quantum *** further pose the challenging issue of identifying all MUB fiducial states in general dimensions.

关键词： Group frames magic states MUBs SIC-POVMs quantum T-gates

Optimizing electronic structure through point defect engineering for enhanced electrocatalytic energy conversion

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Green Energy & Environment 2025年第1期10卷 109-131页

作者： Wei Ma Jiahao Yao Fang Xie Xinqi Wang Hao Wan Xiangjian Shen Lili Zhang Menggai Jiao Zhen Zhou interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy science and Engineering(IRC4SE2) School of Chemical EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityHenan450001China

Point defect engineering endows catalysts with novel physical and chemical properties,elevating their electrocatalytic *** introduction of defects emerges as a promising strategy,effectively modifying the electronic structure of active *** optimization influences the adsorption energy of intermediates,thereby mitigating reaction energy barriers,altering paths,enhancing selectivity,and ultimately improving the catalytic efficiency of *** elucidate the impact of defects on the electrocatalytic process,we comprehensively outline the roles of various point defects,their synthetic methodologies,and characterization ***,we consolidate insights into the relationship between point defects and catalytic activity for hydrogen/oxygen evolution and CO_(2)/O_(2)/N_(2) reduction reactions by integrating mechanisms from diverse *** underscores the pivotal role of point defects in enhancing catalytic *** last,the principal challenges and prospects associated with point defects in current electrocatalysts are proposed,emphasizing their role in advancing the efficiency of electrochemical energy storage and conversion materials.

关键词： Point defect engineering Doping Vacancy Electrocatalysis Electronic structure