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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2016年第2期6卷 21-33页

作者： Geoffroy Auvert Marine Auvert Grenoble alp University Grenoble France University of Strasbourg Strasbourg France

Although atom configuration in crystals is precisely known thanks to imaging techniques, there is no experimental way to know the exact location of bonds or charges. Many different representations have been proposed, yet no theory to unify conceptions. The present paper describes methods to derive bonds and charge location in double-face-centered cubic crystals with 4 and 6 atoms per unit cell using two novel rules introduced in earlier works: the even-odd and the isoelectronicity rules. Both of these rules were previously applied to ions, molecules and some solids, and the even-odd rule was also tested on two covalent crystal structures: centered-cubic and single-face-centered cubic crystals. In the present study, the diamond-like structure was subjected to the isoelectronicity rule in order to derive Zinc-blende structures. Rock-salt-like crystals were derived from each other using both rules. These structures represent together more than 230 different crystals. Findings for these structures are threefold: both rules describe a very sure method to obtain valid single covalent-bonded structures;single covalent structures can be used in every case instead of the classical ionic model;covalent bonds and charges positions do not have any relation with the valence number given in the periodic table.

关键词： Covalent Bond Even-Odd Rule Single Bond Chemical Structure Crystal Solid Ionic Crystal Face-Centered Crystal Diamond-Like

A Minimal Subset of Features Using Feature Selection for Handwritten Digit Recognition

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Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications 2017年第4期9卷 55-68页

作者： Areej Alsaafin Ashraf Elnagar ML & alp Research Group Department of Computer Science University of Sharjah UoS Sharjah UAE

Many systems of handwritten digit recognition built using the complete set of features in order to enhance the accuracy. However, these systems lagged in terms of time and memory. These two issues are very critical issues especially for real time applications. Therefore, using Feature Selection (FS) with suitable machine learning technique for digit recognition contributes to facilitate solving the issues of time and memory by minimizing the number of features used to train the model. This paper examines various FS methods with several classification techniques using MNIST dataset. In addition, models of different algorithms (i.e. linear, non-linear, ensemble, and deep learning) are implemented and compared in order to study their suitability for digit recognition. The objective of this study is to identify a subset of relevant features that provides at least the same accuracy as the complete set of features in addition to reducing the required time, computational complexity, and required storage for digit recognition. The experimental results proved that 60% of the complete set of features reduces the training time up to third of the required time using the complete set of features. Moreover, the classifiers trained using the proposed subset achieve the same accuracy as the classifiers trained using the complete set of features.

关键词： Digit Recognition Real Time Feature Selection Machine Learning Classification MNIST

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愚公要移阿尔卑斯山

小哥白尼（趣味科学） 2008年第9期 14-17页

作者：小静 alp Transit Gotthard Ltd

你知道愚公移山的故事吗?那是说一户人家对面有两座大山,交通非常困难,于是家中年过九十的老翁决定把这两座大山移走!别以为这只是一个很古老、很古老的故事,现如今。

关键词：阿尔卑斯山地龙隧道顶瑞士人愚公岩石安全保障凝土地质情况炸药

The Influence of Feeding Regimen on the Composition of the Fat Pads in the Bovine Digital Cushion

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第9期6卷 889-899页

作者： Martha Raber Vera Letter Andre Chassot Hans Geyer Martin R.L.Scheeder Consulting and Health Service for Small Ruminants HerzogenbuchseeSwitzerland Institute of Veterinary Anatomy University ZurichSwitzerland Clinic Aarau West OberentfeldenSwitzerland Federal Research Station for Animal Production ALPPosieuxSwitzerland Institute of Animal Science ETH Zurich(Now)Applied SciencesSchool of AgricultureForest and Food SciencesZollikofenUniversity of BernSwitzerland

The effect of an intensive/extensive feeding regimen on lipid content and fatty acid composition of the bovine digital cushion was investigated in 32 beef cattle of both genders, divided in 2 groups (16 per intensive/extensive feeding). The beef cattle were calves of different suckler cow husbandries. After the separation from their mothers at the age of 10 months, they were differently fed for 5 months. The animals were slaughtered at the age of 15 months with a mean body weight of 450 kg. The macroscopic claw examination of all beef cattle was made at two defined claws at the beginning of the trial and after slaughter. For applicatory reasons, the fat pads of the claws could only be prepared after slaughter. Samples from fat pads at defined locations of the digital cushion were analysed for lipid content and fatty acid composition determination. Additionally, samples from the digital cushions and few samples of subcutaneous tissue of 9 dairy cows served as comparison. These slaughterhouse cows were mainly fed with hay and grass;further data however were not available. The digital fat pads and the subcutaneous fat of both groups showed obvious differences in the fat content and the fatty acid composition. The fat pads of the intensive fed animals contained fewer lipids and more omega-6-fatty acids. The extensive fed animals had distinctly more omega-3-fatty acids. In the subcutaneous fat of the intensive fed animals, more omega-6-fatty could be found and more omega-3-fatty acids in the extensive fed animals. These results indicate that the feeding can influence the lipid content and the fatty acid composition. The macroscopic hoof horn quality grade of the intensive fed group was better than the extensive fed group. The digital pads of the dairy cows contained more lipids, more monounsaturated fatty acids and less omega-6-fatty acids.

关键词： Suckler Cow Husbandry Claws Nutrition Fatty Acids

Sugar concentration influences decision making in Apis mellifera *** during early-stage honey storage behaviour

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2013年第3期3卷 210-218页

作者： Mark K.Greco Johann Lang Peter Gallmann Nicholas Priest Edward Feil Karl Crailsheim Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of BathBathUK INVERT Group Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of BathBathUK Department für Klinische Veterinarmedizin Vetsuisse-FakultatUniversitat BernBernSwitzerland Swiss Bee Research Institute Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux Research Station(ALP)BernSwitzerland Institute for Zoology at the Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz Austria

Decision making in honeybees is based on information which is acquired and processed in order to make choices between two or more alternatives. These choices lead to the expression of optimal behaviour strategies such as floral constancy. Optimal foraging strategies such as floral constancy improve a colony’s chances of survival, however to our knowledge, there has been no research on decision making based on optimal storage strategies. Here we show, using diagnostic radioentomology, that decision making in storer bees is influenced by nectar sugar concentrations and that, within 48 hours of collection, honeybees workers store carbohydrates in groups of cells with similar sugar concentrations in a nonrandom way. This behaviour, as evidenced by patchy spatial cell distributions, would help to hasten the ripening process by reducing the distance between cells of similar sugar concentrations. Thus, colonies which exhibit optimal storage strategies such as these would have an evolutionary advantage and im- prove colony survival expectations over less efficient colonies and it should be plausible to select colonies that exhibit these preferred traits.

关键词： Honey Floral Constancy Nectar Foraging Behaviour Decision Making

First detection of viruses in Africanized honey bees from Peru

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Virologica Sinica 2014年第5期29卷 321-323页

作者： Orlando Yaez Graciano Tejada Peter Neumann Institute of Bee Health University of Bern Schwarzenburgstrasse 161Bern CH-3003Switzerland Swiss Bee Research Centre Federal Department of Economic Affairs EVD.Research Station Agroscope-Haras Liebefeld-Posieux ALP Schwarzenburgstrasse 161Bern CH-3003Switzerland Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria del Peru(Senasa) Av.La Molina 1915 La MolinaLimaPeru Social Insect Research Group Zoology and Entomology DepartmentUniversity of Pretoria Private Bag X20 HatfieldPretoria 0028South Africa

Dear Editor,The ability of the Western honey bee,Apis mellifera,to adapt to most climates of the world and the ongoing standardization of colony management has made this species of honey bees the most important species for crop *** recent years,Peru emerged as a main exporter of industrial *** industry is mainly concentrated in the Peruvian coastal region,because the local climate permits off-season production

关键词： honey mellifera Apis season colony adapt coastal crops emerged concentrated

历史建筑绿色改造国际背景中的槟城与武汉案例研究

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世界建筑 2022年第8期 44-50页

作者：肖伟梁碧莲宋奕汤小亮中信建筑设计研究总院 LEONG PL建筑师事务所 alp ERFECT DESIGN SDN BHD设计公司中信建筑设计研究总院古建研究中心

在历史建筑的绿色改造方面,欧美国家积累了一系列先行理论与实践经验,并为亚洲国家的相关发展提供了国际背景。马来西亚槟城琼崖海棠酒店与中国武汉平和打包厂的绿色可持续保护与改造再利用项目不仅是亚洲不同国家在此领域中所获成绩与... 详细信息

在历史建筑的绿色改造方面,欧美国家积累了一系列先行理论与实践经验,并为亚洲国家的相关发展提供了国际背景。马来西亚槟城琼崖海棠酒店与中国武汉平和打包厂的绿色可持续保护与改造再利用项目不仅是亚洲不同国家在此领域中所获成绩与现实发展状况的缩影,也可供亚洲各国相互学习借鉴。

关键词：历史建筑绿色改造国际背景琼崖海棠酒店平和打包厂

Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on biological characteristics of osteoblasts

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2003年第4期6卷 229-233页

作者：曾晖杜靖远郑启新段德宇刘勇熊奡康斌刘国平 Department of Orthopedics Shenzhen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing UniversityShenzhen 518036China Department of Orthopedics Xiehe HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Department of Orthopedics Shenzhen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing UniversityShenzhen 518036Chinabjective: To elucidate the effects of exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) on biological characteristics of rat osteoblasts cultured in vitro.Methods: The osteoblasts isolated from a Sprague-Dawley rat and cultured in vitro were treated with different concentrations of bFGF (5-50 ng/ml) respectively. At 24 hours after treatment the proliferating cell nuclear antigen was measured with immunocytochemistry alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) activity was determined and the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) was detected to observe the effects of bFGF on growth and differentiation of osteoblasts. Results: bFGF ( 5-50 ng/ml ) could obviously promote the growth of osteoblasts. The intracellular expression of TGF-β mRNA increased significantly but the intracellular ALP content decreased.Conclusions: bFGF can obviously stimulate the proliferation of osteoblasts and promote the synthesis of TGF-β1 but cannot promote the differentiation of osteoblasts.

Objective: To elucidate the effects of exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) on biological characteristics of rat osteoblasts cultured in vitro.Methods: The osteoblasts isolated from a Sprague-Dawley rat and cultured in vitro were treated with different concentrations of bFGF (5-50 ng/ml) respectively. At 24 hours after treatment, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen was measured with immunocytochemistry, alkaline phosphatase ( alp) activity was determined and the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) was detected to observe the effects of bFGF on growth and differentiation of osteoblasts. Results: bFGF ( 5-50 ng/ml ) could obviously promote the growth of osteoblasts. The intracellular expression of TGF-β, mRNA increased significantly, but the intracellular alp content decreased.Conclusions: bFGF can obviously stimulate the proliferation of osteoblasts and promote the synthesis of TGF-β1, but cannot promote the differentiation of osteoblasts.

关键词： Osteoblasts Fibroblast growth factor, basic Transforming growth factor beta Gene expression

Future for inertial-fusion energy in Europe:a roadmap

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2023年第6期11卷 162-192页

作者： Dimitri Batani Arnaud Colaitis Fabrizio Consoli Colin N.Danson Leonida Antonio Gizzi Javier Honrubia Thomas Kühl Sebastien Le Pape Jean-Luc Miquel Jose Manuel Perlado R.H.H.Scott Michael Tatarakis Vladimir Tikhonchuk Luca Volpe Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA) Universitéde Bordeaux±CNRS±CEATalence cedexFrance ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security DepartmentC.R.FrascatiFrascatiItaly AWE AldermastonReadingUK Centre for Inertial Fusion Studies Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondonUK Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR-INO)PisaItaly ETSIAE Universidad Politecnica de Madrid MadridSpain GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH DarmstadtGermany Laboratoire pour l’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses(LULI) CNRS±Ecole PolytechniquePalaiseau cedexFrance alp Le BarpFrance and CEA/DAMÎle de FranceBruyères le ChâtelArpajon cedexFrance Instituto Fusión NuclearªGuillermo Velardeº(IFN-GV) Universidad Politecnica de MadridMadridSpain Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell OxfordOxfordshireUK Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers University Research and Innovation CentreHellenic Mediterranean UniversityRethymnoCreteGreece Department of Electronic Engineering School of EngineeringHellenic Mediterranean UniversityChaniaCreteGreece Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC ELI-Beamlines FacilityDolníBÏrežanyCzech Republic Centro de Laseres Pulsados(CLPU) Parque CientificoVillamayorSalamancaSpain

The recent achievement of fusion ignition with laser-driven technologies at the National Ignition Facility sets a historic accomplishment in fusion energy *** accomplishment paves the way for using laser inertial fusion as a viable approach for future energy *** has a unique opportunity to empower research in this field internationally,and the scientific community is eager to engage in this *** propose establishing a European programme on inertial-fusion energy with the mission to demonstrate laser-driven ignition in the direct-drive scheme and to develop pathway technologies for the commercial fusion *** proposed roadmap is based on four complementary axes:(ⅰ)the physics of laser-plasma interaction and burning plasmas;(ⅱ)high-energy high repetition rate laser technology;(ⅲ)fusion reactor technology and materials;and(ⅳ)reinforcement of the laser fusion community by international education and training *** foresee collaboration with universities,research centres and industry and establishing joint activities with the private sector involved in laser *** project aims to stimulate a broad range of high-profile industrial developments in laser,plasma and radiation technologies along with the expected high-level socio-economic impact.

关键词： education and training fusion reactor technology high-energy laser high repetition rate laser inertial confinement fusion laser-plasma interaction public-private partnership radiation resistant materials

脑动静脉畸形血管造影评估和血管内治疗的报道标准

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国际脑血管病杂志 2013年第1期21卷 1-7页

作者： Mahesh V Jayaraman Philip M Meyers Colin P Derdeyn Justin F Fraser Joshua A Hirsch M Shazam Hussain Kristine A Blackham Clifford J Eskey Mary E Jensen Christopher J Moran Charles Joseph Prestigiacoma Peter A Rasmussen Cameron G McDoumll 冀雅彬(译) 姬仲(译) From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging and Neurosury Alp ert Medical School Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery Columbia University New York New York USA Neuroradiology Department Washington University in St Louis St Louis Missouri USA Department of Neurological Surgery University of Kentucky Louisville Kentucky USA Departt of Interventional and Diagnostic Neuromdiology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA Cerebrovascular Center Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA University Hospitals Department of Radiology Case Westem Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA Department of Radiology Neurology and Neurosur Dartrnouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon New Hampshire USA Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery University of irginia Charlottesville V-trginia USA Department of Neurological Surgery New Jersey Medical School University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Newark New Jersey USA Neurosurgery Department Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA Neurosurgery Department Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix Arizona USA 南方医科大学南方医院神经内科广州510515

本指南根据一个致力于中枢神经系统动静脉畸形（arteriovenousmalformation，AVM）患者评估和治疗的多学科专家组共识制定。该报道标准为临床试验设计以及那些希望报道脑AVM血管内治疗的临床研究人员提供了一个样板。不同治疗方案的直... 详细信息

本指南根据一个致力于中枢神经系统动静脉畸形（arteriovenousmalformation，AVM）患者评估和治疗的多学科专家组共识制定。该报道标准为临床试验设计以及那些希望报道脑AVM血管内治疗的临床研究人员提供了一个样板。不同治疗方案的直接比较对于医疗诊治的标准化、良好治疗转归的最大化以及新方法和新技术的评估至关重要。

关键词：脑动静脉畸形血管内治疗标准化血管造影临床研究人员中枢神经系统脑AVM 试验设计