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Geology and Lead-Sulphur Isotope Compositions of the Tongyu Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulphide Copper Deposit in the Western Part of the North Qinling Orogen, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第5期91卷 1767-1777页

作者： GONG Hujun ZHU Laimin LI Ben XIONG Xiao DING Lele State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of Geology Northwest University centre for Exploration Targeting ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (CCFS)School of Earth and Environment The University of Western Australia

The Tongyu copper deposit, located in the western part of the North Qinling Orogen, China, is one of several volcanic-hosted massive sulphide（VHMS） deposits with industrial value and is also a typical example of mineralization related to the subduction and metallogenesis during the Caledonian orogeny. We conducted systematic lead-sulphur isotope geochemical analyses of the Tongyu deposit to understand the possible ore-forming material sources and tectonic settings. Twenty-six sulphide samples yielded clustered δ^34SCDT values of 1.13‰-3.36‰, average 2.22‰, and show a tower-type distribution,implying that the sulphur of the Tongyu copper deposit mainly originated from a mantle source. The Pb isotope compositions of sulphides（^206Pb/^204Pb = 17.59225-18.56354, average 18.32020; ^207Pb/^204Pb =15.51770-15.69381, average 15.66217; ^208Pb/^204Pb= 37.99969-39.06953, average 38.52722） are close to the values of the volcanic host rocks（^206Pb/^204PbPb= 18.10678-18.26293, average 18.21158; ^207Pb/^204PbPb =15.63196-15.68188, average 15.65345; ^208Pb/^204PbPb= 38.43676-38.56360, average 38.49171）, thus consistent with the Pb in ores and volcanic host rocks having been derived from a common source that was island-arc Pb related to oceanic crust subduction. The northward subduction of the Palaeo-Qinling oceanic crust triggered dehydration of the slab, which generated a large amount of high-oxygen-fugacity aqueous hydrothermal fluid. The fluid rose into the mantle wedge, activated and extracted metallogenic material and promoted partial melting of the mantle wedge. The magma and ore-forming fluid welled up and precipitated, finally forming the Tongyu VHMS copper deposit.

关键词： VHMS-type copper deposit ore-forming material source S-Pb isotope island arc environment

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CO2 degassing and melting of metasomatized mantle lithosphere during rifting-Numerical study

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第4期10卷 1409-1420页

作者： Weronika Gorczyk Christopher M. Gonzalez University of Western Australia Centre for Exploration TargetingSchool of Earth SciencesARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid SystemsPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia School of Earth Atmosphere and EnvironmentMonash University ClaytonMelbourneVICAustralia

:Reactivation of metasomatized mantle lithosphere may occur during continental extension,which is an important component of plate *** lower most part of the metasomatized domains in the subcontinental mantle lithosphere can be locally enriched in ***,partial melting of these metasomatized domains may play a crucial role in the global carbon ***,little is known about this process and up until now few numerical constraints are *** we address this knowledge gap and use a 2-D high resolution petrological-thermomechanical model to assess lithospheric ***2 degassing and *** test 4 lithospheric thicknesses:90,110,130 and 200 km with a 10 km thick metasomatized layer at the base using CO2 of 2 wt.%in the bulk *** carbonate enriched layer is stable below^3 GPa(>110 km)for a temperature of 1300℃;therefore,we only observe degassing patterns for lithospheric models that are 130 km and 200 km *** metasomatized layer for the 130 km thick lithosphere mostly comprises carbonatite melting,whereas in the 200 km thick scenario propagation of melt development from kimberlites to carbonatites occurs as the metasomatic mantle is exhumed during *** numerical models fit well into natural rifting zones of the European Cenozoic Rift System for young(shallow)and of the North Atlantic Rift for old(thick)lithosphere.

关键词： Rifting Mantle CO2 degassing Carbonate melting

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Variation in mantle lithology and composition beneath the Ngao Bilta volcano,Adamawa Massif,Cameroon volcanic line,West-central Africa

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第2期11卷 665-677页

作者： Robert Temdjim Merlin Patrick Njombie Wagsong Arnold Julien Nzakou Tsepeng Stephen Foley Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Yaounde IP.O.Box.812 YaoundeCameroon Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and arc centre of excellence for core to crust fluid systems Macquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia

Mantle peridotites entrained as xenoliths in the lavas of Ngao Bilta in the eastern branch of the continental Cameroon Line were examined to constrain mantle processes and the origin and nature of melts that have modified the upper mantle beneath the Cameroon *** xenoliths consist mainly of lherzolite with subordinate harzburgite and *** commonly contain olivine,orthopyroxene,clinopyroxene and spinel although the dunite is *** is an essential constituent in the *** chemistry differs between the three types of peridotite:olivines have usual mantle-like Mg#of around 90 in lherzolites,but follow a trend of decreasing Mg#(to 82)and NiO(to 0.06 wt.%)that is continuous in the *** also contain orthopyroxenes and/or clinopyroxenes with low-Mg#,indicating a reaction that removes Opx and introduces Cpx,olivine,amphibole and *** is attributed to reaction with a silica-undersaturated silicate melt such as nephelinite or basanite,which originated as a low-degree melt from a depleted source as indicated by low Al2O3 and Na2O in Cpx and high Na2O/K2O in *** estimates place the xenoliths at pressures of 11–15 kbar(35–50 km)and temperatures of 863–957C,along a dynamic rift geotherm and shallower than the region where carbonate melts may *** melt/rock reactions exhibited by the Ngao Bilta xenoliths are consistent with their peripheral position in the eastern branch of the Cameroon Volcanic Line in an area of thinned crust and lithosphere beneath the Adamawa Uplift.

关键词： Cameroon volcanic line Adamawa volcanic massif Peridotite xenoliths Partial melting Melt-rock reactions

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Zircon U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotope study of intermediate-mafic sub-volcanic and intrusive rocks in the Lishui Basin in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第27期59卷 3427-3440页

作者： Lijuan Wang Jianping Huang Jinhai Yu W. L. Griffin Rucheng Wang Shaoqin Zhang Yinghe Yang Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster Ministry of Land and Resources Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province Department of Earth Sciences State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research Nanjing University Department of Earth and Planetary Science ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (CCFS) and GEMOC Key Centre Macquarie University NSW 2109Australia

Eight Mesozoic sub-volcanic and intrusive rocks in the Lishui Basin have been selected for zircon U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic analysis. The Laohutou, Datongshan,Daweizhuang, Yeshanao, Yanwaqiao, Xibeishan, Changshantou and Jianshan porphyrites yield concordant early Cretaceous ages of 130.5 ± 1.6 Ma, 136.0 ± 3.4 Ma, 132.7 ±2.7 Ma, 127.0 ± 1.9 Ma, 129.4 ± 1.7 Ma, 133.2 ± 2.1 Ma,131.1 ± 2.3 Ma and 127.4 ± 1.8 Ma, respectively. Zircon eHf(t) values for these rocks range from-3.54 to-9.11, mostly between-3.54 and-5.93, suggesting sources similar to those for coeval igneous rocks in other volcanic basins along the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. Considering the geochemical characteristics of coeval magmatic rocks in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and its adjacent areas, this paper proposes a model of slab rollback to explain the Mesozoic magmatism in the east-central part of China continent. In the middle-late Jurassic to early Cretaceous(170–135 Ma), the Pacific plate started to subduct beneath the Eurasian continent, producing a compressive tectonic setting,and magmatism progressed from coast to the inland. The magmas of this period were derived mostly from partial melting of ancient crust. After *135 Ma, the subduction weakened, and the rollback of the subducted Pacific plate produced an extensional environment. This led to the formation of volcanic basins, the partial melting of enriched mantle sources and less ancient crust, and the intrusion of voluminous intermediate-mafic igneous rocks.

关键词：锆石U-Pb定年长江中下游 Hf同位素火山盆地次火山岩侵入岩丽水基性

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Porphyry Cu deposits linked to episodic growth of an underlying parental magma chamber

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第11期63卷 1807-1816页

作者： Yuanchuan ZHENG Lu WANG Chuandong XUE Bo XU Abdul GHAFFAR Zhusen YANG Yongjun LU Limin ZHOU William L.GRIFFIN Zengqian HOU State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources and School of Earth Science and ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China arc centre of excellence for core to crust fluid systems(CCFS)-gemoc Macquarie UniversityNew South Wales 2109Australia Department of Earth Sciences Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Geological Survey of Western Australia East Perth 6004Australia centre for Exploration Targeting and Australian Research Council centre of excellence for core to crust fluid systems(CCFS) School of Earth Sciencesthe University of Western AustraliaCrawley 6009Australia National Research centre for Geoanalysis Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China

Saindak is one of the typical porphyry Cu deposits(PCDs)in the Chagai magmatic arc in ***-forming porphyries at Saindak PCD are mainly composed of ***,we use geochemistry of apatite enclosed in plagioclase phenocrysts from the ore-forming tonalite to constrain the releasing and recharging processes of S and Cl in the underlying parental magma chamber during PCD *** apatite inclusions have homogeneous intra-grain S and Cl compositions,there is significant inter-grain S and Cl variations in apatite inclusions located from core to rim in the hosting *** inter-grain S and Cl variation in apatites are coupled with the core-to-rim trends of An,FeO and Mg contents of the hosting plagioclase *** indicates that the Saindak PCD likely formed by episodic injection of primitive magmas during the growth of an underlying magma chamber,rather than by one major injection or by addition of mafic melt derived from different source *** primitive melt injection introduced essential ore-forming materials such as S and Cl,which were rapidly and effectively released to the coexisting fluids,causing *** primitive melt injection stops,signaling the end of growth of underlying magma chamber,mineralization will cease quickly although the hydrothermal system can still survive for a long ***,the later released fluids are relatively depleted in ore-forming materials,and thus have lower capability to generate ***,predominant porphyry-type mineralizations occurred during the growth rather than waning stage of a magmatic system.

关键词： Apatite Plagioclase Episodic injection Parental magma chamber Porphyry Cu deposit

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Genesis of the Gold Deposit in the Indus-Yarlung Tsangpo Suture Zone,Southern Tibet:Evidence from Geological and Geochemical Data

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第3期91卷 947-970页

作者： ZHANG Xiong DENG Xueguo YANG Zhusen HOU Zengqian ZHENG Yuanchuan LIU Yingchao ZHAO Xiaoyan XU Bo PEI Yingru ZHOU Jinsheng ZHAO Miao YUAN Jianfei School of Earth sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological Sciences Institute of Metallurgical Geology and Exploration Sichuan Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences arc centre of excellence for core to crust fluid System(CCFS) and gemoc Department Of Earth and Planetary SciencesMacquarie University

The Nianzha gold deposit, located in the central section of the Indus-Yarlung Tsangpo suture （IYS） zone in southern Tibet, is a large gold deposit （Au reserves of 25 tons with average grade of 3.08 g/t） controlled by a E-W striking fault that developed during the main stage of Indo-Asian collision （-65-41 Ma）. The main orebody is 1760 m long and 5.15 m thick, and occurs in a fracture zone bordered by Cretaceous diorite in the hanging wall to the north and the Renbu tectonic melange in the footwall to the south. High-grade mineralization occurs in a fracture zone between diorite and ultramafic rock in the Renbu tectonic melange. The wall-rock alteration is characterized by silicification in the fracture zone, serpentinization and the formation of talc and magnesite in the uitramafic unit, and chloritization and the formation of epidote and calcite in diorite. Quartz veins associated with Au mineralization can be divided into three stages. fluid inclusion data indicate that the deposit formed from H20-NaCl-organic gas fluids that homogenize at temperatures of 203℃-347℃ and have salinities of 0.35wt%-17.17wt% NaCI equivalent. The quartz veins yield δ18Ofluid values of 0.15‰-10.45‰, low δDv-SMow values （-173%o to -96%o）, and the δ13C values of-17.6‰ to -4.7‰, indicating the ore-forming fluids were a mix of metamorphic and sedimentary orogenic fluids with the addition of some meteoric and mantle-derived fluids. The pyrite within the diorite has δ34SV-CDT values of -2.9‰-1.9‰（average -1.1‰）, 206pb/204pb values of 18.47- 18.64, 207pb/204pb values of 15.64-15.74, and 208pb/204pb values of 38.71-39.27, all of which are indicative of the derivation of S and other ore-forming elements from deep in the mantle. The presence of the Nianzha, Bangbu, and Mayum gold deposits within the IYS zone indicates that this area is highly prospective for large orogenic gold deposits. We identified three types of mineralization within the IYS, namely Bangbu-type accretionary, Mayum-type micro

关键词： geology gold mineralization Nianzha Deposit Indus-Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone Tibet

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The dominant driving force for supercontinent breakup: Plume push or subduction retreat?

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第4期9卷 997-1007页

作者： Nan Zhang Zhuo Dang Chuan Huang Zheng-Xiang Li Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and crustal Evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking University Earth Dynamics Research Group ARC Center of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems(CCFS)and The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin University

Understanding the dominant force responsible for supercontinent breakup is crucial for establishing Earth＇s geodynamic evolution that includes supercontinent cycles and plate tectonics. Conventionally,two forces have been considered： the push by mantle plumes from the sub-continental mantle which is called the active force for breakup, and the dragging force from oceanic subduction retreat which is called the passive force for breakup. However, the relative importance of these two forces is unclear. Here we model the supercontinent breakup coupled with global mantle convection in order to address this question. Our global model features a spherical harmonic degree-2 structure, which includes a major subduction girdle and two large upwelling（superplume） systems. Based on this global mantle structure,we examine the distribution of extensional stress applied to the supercontinent by both subsupercontinent mantle upwellings and subduction retreat at the supercontinent peripheral. Our results show that：（1） at the center half of the supercontinent, plume push stress is ～3 times larger than the stress induced by subduction retreat;（2） an average hot anomaly of no higher than 50 K beneath the supercontinent can produce a push force strong enough to cause the initialization of supercontinent breakup;（3） the extensional stress induced by subduction retreat concentrates on a ～600 km wide zone on the boundary of the supercontinent, but has far less impact to the interior of the supercontinent. We therefore conclude that although circum-supercontinent subduction retreat assists supercontinent breakup, sub-supercontinent mantle upwelling is the essential force.

关键词： Supercontinent breakup Plume push Subduction retreat

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An Elevated Perspective: Dyke-Related Fracture Networks Analysed with Uav Photogrammetry

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第S1期90卷 54-55页

作者： Gregory DERING Steven MICKLETHWAITE Stephen J.BARNES Marco FIORENTINI Alexander CRUDEN Eric TOHVER School of Earth Sciences ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems University of Western Australia Mineral Resources Flagship CSIRO School of Earth Atmosphere and Environment Monash University

An abundance of data from seismic and geodetic monitoring has provided new insight into dyke propagation and emplacement *** studies show that faulting and fracturing is part of the magma

关键词： rock An Elevated Perspective Dyke-Related Fracture Networks Analysed with Uav Photogrammetry

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Ages, Trace Elements and Hf-Isotopic Compositions of Zircons from Claystones around the Permian-Triassic Boundary in the Zunyi Section, South China: Implications for Nature and Tectonic Setting of the Volcanism

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第6期26卷 872-882页

作者： Qiuling Gao Zhong-Qiang Chen Ning Zhang William L.Griffin Wenchen Xia Guoqing Wang Tengfei Jiang Xuefei Xia Suzanne Y.O'Reilly Exploration & Development Research Institute Zhongyuan Oilfield Company School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Australian Research Council centre of excellence for core to crust fluid systems and gemoc National Key centre Department of Earth and Planetary Science Macquarie University State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences Shandong Lunan Institute of Geo-Engineering Exploration Jianghan Oilfield Company

A growing body of evidence shows that volcanism near the Permian-Triassic boundary（PTB） may be crucial in triggering the Permian–Triassic（P–Tr） mass extinction. Thus, the ash beds near the PTB in South China may carry information on this event. Three volcanic ash layers, altered to clay, outcropped in the PTB beds in Zunyi Section, Guizhou Province, Southwest China. The U-Pb ages, trace elements, and Hf-isotope compositions of zircon grains from these three ash beds were analyzed using LA-ICPMS and LA-MC-ICPMS. The zircons are mainly magmatic in origin（241-279 Ma） except for two inherited/xenocrystic zircons（939 and 2 325 Ma）. The ages of these magmatic zircons indicate three episodes of magmatism which occurred around the MiddleLate Permian boundary（-261.5 Ma, MLPB）, the Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian boundary（-254.5 Ma, WCB）, and the PTB（-250.5 Ma）, respectively. The first two episodes of magmatism near the MLPB and WCB may be attributed to magmatic inheritance or re-deposition. All magmatic zircons share similar trace-element and Hf-isotope compositions. They have Y, Hf, Th and U contents and Nb/Ta ratios are typical of zircons from silicic calc-alkaline magmas. These zircons also exhibit enriched Hf-isotope compositions with _（εHf）（t） values of-11.4 to ＋0.2, which suggests that the three magmatic episodes involved melting of the continental crust. The more enriched Hf-isotope composition （_（εHf）（t）=-11.4--4.8） of Bed ZY13（-250.5 Ma） implies more input of ancient crustal material in the magma. Integration of the Hf-isotope and trace-element compositions of magmatic zircons suggest that these three episodes of magmatism may take place along the convergent continent margin in or near southwestern South China as a result of the closure of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean.

关键词： Permian-Triassic boundary zircon trace elements Hf isotope silicic volcanism,convergent continental margin South China.

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Possible South-Dipping Mesozoic Subduction at Southern Tethys Ocean-Constrained from Global Tectonic Reconstructions and Seismic Tomography

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第1期34卷 260-279页

作者： Peilong Yan Nan Zhang Huaiyu Yuan Liang Qi Xiaoxu Liu The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and crustal Evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China Earth Dynamics Research Group School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWA6845Australia arc centre of excellence for core to crust fluid systems Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW2109Australia

The evolution of the Tethys Ocean involved several episodes of ocean opening(including the Paleo-Tethys and Neo-Tethys) along its southern margin as terranes rifting away from eastern Gondwana. These oceans were terminated by well observed north-dipping subduction as the same terranes accreted to southern Eurasia. However, the presence of south-dipping subduction, though geologically proposed by numerous studies, have generally been omitted in the reconstruction of Tethyan evolution. Here, we synthesize the Mesozoic south-dipping subduction evolutions in the global reconstruction and focus on two potential events located along the northern edges of Southwest Borneo Block and the Woyla arc. We next evaluate their slab volumes after thermal diffusion in the current mantle. Fast velocity anomalies in the mantle beneath the same region are then converted to cold anomalies and their volumes are further estimated and compared to the volumes evaluated from these two Mesozoic south-dipping subduction. We further identify seismic fast velocity anomalies likely relevant to slab remnants of south-dipping Tethyan subduction in the present-day mantle beneath the Indian ocean and West Australia, and link them to arc systems in plate reconstructions. In addition, one more tectonic scenario relevant to the north-dipping subduction in our study region is also examined. We speculate the relationship and evolution between such south-dipping subduction and north-dipping subduction in the south of Tethys Oceans. The attempt to reconstruct intermittent south-dipping subduction systems in southern Tethys region represents an effort on assessing rifting mechanisms in the opening of the Tethys Ocean and break-up of eastern Gondwana.

关键词： Tethys south-dipping subduction reconstruction seismic prospecting

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