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Glycemic responses to glycemia-targeted specialized-nutrition beverages with varying carbohydrates compared to a standard nutritional beverage in adults with type 2 diabetes

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第9期4卷 1-10页

作者： Amy A. Devitt Jennifer A. Williams Yong S. Choe Deborah S. Hustead Vikkie A. Mustad abbott nutrition Abbott Laboratories Columbus USA

Background: Postprandial plasma glucose concentration is an important diabetes management target. Glycemia-targeted specialized-nutrition (GTSN) beverages, containing various quantities and types of carbohydrates (CHO), have been formulated to blunt postprandial hyperglycemia. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of these products on postprandial glycemic and hormonal responses based on comparisons of GTSN with differing carbohydrate quantities or types. Methods: In two randomized, double-blind, crossover studies, participants (mean age 61 years) with type 2 diabetes consumed GTSN in a meal tolerance test. In the CHO Quantity Study, a standard nutritional beverage (STD) was compared to a low carbohydrate nutritional beverage with tapioca dextrin (GTSN-TDX) and a balanced carbohydrate nutritional beverage containing a blend of the slowly-digesting carbohydrates maltodextrin and sucromalt (GTSN-SDC). In the CHO Type Study, the GTSN beverages had similar carbohydrate quantities but varied in carbohydrate composition with GTSN-SDC compared to a formula with tapioca starch and fructose (GTSN-TS&F), and one with isomaltulose and resistant starch (GTSN-I&RS). Postprandial (0-240 min) concentrations of blood glucose, insulin (CHO Quantity Study only) and glucagon-like-peptide (GLP)-1 (CHO Quantity Study only) were measured. Results: Despite having substantially different carbohydrate quantities, the GTSN blunted the glucose positive area under the curve (AUC0-240 min) by 65% to 82% compared to the STD formulation (p < 0.001). GTSN also elicited ~50% lower insulin positive AUC0-240 min (p < 0.05), while postprandial GLP-1 responses were increased (p = 0.018) vs. STD. In the CHO Type Study, glucose positive AUC0-240 min tended to be lower for GTSN-SDC (1477 ± 460) than GTSN-TS&F (2203 ± 412;p = 0.062) and GTSN-I&RS (2190 ± 412;p = 0.076). No differences were observed between GTSN-TS&F and GTSN-I&RS. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the effect

关键词： Diabetes Oral nutritional Supplement Glycemia-Targeted Specialized-nutrition Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Glycemic Control Low-Glycemic/Slowly-Digested Carbohydrates

Gut-liver axis in sepsis-associated liver injury:Epidemiology,challenges and clinical practice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第1期31卷 163-166页

作者： Fabiana Andréa Moura Aryana Isabelle de Almeida Neves Siqueira College of nutrition Federal University of AlagoasMaceio 57072-970AlagoasBrazil College of Medicine Federal University of AlagoasMaceio 57072-970AlagoasBrazil

Although the liver has a remarkable regenerative capacity,sepsis-associated liver injury(SLI)is a complication often seen in intensive care *** to its role in immune and inflammatory regulation,the liver is particularly vulnerable during severe *** the global prevalence,causes,and management of SLI is essential to improve outcomes and reduce healthcare *** paper aims to explore these factors,with an emphasis on identifying effective strategies for clinical *** et al’s bibliometric analysis of 787 publications(745 original articles and 42 reviews,mostly in animal models)from 2000 to 2023 highlights the growing interest in SLI,focusing on oxidative stress,gut microbiota,and inflammatory *** components such as nuclear factor-kappa B and the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 inflammasome pathway,along with their links to gut microbiota imbalance and oxidative stress,are crucial for understanding SLI *** gut-liver axis,particularly the role of intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation in liver inflammation,is *** this context,bacterial translocation is especially relevant for critically ill patients,as it can exacerbate liver *** findings underscore the need for integrated care in intensive care units,prioritizing gut health and careful antibiotic use to prevent *** extensive research,there remains a lack of clinical trials to validate therapeutic *** abundance of experimental studies highlights potential therapeutic targets,stressing the need for high-quality randomized clinical trials to translate these findings into clinical practice.

关键词： Dysbiosis Oxidative stress Inflammation Microbiota Sepsis-associated liver injury

Context-dependent role of sirtuin 2 in inflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 682-694页

作者： NoemíSola-Sevilla Maider Garmendia-Berges MCarmen Mera-Delgado Elena Puerta Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Division of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy and NutritionUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain Navarra Institute for Health Research(IdiSNA) PamplonaSpain

Sirtuin 2 is a member of the sirtuin family nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD~+)-dependent deacetylases, known for its regulatory role in different processes, including inflammation. In this context, sirtuin 2 has been involved in the modulation of key inflammatory signaling pathways and transcription factors by deacetylating specific targets, such as nuclear factor κB and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-leucine-rich-repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3). However, whether sirtuin 2-mediated pathways induce a pro-or an anti-inflammatory response remains controversial. Sirtuin 2 has been implicated in promoting inflammation in conditions such as asthma and neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that its inhibition in these conditions could be a potential therapeutic strategy. Conversely, arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus studies suggest that sirtuin 2 is essential at the peripheral level and, thus, its inhibition in these pathologies would not be recommended. Overall, the precise role of sirtuin 2 in inflammation appears to be context-dependent, and further investigation is needed to determine the specific molecular mechanisms and downstream targets through which sirtuin 2 influences inflammatory processes in various tissues and pathological conditions. The present review explores the involvement of sirtuin 2 in the inflammation associated with different pathologies to elucidate whether its pharmacological modulation could serve as an effective strategy for treating this prevalent symptom across various diseases.

关键词： interferon inflammation lipopolysaccharide neuroinflammation NLRP3 nuclear factorκB sirtuin 2

Can Emax and platelet count truly differentiate between benign and malignant liver lesions?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第3期31卷 120-122页

作者： Manjeet Kumar Goyal Omesh Goyal Department of Gastroenterology and Human nutrition Unit All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029DelhiIndia Department of Gastroenterology Dayanand Medical College and HospitalLudhiana 141001PunjabIndia

This letter critically evaluates Jiang et al's article on the differentiation of benign and malignant liver lesions using Emax and platelet *** notable findings,significant methodological and interpretative limitations are *** study lacks detailed assay conditions for Emax measurement,employs inadequate statistical methods without robust multivariate analysis,and does not provide clinically relevant threshold *** nomogram's reliance on Emax as a major diagnostic contributor is questionable due to attenuation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with ***,the study's limitations,such as selection bias and confounding factors,are not adequately *** research should adopt more rigorous methodologies,including prospective studies with larger cohorts and standardized protocols for biomarker measurement,to enhance validity and clinical applicability.

关键词： Emax Platelet count Benign liver lesions Malignant liver lesions Hepatocellular carcinoma Cirrhosis Diagnostic biomarkers Shear wave elastography Methodological limitations Clinical utility

Science as the Basis for Public Health Decisions in nutrition and Food Safety in Asia

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 1-13页

作者： KRAISID TONTISIRIN RENATA CLARKE Director Food and Nutrition DivisionNutrition OfficerFood Quality and Consumer Protection GroupFood and Nutrition DivisionFood and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRomeItaly

Worldwide,great advances have been made in public health protection over the last *** this is most cogently illustrated by the improvements in life experctancy that have been achieved in countries throughout the ***,the average life expectancy at birth from 1950 to 1955 was 46.1 years.^[1]Forty years later,this statistic increased to 64.3 *** this global average masks important differences between less and more developed countries,for all countries at all stages of development,substantial increases in life expectancy at birth have been *** Asia,the average life expectancy increased from 56.3 years to 64.5years in the two decades between 1975 and 1995,While there remains much to be done to further improve public health and well-being of the people,the achievements are *** increase in the duration and quality of life has been largely attributable to advances in science and the sensible application of these scientific and medical advances in public health services,Developments in a wide range of scientific domains continue to abound and policy makers realize that it is necessary to develop processes and procedures that reliably utilize available acientific achivements to arrive at appropriate polity decisions in nutrition and food safety.

关键词： Science as the Basis for Public Health Decisions in nutrition and Food Safety in Asia

Microbiota-host interplay at the gut epithelial level,health and nutrition

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 327-334页

作者： Jean-Paul Lallès Division of Human nutrition Division INRA Clermont-Ferrand France Human nutrition Research Center-West Nantes France

Growing evidence suggests the implication of the gut microbiota in various facets of health and disease. In this review, the focus is put on microbiota-host molecular cross-talk at the gut epithelial level with special emphasis on two defense systems： intestinal alkaline phosphatase（IAP） and inducible heat shock proteins（iHSPs）. Both IAP and iHSPs are induced by various microbial structural components（e.g. lipopolysaccharide, flagellin, CpG DNA motifs）,metabolites（e.g. n-butyrate） or secreted signal molecules（e.g., toxins, various peptides, polyphosphate）. IAP is produced in the small intestine and secreted into the lumen and in the interior milieu. It detoxifies microbial components by dephosphorylation and, therefore, down-regulates microbe-induced inflammation mainly by inhibiting NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway in enterocytes. IAP gene expression and enzyme activity are influenced by the gut microbiota. Conversely, IAP controls gut microbiota composition both directly, and indirectly though the detoxification of pro-inflammatory free luminal adenosine triphosphate and inflammation inhibition. Inducible HSPs are expressed by gut epithelial cells in proportion to the microbial load along the gastro-intestinal tract. They are also induced by various microbial components, metabolites and secreted molecules. Whether iHSPs contribute to shape the gut microbiota is presently unknown. Both systems display strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties that are protective to the gut and the host. Importantly, epithelial gene expressions and protein concentrations of IAP and iHSPs can be stimulated by probiotics, prebiotics and a large variety of dietary components, including macronutrients（protein and amino acids, especially L-glutamine, fat, fiber）, and specific minerals（e.g. calcium）and vitamins（e.g. vitamins K1 and K2）. Some food components（e.g. lectins, soybean proteins, various polyphenols） may inhibit or disturb these systems. The general cel ular and molecula

关键词： Diet Gut Inducible heat shock protein Inflammation Intestinal alkaline phosphatase Microbiota

Abbreviated Report of the WHO Western Pacific Region Workshop on National Plans of Action for nutrition: Key Elements for Success, Constraints and Future Plans

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 87-91页

作者： E-SIONG TEE Head Division of Human Nutrition

A workshop on National Plans of Action for nutrition: Constraints, Key Elements for Success, and Future Plans was convened and organized by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific in collaboration with the Institute for Medical Research Malaysia and co sponsored with FAO and UNICEF from 25—29 October 1999. It was attended by representatives of 25 countries in the region and resource persons, representatives from WHO and other international agencies. The objectives of the workshop were to review the progress of countries in developing, implementing and monitoring national plans of action for nutrition (NPANs) in the Western Pacific Region and to identify constraints and key elements of success in these efforts. Most of the countries have NPANs, either approved and implemented or awaiting official endorsement. The Plan formulation is usually multisectoral, involving several government ministries, non governmental organizations, and international agencies. Often official adoption or endorsement of the Plan comes from the head of state and cabinet or the minister of health, one to six years from the start of its formulation. The NPAN has stimulated support for the development and implementation of nutrition projects and activities, with comparatively greater involvement of and more support from government ministries, UN agencies and non-governmental agencies compared to local communities, bilateral and private sectors and research and academic institutions. Monitoring and evaluation are important components of NPANs. They are, however, not given high priority and often not built into the plan. The role of an intersectoral coordinating body is considered crucial to a country's nutrition program. Most countries have an intersectoral structure or coordinating body to ensure the proper implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The workshop identified the constraints and key elements of success in each of the four stages of the NPAN process: d

关键词： Workshop on National Plans of Action for nutrition Constraints and Future Plans Key Elements for Success Abbreviated Report of the WHO Western Pacific Region

Southeast Asian Perspectives on nutrition Needs for the New Millennium

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 75-81页

作者： E-SIONG TEE Head Division of Human Nutrition Institute for Medical Research

Over the last three decades, there has been significant changes in the lifestyles of communities, including food habits, and food purchasing and consumption patterns in the Southeast Asian region. As a result, there is a definite change in the food and nutrition issues in the region. nutritional deficiencies in many of these countries are slowly being decreased in magnitude. On the other hand, the significant proportions of the population are now faced with the other facet of the malnutrition problem, namely diet related chronic diseases. However, because of the different stages of socio economic development, the extent of each of these extremes of the malnutrition problems varies considerably between the different countries in Southeast Asia. nutrition needs in the new millennium would necessarily differ somewhat among these countries while at the same time, there would be a considerable amount of similarities. This presentation highlights several macro issues that countries in the region may focus on in the near future. Various intervention programmes have been undertaken by authorities to tackle the co existence of twin faces of malnutrition in many developing countries. It would be desirable to have a blue print of such programmes and activities in the National Plans of Action for nutrition (NPANs). The NPAN should be more than a framework or a descriptive document. It should be a tool for action, an operational plan that sets out priorities; identifies projects and activities, with details of implementation such as what, how and when; designates responsibilities and accountability for the activities; identifies resource requirements and their source; and sets out the plan for monitoring and evaluation. One of the main obstacles in the formulation and effective implementation of intervention programmes in developing countries is the lack of comprehensive data on the extent of the problems in many cases and the causes of such problems specificy to the

关键词： Developing Countries Life Style nutrition Policy Public Health Asia Southeastern Data Collection Humans International Cooperation nutrition Disorders nutrition Surveys nutritional Status Public Policy

Early Life Obesity and Diabetes: Origins in Pregnancy

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2013年第1期3卷 1-12页

作者： Kilia Yun Liu Jo May Chow Christina Sherry abbott nutrition Columbus USA abbott nutrition University of Illinois Champaign USA

The gestational period represent a critical time for influencing birth weight, infant adiposity and growth rate, all of which are important factors in the development of obesity and diabetes in adolescence and adulthood. Prior to pregnancy, the nutritional status and weight of a mother also has significant influence on these factors. During gestation, numerous maternal factors can have a negative influence on programming of the long-term health of the offspring. Rate of maternal weight gain, glucose intolerance, gestational diabetes and pre-pregnancy BMI all have significant influence on infant size and adiposity at birth. Additionally, these factors are related to the development obesity and its co-morbidities in adolescence and adulthood. Given the rates of obesity and associated health care costs, it is very timely to understand possible fetal origins of obesity and diabetes to help shape interventions.

关键词： Gestational Diabetes Pregnancy Macrosomia Gestation Weight Gain Obesity