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Transient leaf endophytes are the most active fungi in 1-year-old beech leaf litter

Fungal Diversity 2018年第2期89卷 237-251页

作者： Marco Alexandre Guerreiro Andreas Brachmann Dominik Begerow Derek Persoh ag geobotany Faculty of Biology and BiotechnologyRuhrUniversitat BochumUniversitatsstraße 15044801 BochumGermany Faculty of Biology GeneticsLudwig-MaximiliansUniversity MunichGroßhaderner Straße 2-482152 Planegg-MartinsriedGermany

The ecological significance of fungi occurring asymptomatically inside living plant leaves is poorly understood.Given the broad saprotrophic potential of many endophytic fungi,we hypothesized that they persist in decaying litter for an extended period of time after leaf abscission.Fungal assemblages were assessed by highthroughput sequencing in autumn leaves of beech(Fagus sylvatica)and in the corresponding leaf litter in 388 samples from 22 beech forest plots in three widely distant regions of Germany.A considerable proportion of the leafendophytic fungi was also found in 1-year-old litter.Cooccurrence networks revealed that the fungi formed unstructured assemblages inside the living leaves,rather than well-structured communities.Previously endophytic fungi constituted an integral part of the fungal litter community and were by far the most active fungi in 1-year-old litter.We therefore consider these endophytic occurrences to represent transient stages.Composition of the aboveground microbiome appears therefore to be closely connected to the process of litter decomposition.Considering the respective linked fungal habitat will facilitate predicting nutrient and carbon cycling and storage in forest ecosystems as well as elucidating the ecology of leaf microbiomes.

关键词： Endophytic fungi Litter fungi Plant microbiome Co-occurrence networks Litter decomposition Community assembly

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Directional changes of species spatial dispersion and realized environmental niches drive plant community assembly during early plant succession

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第3期12卷 409-418页

作者： Werner Ulrich Markus Klemens Zaplata Susanne Winter Anton Fischer Department of Ecology and Biogeography Nicolaus Copernicus University in TorunLwowska 1PL 87-100 ToruńPoland Hydrology and Water Resources Management Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergSiemens-Halske-Ring 10D-03046 CottbusGermany Faculty of Forest and Environment Section of Applied Ecology and ZoologyEberswalde University of Sustainable DevelopmentAlfred-Möller-Str.5D-16225 EberswaldeGermany Department of geobotany Center of Life and Food SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2D-85354 FreisingGermany

Aims Probabilistic models of species co-occurrences predict aggre-gated intraspecific spatial distributions that might decrease the degree of joint species occurrences and increase community rich-ness.Yet,little is known about the influence of intraspecific aggre-gation on the co-occurrence of species in natural,species-rich communities.Here,we focus on early plant succession and ask how changes in intraspecific aggregation of colonizing plant spe-cies influence the pattern of species co-existence,richness and turnover.Methods We studied the early vegetation succession in a six ha constructed catchment within the abandoned part of a lignite mine in NE Germany.At two spatial scales(1-and 25-m2 plots),we compared for each pair of species the intraspecific degree of aggregation and the pattern of co-occurrence and compared observed rela-tionships with temporal changes in important species functional traits.Important Findings The majority of species occurred in an aggregated manner,particu-larly in the first 2 years of succession.In pairwise comparisons,we found an excess of segregated species occurrences leading to a posi-tive link between intraspecific aggregation and pairwise species seg-regation as predicted by the aggregation hypothesis,particularly at the lower spatial resolution.The degree of intraspecific aggregation was negatively correlated with the community-wide level of species spatial turnover and with plot species richness.Our results are the first direct confirmation that increasing intraspecific aggregation and interspecific competitive interactions counteract in shaping plant community structure during succession.The respective effects of aggregation were strongest at intermediate states of early succession.

关键词： primary succession spatial analysis environmental niche functional traits species aggregation

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Taxonomic circumscription and phylogenetics of novel didymellaceous taxa with brown muriform spores

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Studies in Fungi 2018年第1期3卷 152-175页

作者： Wanasinghe DN Jeewon R Peršoh D Jones EBG Camporesi E Bulgakov TS Gafforov YS Hyde KD Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia(KLPB) Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201Yunnan China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai57100Thailand World agro Forestry Centre East and Central Asia132 Lanhei RoadKunming 650201Yunnan China Department of Health Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MauritiusReduitMauritius ag geobotany Faculty of Biology and BiotechnologyRuhr-Universitat BochumUniversitatsstraße 15044801 BochumGermany Nantgaredig 33B St.Edwards RoadSouthseaHants.PO53DHUK Societàper gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna C.P.144Bagnacavallo(RA)Italy A.M.B.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese“Antonio Cicognani” Via Roma 18ForlìItaly A.M.B.Circolo Micologico“Giovanni Carini” C.P.314BresciaItaly Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops Sochi354002Yana Fabritsiusa street2/28Krasnodar regionRussia Laboratory of Mycology Institute of BotanyAcademy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan32 Durmon yuli StreetTashkent 100125Uzbekistan

Sexual morph of didymellaceous taxa are characterized by their ascomata with relatively thin peridium,cylindric-clavate to clavate,short-pedicellate or apedicellate asci,hyaline to brown,1-septate to muriform ascospores.Its asexual morphs are coelomycetous and comprising pycnidial or acervulus conidiomata,phialidic,hyaline conidiogenous cells and hyaline or pale brown,septate or aseptate conidia.The majority of these cosmopolitan species are plant associated fungi which can be pathogens on a wide range of hosts and some species are of particular relevance for quarantine measures.Recent studies have significantly improved the taxonomy and systematics of didymellaceous taxa based on molecular phylogenetics.In contrast to the accurate and detailed studies on the asexual morphs which are common obligate pathogens,information on their usually saprobic sexual morphs is still limited.Among these phenotypically diverse species,spore characteristics are quite unique as most have hyaline spores with 0-1 septum,while only Neomicrosphaeropsis and Didymellocamarosporium are reported as producing pigmented,muriform spores.These dematiaceous muriform spores are characteristic of a considerable number of species that may be quite divergent in other characters.During taxonomic investigations on the diversity of didymellaceous taxa,we have isolated species from Alhagi pseudalhagi,Coronilla emerus,Cytisus sp.,Elaeagnus angustifolia and Spartium junceum in Italy,Russia and Uzbekistan.A comprehensive phylogeny,based on four loci(ITS,LSU,rpb2 and tub2)is used to infer species relationships.Comprehensive morphological descriptions and in-depth phylogenetic investigations of five new species viz.Ascochyta coronillae-emeri,Microsphaeropsis spartii-juncei,Neomicrosphaeropsis alhagi-pseudalhagi,N.cytisicola and N.elaeagni are presented.

关键词： five new species coelomycetes Italy multi-gene phylogeny Pleosporales Russia saprobic taxonomic-ambiguity Uzbekistan

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