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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第6期70卷 54-62页

作者： Qingyu Zhang Leming Cheng Kun Li Qixun Kang Qiang Guo Chaogang Wu Institute for Thermal Power Engineering State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy UtilizationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Dongfang Boiler Group Co.Ltd. Zigong 643001China

A multitracer-gas method was proposed to study the secondary air(SA)mixing along the bed height in a circulating fluidized bed(CFB)using carbon monoxide(CO),oxygen(O_(2)),and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))as tracer *** were carried out on a cold CFB test rig with a cross-section of 0.42 m×0.73 m and a height of 5.50 *** effects of superficial velocity,SA ratio,bed inventory,and particle diameter on the SA mixing were *** results indicate that there are some differences in the measurement results obtained using different tracer gases,wherein the deviation between CO and CO_(2) ranges from 42%to 66%and that between O_(2) and CO_(2) ranges from 45%to 71%in the lower part of the fluidized ***,these differences became less pronounced as the bed height ***,the high solid concentration and fine particle diameter in the CFB may weaken the *** measurement results of different tracer gases show the same trends under the variation of operating *** superficial velocity and SA ratio and decreasing particle diameter result in better mixing of the *** effect of bed inventory on SA mixing is not monotonic.

关键词： Circulating fluidized bed Secondary air injection Gas mixing Multitracer-gas method

Effect of structural characteristics on the transport characteristics of solid particles in the thermal storage and release system of circulating fluidized bed

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 22-31页

作者： Zengcai Ji Guoliang Song Zihua Tang Liwei Sun Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Dalian National Laboratory for clean energy Dalian116023China

Coal-fired power generation stands as the most economically viable modulating power source in present-day *** holds the potential to offer prospective solutions to the challenges posed by the rapid expansion of intermittent,unpredictable,and unstable renewable energy *** particle thermal storage technology emerges as an effective means to enhance the flexibility of coal-fired circulating fluidized bed power *** attain an optimized structure for the solid particle thermal storage and release system in circulating fluidized bed units,experimental research was conducted on a 0.1 MWth circulating fluidized bed test *** study delved into the impact of ash storage bin geometries and the shapes of their feed-discharge valves on the control properties of solid particle *** experimental outcomes reveal that employing inverted m-shaped valve and dual U-shaped valves for feed control,alongside U-shaped valves and N-shaped valves for discharge control,both enable efficient and rapid storage and release of solid particles within the circulating fluidized *** similar air distribution conditions,the inverted m-shaped valve exhibits lower conveying energy consumption than the dual U-shaped valves,while the N-shaped valve excels in control characteristics over the U-shaped ***,the inverted m-shaped valve and the N-shaped valve demonstrate optimal overflow port heights,and the ash storage bin exhibits an optimum height-to-diameter ratio.

关键词： Solid particle Thermal storage System structure Transport regulation

The effect of salt anion in ether‐based electrolyte for electrochemical performance of sodium‐ion batteries:A case study of hard carbon

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Carbon energy 2024年第8期6卷 285-297页

作者： Jiabao Li Jingjing Hao Quan Yuan Ruoxing Wang Frederick Marlton Tianyi Wang Chengyin Wang Xin Guo Guoxiu Wang College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsuChina School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Centre for Clean Energy TechnologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia

Compared with the extensively used ester‐based electrolyte,the hard carbon(HC)electrode is more compatible with the ether‐based counterpart in sodium‐ion batteries,which can lead to improved cycling stability and robust rate ***,the impact of salt anion on the electrochemical performance of HC electrodes has yet to be fully *** this study,the anionic chemistry in regulating the stability of electrolytes and the performance of sodium‐ion batteries have been systematically *** work shows discrepancies in the reductive stability of the anionic group,redox kinetics,and component/structure of solid electrolyte interface(SEI)with different salts(NaBF_(4),NaPF_(6),and NaSO_(3)CF_(3))in the typical ether solvent(diglyme).Particularly,the density functional theory calculation manifests the preferred decomposition of PF_(6)−due to the reduced reductive stability of anions in the solvation structure,thus leading to the formation of NaF‐rich *** investigation on redox kinetics reveals that the NaPF_(6)/diglyme can induce the fast ionic diffusion dynamic and low charge transfer barrier for HC electrode,thus resulting in superior sodium storage performance in terms of rate capability and cycling life,which outperforms those of NaBF_(4)/diglyme and NaSO_(3)CF_(3)/***,this work offers valuable insights for optimizing the electrochemical behaviors of electrode materials by regulating the anionic group in the electrolyte.

关键词： ether‐based electrolyte reaction kinetics salt anion SEI components sodium storage

High-Voltage and Fast-Charging Lithium Cobalt Oxide Cathodes: From Key Challenges and Strategies to Future Perspectives

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 105-127页

作者： Gongrui Wang Zhihong Bi Anping Zhang Pratteek Das Hu Lin Zhong-Shuai Wu State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China Dalian National Laboratory for clean energy Chinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with the“double-high”characteristics of high energy density and high power density are in urgent demand for facilitating the development of advanced portable ***,the lithium ion(Li+)-storage performance of the most commercialized lithium cobalt oxide(LiCoO_(2),LCO)cathodes is still far from satisfactory in terms of high-voltage and fast-charging capabilities for reaching the double-high ***,we systematically summarize and discuss high-voltage and fast-charging LCO cathodes,covering in depth the key fundamental challenges,latest advancements in modification strategies,and future perspectives in this *** and elaborated discussions are first presented on key fundamental challenges related to structural degradation,interfacial instability,the inhomogeneity reactions,and sluggish interfacial *** provide an instructive summary of deep insights into promising modification strategies and underlying mechanisms,categorized into element doping(Li-site,cobalt-/oxygen-site,and multi-site doping)for improved Li+diffusivity and bulkstructure stability;surface coating(dielectrics,ionic/electronic conductors,and their combination)for surface stability and conductivity;nanosizing;combinations of these strategies;and other strategies(i.e.,optimization of the electrolyte,binder,tortuosity of electrodes,charging protocols,and prelithiation methods).Finally,forward-looking perspectives and promising directions are sketched out and insightfully elucidated,providing constructive suggestions and instructions for designing and realizing high-voltage and fast-charging LCO cathodes for next-generation double-high LIBs.

关键词： Lithium cobalt oxide High energy/power density Fast-charging High-voltage Lithium-ion battery

Bubble dynamics properties of B-particles in a quasi-2D gas-solid fluidized bed:Computational particle fluid dynamics numerical simulation and post-processed by digital image analysis technique

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 223-238页

作者： Zemin Yuan Zhong Huang Guotao Qin Guanjia Zhao Suxia Ma Hairui Yang Guangxi Yue Key Laboratory of clean and Efficient Combustion and Utilization in the Circulating Fluidized Bed Taiyuan University ofTechnologyTaiyuan030024China Department of energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084.China

Bubble dynamics properties play a crucial and significant role in the design and optimization of gas-solid fluidized *** this study,the bubble dynamics properties of four B-particles were investigated in a quasi-two-dimensional(quasi-2D)fluidized bed,including bubble equivalent diameter,bubble size distribution,average bubble density,bubble aspect ratio,bubble hold-up,bed expansion ratio,bubble radial position,and bubble *** studies were performed by computational particle fluid dynamics(CPFD)numerical simulation and post-processed with digital image analysis(DIA)technique,at superficial gas velocities ranging from 2u_(mf) to 7u_(mf).The simulated results shown that the CPFD simulation combining with DIA technique post-processing could be used as a reliable method for simulating bubble dynamics properties in quasi-2D gas-solid fluidized ***,it seemed not desirable for the simulation of bubble motion near the air distributor at higher superficial gas velocity from the simulated average bubble density *** superficial gas velocity significantly affected the bubble equivalent diameter and evolution,while it had little influence on bubble size distribution and bubble aspect ratio distribution for the same *** time-averaged bubble hold-up and bed expansion ratio increased with the increase of superficial gas *** core-annular flow structures could be found in the fluidized bed for all *** average bubble rising velocity increased with the increasing bubble equivalent *** bubble lateral movement,the smaller bubbles might be more susceptible,and superficial gas velocity had a little influence on the absolute lateral velocity of *** simulated results presented a valuable and novel approach for studying bubble dynamics *** comprehensive understanding of bubble dynamics behaviors in quasi-2D gas-solid fluidized beds would provide support in the design,operation,and optimization of gas-solid

关键词： Bubble dynamics properties CPFD simulation Quasi-2D gas-solid fluidized bed Digital image analysis

Recent advances and key perspectives of in-situ studies for oxygen evolution reaction in water electrolysis

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Green energy & Environment 2024年第10期9卷 1497-1517页

作者： Yi Wang Zichen Xu Xianhong Wu Zhong-Shuai Wu State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijingshan District Dalian National Laboratory for clean energy Chinese Academy of Sciences

Electricity-driven water splitting to produce hydrogen is one of the most efficient ways to alleviate energy crisis and environmental pollution problems, in which the anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER) is the key half-reaction of performance-limiting in water splitting. Given the complicated reaction process and surface reconstruction of the involved catalysts under actual working conditions, unraveling the real active sites, probing multiple reaction intermediates and clarifying catalytic pathways through in-situ characterization techniques and theoretical calculations are essential. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in understanding the catalytic process, unlocking the water oxidation active phase and elucidating catalytic mechanism of water oxidation by various in-situ characterization techniques. Firstly, we introduce conventionally proposed traditional catalytic mechanisms and novel evolutionary mechanisms of OER, and highlight the significance of optimal catalytic pathways and intrinsic stability. Next, we provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental working principles,different detection modes, applicable scenarios, and limitations associated with the in-situ characterization techniques. Further, we exemplified the in-situ studies and discussed phase transition detection, visualization of speciation evolution, electronic structure tracking, observation of reaction active intermediates, and monitoring of catalytic products, as well as establishing catalytic structure–activity relationships and catalytic mechanism. Finally, the key challenges and future perspectives for demystifying the water oxidation process are briefly proposed.

关键词： In-situ studies Water splitting Oxygen evolution reaction Catalytic mechanism

Converting intercalation-type cathode in spent lithium-ion batteries into conversion-type cathode

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4602-4609页

作者： Dingding Zhu Yong Su Jingzhao Chen Xiangze Ou Xuedong Zhang Wen Xie Yuyan Zhou Yunna Guo Qiushi Dai Peng Jia Jitong Yan Lin Geng Baiyu Guo Liqiang Zhang Yongfu Tang Qiao Huang Jianyu Huang School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China clean Nano energy Center State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologyYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066000China

The widespread applications of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)generate tons of spent ***,recycling LIBs is of paramount importance in protecting the environment and saving the *** commercialized LIBs mostly adopt layered oxides such as LiCoO_(2)(LCO)or LiNi_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(1-x-y)O_(2)(NMC)as the cathode *** the intercalation-type spent oxides into conversion-type cathodes(such as metal fluorides(MFs))offers a valid recycling strategy and provides substantially improved energy densities for ***,two typical Co-based cathodes,LCO and LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NMC622),in spent LIBs were successfully converted to CoF_(2) and(Ni_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(z))F_(2) cathodes by a reduction and fluorination *** as converted CoF_(2) and(Ni_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(z))F_(2) delivered cell energy densities of 650 and 700 Wh/kg,*** atomic-level electron microscopy revealed that the used LCO and NMC622 were converted to highly phase pure Co metal and Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2) alloys in the used graphite-assisted reduction roasting,simultaneously producing the important product of Li_(2)CO_(3) using only environment friendly *** study provided a versatile strategy to convert the intercalation-type Co-based cathode in the spent LIBs into conversion-type MFs cathodes,which offers a new avenue to recycle the spent LIBs and substantially increase the energy densities of next generation LIBs.

关键词： spent lithium-ion batteries recycling energy densities conversion-type cathode

Built defects of homogeneous junction to enhance the lithium storage capacity of niobium pentoxide materials

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 730-737页

作者： Huibin Ding Yang Luo Zihan Song Cong Chen Kai Feng Xiaofei Yang Hongzhang Zhang Xianfeng Li Division of energy Storage National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Chemistry&Engineering Yantai UniversityYantai 264005ShandongChina

Niobium pentoxide(Nb_(2)O_(5))is deemed one of the promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)for its outstanding intrinsic fast Li-(de)intercalation *** specific capacity,however,is still limited,because the(de)intercalation of excessive Li-ions brings the undesired stress to damage Nb_(2)O_(5) *** increase the capacity of Nb_(2)O_(5) and alleviate the lattice distortion caused by stress,numerous homogeneous H-and M-phases junction interfaces were proposed to produce coercive stress within theNb_(2)O_(5)*** interfaces bring about rich oxygen vacancies with structural shrinkage tendency,which pre-generate coercive stress to resist the expansion stress caused by excessive Li-ions ***,the synthesized Nb_(2)O_(5) achieves the highest lithium storage capacity of 315 mA h g−1 to date,and exhibits high-rate performance(118 mA h g^(-1) at 20 C)as well as excellent cycling stability(138 mA h g^(-1) at 10 C after 600 cycles).

关键词： Niobiumpent oxide Homojunction polycrystalline Defects Oxygen vacancy

Effect of different operation conditions on PCDD/F inhibition by ammonium dihydrogen phosphate:concentrations,distributions and mechanisms

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable energy 2024年第1期6卷 11-23页

作者： Jiayao Wu Weican Xiang Xiaoxiao Wang Wenlong Song Yuxuan Ying Xiaoqing Lin Xiaodong Li State Key Laboratory of clean energy Utilization National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and EquipmentInstitute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027ZhejiangChina

Phosphorus-containing compounds are considered as the potential alternatives of traditional inhibitors for suppressing the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs),but the suppression characteristics are scarcely *** this study,ammonium dihydrogen phosphate(ADP)was selected as the inhibitor to inhibit the PCDD/F formation via de novo synthesis at 350℃.The influence of oxygen content and addition method on PCDD/F inhibition was systematically investigated by means of statistical analysis and morphological *** results showed that oxygen enhanced the formation of PCDD/Fs from 1470 ng g^(−1)(9.78 ng I-TEQ g^(−1))to 2110 ng g^(−1)(14.8 ng I-TEQ g^(−1)).ADP significantly inhibited the PCDD/F formation,with inhibition efficiencies ranging from 82.0%to 97.7%.Herein,a higher oxygen content and the premixed way intensified the suppression ***-p-dioxin(DD)/dibenzofuran(DF)chlorination was proven to be effectively suppressed while chlorophenol(CP)route was not obviously *** the addition of ADP,Cl source was significantly reduced and the formation of organic Cl was effectively ***,it decreased the proportion of C–O/C=N and C=O,revealing the efficient inhibition of carbon ***,the formation of copper phosphate and copper pyrophosphate was observed in XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy)spectra,indicating that the catalytic metal Cu was chelated and passivated by *** premixed way had a better effect on reducing Cl resources,inhibiting oxidation and chelating metals,due to the direct contact with ***,the separation method could only depend on the decomposed gases,resulting in a lower inhibition efficiency.

关键词： Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuran inhibition Oxygen content Adding way Mechanisms

Electron engineering of nickel phosphide for Ni^(δ+) in electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 4864-4871页

作者： Jie Hu Hao Huang Miao Yu Shuang Wang Jinping Li College of Environmental Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyJinzhong 030600China School of Sustainable energy Materials and Science Jinhua Advanced Research InstituteJinhua 321000China Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas energy Efficient and clean Utilization Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China

The electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia(ENRA)provides an efficient approach to remove nitrate pollution and achieve ammonia production ***,inspired by bio-enzyme in denitrifying bacteria,a carbon-coated nickel phosphide(NiPC)nanosheet derived from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)is proposed as an efficient catalyst for *** electron engineering,controllable Ni^(δ+)in nickel phosphide is achieved by regulating the degree of phosphating,which enhances its activity for the hydrogenation of *** the result,Niδ+becomes one of dominating factors determining the efficiency of the ENRA reaction in nickel *** optimal NiPC catalyst exhibits impressive property toward ENRA:NH_(4)^(+)Faraday efficiency of 96.68%,NH4+selectivity of 99.04%,and nitrate conversion rate of 90.43%under low nitrate concentration(200 mg·L^(−1)).This work opens a new avenue for the design of next-generation catalysts through electron engineering for ENRA.

关键词： electron engineering transition metal phosphide nitrate reduction ammonia production metal-organic frameworks