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Estradiol increases cortical and trabecular bone accrual and bone strength in an adolescent male-to-female mouse model of gender-affirming hormone therapy

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Bone research 2024年第1期12卷 95-106页

作者： Tian Nie Varun S.Venkatesh Suzanne Golub Kathryn S.Stok Haniyeh Hemmatian Reena Desai David J.Handelsman Jeffrey D.Zajac Mathis Grossmann Rachel A.Davey Department of Medicine Austin HealthUniversity of MelbourneHeidelbergVIC 3084Australia Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia anzac research institute University of Sydney and AndrologyConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNSW 2137Australia

The effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on the skeletal integrity and fracture risk in transitioning adolescent trans girls are unknown.To address this knowledge gap,we developed a mouse model to simulate male-to-female transition in human adolescents in whom puberty is first arrested by using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogs with subsequent estradiol treatment.Puberty was suppressed by orchidectomy in male mice at 5 weeks of age.At 3 weeks post-surgery,male-to-female mice were treated with a high dose of estradiol(~0.85 mg)by intraperitoneal silastic implantation for 12 weeks.Controls included intact and orchidectomized males at 3 weeks post-surgery,vehicle-treated intact males,intact females and orchidectomized males at 12 weeks post-treatment.Compared to male controls,orchidectomized males exhibited decreased peak bone mass accrual and a decreased maximal force the bone could withstand prior to fracture.Estradiol treatment in orchidectomized male-to-female mice compared to mice in all control groups was associated with an increased cortical thickness in the mid-diaphysis,while the periosteal circumference increased to a level that was intermediate between intact male and female controls,resulting in increased maximal force and stiffness.In trabecular bone,estradiol treatment increased newly formed trabeculae arising from the growth plate as well as mineralizing surface/bone surface and bone formation rate,consistent with the anabolic action of estradiol on osteoblast proliferation.These data support the concept that skeletal integrity can be preserved and that long-term fractures may be prevented in trans girls treated with GnRHa and a sufficiently high dose of GAHT.Further study is needed to identify an optimal dose of estradiol that protects the bone without adverse side effects.

关键词： treatment treatment strength

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Uncovering the dominant contribution of intermediate volatility compounds in secondary organic aerosol formation from biomass-burning emissions

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 150-158页

作者： Kun Li Jun Zhang David M.Bell Tiantian Wang Houssni Lamkaddam Tianqu Cui Lu Qi Mihnea Surdu Dongyu Wang Lin Du Imad El Haddad Jay G.Slowik Andre S.H.Prevot Environment research institute Shandong University Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

Organic vapors from biomass burning are a major source of secondary organic aerosols(SOAs). Previous smog chamber studies found that the SOA contributors in biomass-burning emissions are mainly volatile organic compounds(VOCs). While intermediate volatility organic compounds(IVOCs) are efficient SOA precursors and contribute a considerable fraction of biomass-burning emissions, their contribution to SOA formation has not been directly observed. Here, by deploying a newly-developed oxidation flow reactor to study SOA formation from wood burning, we find that IVOCs can contribute ～70% of the formed SOA, i.e.>2 times more than VOCs. This previously missing SOA fraction is interpreted to be due to the high wall losses of semi-volatile oxidation products of IVOCs in smog chambers. The finding in this study reveals that SOA production from biomass burning is much higher than previously thought, and highlights the urgent need for more research on the IVOCs from biomass burning and potentially other emission sources.

关键词： atmospheric chemistry biomass burning secondary organic aerosol intermediate volatility organic compounds

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C.elegans model of riboflavin transporter deficiency(RTD)disorder reveals deficits in synaptic transmission and movement

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 120-123页

作者： Ramesh K.Narayanan Gonzalo Perez-siles Kamila A.Marzec Alexandra Boyling Brent Neumann Manoj P.Menezes Marina L.Kennerson Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory ANZAC Research Institute-Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNSW 2139Australia Sydney Medical School University of SydneySydneyNSw 2050Australia anzac research institute-Sydney Local Health District SydneyNSW 2139Australia Neuroscience Program Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3800Australia TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Kids Neuroscience Children's Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadSydneyNSW2145Australia Paediatrics and Child Health The University of SydneySydneySydneyNSW 2145Australia Molecular Medicine Laboratory Concord General Repatriation HospitalSydneyNSW 2139Australia

Riboflavin transporter deficiency(RTD),previously known as Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome,is a childhoodonset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by sensory and motor neuron degeneration causing ataxia,muscle weakness,optic atrophy,and respiratory failure.Mutations in SLC52A2 and SLC52A3,solute carrier family members that encode riboflavin(RF)transporters RFVT2 and RFVT3,are known to cause RTD types 2 and 3,respectively.

关键词： RTD degeneration TD

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Unearthing old rice germplasm, illuminating a new way to improvement

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1041-1043页

作者： Xiaoming Zheng Ramaiah Venuprasad Ajay Kohli International Rice research institute

We are on the cusp of a new era, with the global pop-ulation surpassing 8 billion, and over half relying on riceas their staple food (Sasaki and Burr, 2000).Despite thisgrowing demand, rice yield per unit has seemingly plateauedfor many years (Song et al., 2022).This stagnation raisesserious concerns about future global food security, especiallyconsidering the shrinking arable land in many countries.

关键词： MUTANT

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Functional Optical Fiber Sensors Detecting Imperceptible Physical/Chemical Changes for Smart Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 268-308页

作者： Yiding Li Li Wang Youzhi Song Wenwei Wang Cheng Lin Xiangming He institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China National Engineering research Center of Electric Vehicles Beijing Institute of Technology(BIT)Beijing 100081People’s Republic of China Shenzhen Automotive research institute of BIT(Shenzhen research institute of National Engineering research Center of Electric Vehicles) Shenzhen 518118People’s Republic of China

The battery technology progress has been a contradictory process in which performance improvement and hidden risks coexist.Now the battery is still a“black box”,thus requiring a deep understanding of its internal state.The battery should“sense its internal physical/chemical conditions”,which puts strict requirements on embedded sensing parts.This paper summarizes the application of advanced optical fiber sensors in lithium-ion batteries and energy storage technologies that may be mass deployed,focuses on the insights of advanced optical fiber sensors into the processes of one-dimensional nano-micro-level battery material structural phase transition,electrolyte degradation,electrode-electrolyte interface dynamics to three-dimensional macro-safety evolution.The paper contributes to understanding how to use optical fiber sensors to achieve“real”and“embedded”monitoring.Through the inherent advantages of the advanced optical fiber sensor,it helps clarify the battery internal state and reaction mechanism,aiding in the establishment of more detailed models.These advancements can promote the development of smart batteries,with significant importance lying in essentially promoting the improvement of system consistency.Furthermore,with the help of smart batteries in the future,the importance of consistency can be weakened or even eliminated.The application of advanced optical fiber sensors helps comprehensively improve the battery quality,reliability,and life.

关键词： Smart battery Advanced embedded optical fiber sensor Battery internal physical/chemical state Quality-reliability-life characteristic

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Roles of neuronal lysosomes in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第9期19卷 1981-1983页

作者： Mattia Volta institute for Biomedicine Eurac ResearchBolzanoItaly

Therapeutic progress in neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson’s disease has been hampered by a lack of detailed knowledge of its molecular etiology.The advancements in genetics and genomics have provided fundamental insights into specific protein players and the cellular processes involved in the onset of disease.In this respect,the autophagy-lysosome system has emerged in recent years as a strong point of convergence for genetics,genomics,and pathologic indications,spanning both familial and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease.Most,if not all,genes linked to familial disease are involved,in a regulatory capacity,in lysosome function(e.g.,LRRK2,alpha-synuclein,VPS35,Parkin,and PINK1).Moreover,the majority of genomic loci associated with increased risk of idiopathic Parkinson’s cluster in lysosome biology and regulation(GBA as the prime example).Lastly,neuropathologic evidence showed alterations in lysosome markers in autoptic material that,coupled to the alpha-synuclein proteinopathy that defines the disease,strongly indicate an alteration in functionality.In this Brief Review article,I present a personal perspective on the molecular and cellular involvement of lysosome biology in Parkinson’s pathogenesis,aiming at a larger vision on the events underlying the onset of the disease.The attempts at targeting autophagy for therapeutic purposes in Parkinson’s have been mostly aimed at“indiscriminately”enhancing its activity to promote the degradation and elimination of aggregate protein accumulations,such as alpha-synuclein Lewy bodies.However,this approach is based on the assumption that protein pathology is the root cause of disease,while pre-pathology and pre-degeneration dysfunctions have been largely observed in clinical and pre-clinical settings.In addition,it has been reported that unspecific boosting of autophagy can be detrimental.Thus,it is important to understand the mechanisms of specific autophagy forms and,even more,the adjustment of specific lysosome functionalities.Indeed,lysosomes exert fine signa

关键词： alpha-synuclein autophagy LRRK2 lysosome neuroprotection neurotransmission Parkinson’s disease Rit2 synapse

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Comparative study between three carbonaceous nanoblades and nanodarts for antimicrobial applications

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 594-605页

作者： Mohamed S.Selim Ahmed M.Azzam Mohamed A.Shenashen Shimaa A.Higazy Bayaumy B.Mostafa Sherif A.El-Safty National institute for Materials Science(NIMS) 1-2-1 SengenTsukuba-ShiIbaraki-Ken 305-0047Japan Petroleum Application Department Egyptian Petroleum Research InstituteNasr City 11727Egypt Department of Environmental research Theodor Bilharz Research InstituteGizaEgypt

The design of nanostructured materials occupies a privileged position in the development and management of affordable and effective technology in the antibacterial sector.Here,we discuss the antimicrobial properties of three carbonaceous nanoblades and nanodarts materials of graphene oxide(GO),reduced graphene oxide(RGO),and single-wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)that have a mechano-bactericidal effect,and the ability to piercing or slicing bacterial membranes.To demonstrate the significance of size,morphology and composition on the antibacterial activity mechanism,the designed nanomaterials have been characterized.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),standard agar well diffusion,and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to evaluate the antibacterial activity of GO,RGO,and SWCNTs.Based on the evidence obtained,the three carbonaceous materials exhibit activity against all microbial strains tested by completely encapsulating bacterial cells and causing morphological disruption by degrading the microbial cell membrane in the order of RGO>GO>SWCNTs.Because of the external cell wall structure and outer membrane proteins,the synthesized carbonaceous nanomaterials exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains than Gram-negative and fungal microorganisms.RGO had the lowest MIC values(0.062,0.125,and 0.25 mg/mL against B.subtilis,S.aureus,and E.coli,respectively),as well as minimum fungal concentrations(0.5 mg/mL for both A.fumigatus and C.albicans).At 12 hr,the cell viability values against tested microbial strains were completely suppressed.Cell lysis and death occurred as a result of severe membrane damage caused by microorganisms perched on RGO nanoblades.Our work gives an insight into the design of effective graphene-based antimicrobial materials for water treatment and remediation.

关键词： Antimicrobial properties Nanoblades Mechano-bactericidal effect RGO nanosheets Gram-positive bacteria Cell viability

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Virus-like nanoparticle vaccines for inducing long-lasting immunity against infectious diseases

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 13-15页

作者： Yi-Nan Zhang Sarah Auclair Jiang Zhu Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology The Scripps Research Institute Department of Immunology and Microbiology The Scripps Research Institute

Prophylactic vaccines that can generate long-lasting protective immune responses are needed for many infectious diseases. Efficient vaccination requires vaccine antigens to be retained and presented to B cells in lymp...

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Optimal search path planning of UUV in battlefeld ambush scene

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 541-552页

作者： Wei Feng Yan Ma Heng Li Haixiao Liu Xiangyao Meng Mo Zhou Naval research institute Beijing100161China

Aiming at the practical application of Unmanned Underwater Vehicle(UUV)in underwater combat,this paper proposes a battlefield ambush scene with UUV considering ocean current.Firstly,by establishing these mathematical models of ocean current environment,target movement,and sonar detection,the probability calculation methods of single UUV searching target and multiple UUV cooperatively searching target are given respectively.Then,based on the Hybrid Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization(HQPSO)algorithm,the path with the highest target search probability is found.Finally,through simulation calculations,the influence of different UUV parameters and target parameters on the target search probability is analyzed,and the minimum number of UUVs that need to be deployed to complete the ambush task is demonstrated,and the optimal search path scheme is obtained.The method proposed in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of UUV in the future combat.

关键词： Battlefield ambush Optimal search path planning UUV path Planning Probability of cooperative search

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Combined Treatment with Bojungikgi-tang(Buzhong Yiqi Decoction) and Riluzole Attenuates Cell Death in TDP-43-Expressing Cells

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第7期30卷 616-622页

作者： Eun Jin Yang Department of KM Science research Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine

Objective: To examine the effect of combined treatment with Bojungikgi-tang(BJIGT, Buzhong Yiqi Decoction) and riluzole(RZ) in transactive response DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43) stress granule(SG) cells, a amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) cell line using transcriptomic and molecular techniques. Methods: TDP-43 SG cells were pretreated with BJIGT(100 μg/mL), RZ(50 μmol/L), and combined BJIGT(100 μg/mL)/RZ(50 μmol/L) for 6 h before treatment with lipopolysaccharide(LPS, 200 μmol/L). Cell viability assay was performed to elucidate cell toxicity in TDP-43 SC cells using a cell-counting kit-8(CCK8) assay kit. The expression levels of cell death-related proteins, including Bax, caspase 1, cleaved caspase 3 and DJ1 in TDP-43 SG cells were examined by Western blot analysis. The autophagy-related proteins, including pmTOR/mTOR, LC3b, P62, ATG7 and Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3(Bag3) were investigated using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays. Results: Cell viability assay and Western blot analysis showed that combined treatment with BJIGT and RZ suppressed LPS-induced cell death and expression of cell death-related proteins, including Bax, caspase 1, and DJ1(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays showed that combined treatment with BJIGT and RZ reduced LPS-induced formation of TDP-43 aggregates and regulated autophagy-related protein levels, including p62, light chain 3b, Bag3, and ATG7, in TDP-43-expressing cells(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: The combined treatment of BJIGT and RZ might reduce inflammation and regulate autophagy dysfunction in TDP-43-induced ALS.

关键词： Bojungikgi-tang Buzhong Yiqi Decoction transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 autophagy oxidative stress amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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