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Chinese Physics B 2024年第7期33卷 158-169页

作者：杨鹏范如国王奕博张应青 School of Economics and management Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Postdoctoral Research Station China International Engineering Consulting CorporationBeijing 100000China School of Business Administration Guizhou University of Finance and EconomicsGuiyang 550025China

We construct a dual-layer coupled complex network of communities and residents to represent the interconnected risk transmission network between communities and the disease transmission network among residents. It characterizes the process of infectious disease transmission among residents between communities through the SE2IHR model considering two types of infectors. By depicting a more fine-grained social structure and combining further simulation experiments, the study validates the crucial role of various prevention and control measures implemented by communities as primary executors in controlling the epidemic. Research shows that the geographical boundaries of communities and the social interaction patterns of residents have a significant impact on the spread of the epidemic, where early detection, isolation and treatment strategies at community level are essential for controlling the spread of the epidemic. In addition, the study explores the collaborative governance model and institutional advantages of communities and residents in epidemic prevention and control.

关键词： propagation dynamics complex networks public health events community structure

Deformation characteristics of ultra-deep circular shaft in soft soil:A case study

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Underground Space 2024年第3期16卷 239-260页

作者： Yafei Qiao Feng Xie Zhanwei Bai Jiafeng Lu Wenqi Ding Department of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Engineering Project management Company Shanghai Chengtou Water GroupShanghai 200002China SGIDI Engineering consulting(Group)Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200093China

A circular shaft is often used to access a working well for deep underground space *** the depth of underground space increases,the excavation depth of the shaft *** this study,the deformation characteristics of a circular shaft with a depth of 56.3 m were presented and *** main monitoring contents included:(1)wall deflection;(2)vertical wall movement;(3)horizontal soil movement;(4)vertical surface movement;and(5)basal ***,the maximum wall deflection was only 7.7 *** with the wall deflection data collected for another 29 circular excavations,the ratio of maximum wall deflection to excavation depth of this shaft was smaller due to a smaller ratio of diameter to excavation *** wall deflection underwent two stages of deformation:the first stage was mainly circumferential compression caused by the mutual extrusion of joints between walls,and the second stage was typical vertical deflection *** horizontal soil movement outside the shaft was greater than the wall deflection and the deep soil caused great horizontal movement because of dewatering at confined water ***,a basal heave of 203.8 mm occurred in the pit centre near the ***,the shaft was uplifted over time and showed 3 stages of vertical *** surface outside the shaft exhibited settlement and uplift deformation at different locations due to different *** basal heave caused by excavation was the dominant factor,driving the vertical movement of the shaft as well as the surrounding *** correlation between the wall deflection and the surface settlement outside the shaft was weak.

关键词： Circular shaft Site monitoring Deflection Vertical deformation Soft soil

Flume experiments to study fine-grain migration and its impact on slope stability

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第10期21卷 3552-3566页

作者： WANG Baoliang WANG Quanwei LI Yong YAO Zhenguo WANG Hongfei Yellow River Engineering consulting Co.Ltd. Zhengzhou 450003China Key Laboratory of Water management and Water Security for Yellow River Basin Ministry of Water Resources(under construction)Zhengzhou 450003China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Key Laboratory of mountain Hazards and Surface Process Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China

Fine grains migration is a primary cause of landslides and debris *** study investigates the effect of fine-grain migration on slope failure through flume experiments,focusing on the spatiotemporal characteristics and mechanisms of slope stability.A series of artificial rainfall flume experiments with varying rainfall intensities and slopes were conducted using soil samples collected from Wei Jia *** experiments monitored pore-water pressure,grain migration,and failure ***-size distribution parameters(μand Dc)were analyzed to understand the migration path and accumulation of fine *** experiments reveal that fine-grain migration significantly alters soil structure,leading to random blockage and interconnection of internal pore *** changes result in fluctuating pore-water pressure distributions and uneven fine-grain accumulation,critical factors in slope *** failures occur randomly and intermittently,influenced by fine-grain content in runoff and resulting pore-water pressure *** study highlights that fine-grain migration plays a vital role in slope stability,with significant implications for predicting and mitigating slope *** stochastic nature of fine-grain migration and its impact on soil properties should be incorporated into predictive models to enhance their accuracy and reliability.

关键词： Fine-grain migration Slope stability Pore-water pressure Artificial rainfall Soil structure Flume experiments

Navigating Market Choices: Understanding Carrot Market Outlet Selection among Smallholder Farmers in Kenya

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 676-703页

作者： Hillary Kiprotich Ngeno Ngenoh Evans Oscar Ayuya Ingasia Hillary K. Bett State Department for Crop Development and Agricultural Research Ministry of Agriculture Livestock Fisheries and Cooperatives Nairobi Kenya Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness management Egerton University Egerton Kenya Brooklyn Economic consulting Limited Nairobi Kenya

This research delves into the hurdles and strategies aimed at augmenting the market involvement of smallholder carrot farmers in Nakuru County, Kenya. Employing a Multinomial Logit (MNL) model, it scrutinizes the factors influencing the selection of marketing outlets among carrot farmers. The findings unveil that a significant majority (81%) of surveyed farmers actively participate in diverse market outlets, encompassing the farm gate, cleaning point, local market, external market, and export market. Notably, pivotal buyers include aggregators, brokers, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers, with transactions predominantly occurring at the farm level. Additionally, the analysis discerns substantial influences of socio-economic characteristics, experiential factors, and geographical proximity on farmers’ choices of market outlets. Specifically, gender, age, land size, farming experience, and distance to markets emerge as critical determinants. Moreover, the study delves into the examination of market margins along the carrot value chain, shedding light on the potential profitability of carrot farming in the region. Remarkably, higher average gross margins are identified in export and external markets, signaling lucrative prospects for farmers targeting these segments. However, disparities in profit distribution between farmers and traders underscore the necessity for interventions to ensure equitable value distribution throughout the value chain. These findings underscore the imperative for tailored interventions to tackle challenges and foster inclusive agricultural development. Strategies such as farmer organizations, contracting, and vertical integration are advocated to enhance market access and profitability for smallholder carrot farmers. Thus, this study enriches our comprehension of the dynamics within carrot value chains and provides valuable insights for policymakers and development practitioners aiming to uplift rural livelihoods and bolster food security.

关键词： Market Outlet Selection Smallholder Farmers Multinomial Logit Model Determinants Carrot Value Chain

From risk control to resilience: developments and trends of urban roads designed as surface flood passages to cope with extreme storms

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 103-120页

作者： Zhiyu Shao Yuexin Li Huafeng Gong Hongxiang Chai College of Environment and Ecology Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education of Three Gorges Reservoir Area Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China T.Y.Lin International Engineering consulting(China)Co.Ltd. Chongqing 400045China

Urban roads can be designated as surface flood passages to transport excess runoff during extreme storms, thereby preventing local flooding, which is known as the major drainage system. However, this practice poses significant risks, including human loss and property damage, due to the high flow rate and velocity carried by roads. Moreover, urban roads with low flood-resilience may significantly hamper the transportation function during severe storms, leading to dysfunction of the city. Therefore, there is an urgent need to transform risk-oriented flood passages into resilient urban road-based flood passages. This paper presents a systematic review of existing methodologies in designing a road network-based flood passage system, along with the discussion of new technologies to enhance system resilience. The study also addresses current knowledge gaps and future directions. The results indicate that flood management measures based on the urban road network should integrate accessibility assessment, lifeline and emergency planning to ensure human well-being outcomes. Furthermore, the special needs and features of vulnerable groups must be taken into serious consideration during the planning stage. In addition, a data-driven approach is recommended to facilitate real-time management and evaluate future works.

关键词： Major drainage Flood mitigation Resilient city Stormwater model Urban flooding

Enhancing Private Healthcare Effectiveness in Lagos State, Nigeria: An Overview of the Effect of Quality Improvement Initiatives and Implications for Sustainable Healthcare Delivery

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Health 2024年第2期16卷 93-104页

作者： Nnenna Mba-Oduwusi Ifesinachi Eze Tochukwu Osuji Maxwell Obubu Tolulope Oyekanmi Oluwatosin Kolade Ozioma Oguguah Jane Martins Nkata Chuku Alozie Ananaba Rodio Diallo Firdausi Umar Sadiq Emmanuella Zamba Abiola Idowu InSiGHt Health consulting Limited Ikeja Nigeria Health Systems Consult Limited Abuja Nigeria Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Abuja Nigeria Lagos State Health management Agency (LASHMA) Lagos Nigeria Health Facility Monitoring and Accreditation Agency (HEFAMAA) Ikeja Nigeria

Background: Nigeria, a nation grappling with rapid population growth, economic intricacies, and complex healthcare challenges, particularly in Lagos State, the economic hub and most populous state, faces the challenge of ensuring quality healthcare access. The overview of the effect of quality improvement initiatives in this paper focuses on private healthcare providers in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study assesses the impact of donor-funded quality improvement projects on these private healthcare facilities. It explores the level of participation, perceived support, and tangible effects of the initiatives on healthcare delivery within private healthcare facilities. It also examines how these initiatives influence patient inflow and facility ratings, and bring about additional benefits and improvements, provides insights into the challenges faced by private healthcare providers in implementing quality improvement projects and elicits recommendations for improving the effectiveness of such initiatives. Methods: Qualitative research design was employed for in-depth exploration, utilizing semi-structured interviews. Private healthcare providers in Lagos involved in the SP4FP Quality Improvement Project were purposively sampled for diversity. Face-to-face interviews elicited insights into participation, perceived support, and project effects. Questions covered participation levels, support perception, changes observed, challenges faced, and recommendations. Thematic analysis identified recurring themes from interview transcripts. Adherence to ethical guidelines ensured participant confidentiality and informed consent. Results: Respondents affirmed active involvement in the SP4FP Quality Improvement Project, echoing literature emphasizing private-sector collaboration with the public sector. While acknowledging positive influences on facility ratings, respondents highlighted challenges within the broader Nigerian healthcare landscape affecting patient numbers. Respondents c

关键词： Private Healthcare Quality Improvement Projects Donor-Funded Initiatives Healthcare Delivery Lagos State Nigeria

Application of transient Rayleigh wave in detection of tunnel lining void area

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Global Geology 2024年第1期27卷 56-62页

作者： ZHENG Chao WANG Yanlong ZHANG Baohui DU Lizhi College of Construction Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun 130026China China Water Northeastern Investigation Design&Research Co.Ltd.Changchun 130021China Changchun Urban Investment Infrastructure Construction Project management consulting Co. LtdChangchun 130031China

Transient Rayleigh wave detection is a high-precision nondestructive detection *** present,it has been widely used in shallow exploration,but rarely used in tunnel lining quality *** the tunnel lining physical model experiment,the layout defects of the double-layer reinforcement lining area were detected and the Rayleigh wave velocity profile and dispersion curve were analyzed after data process-ing,which finally verified the feasibility and accuracy of Rayleigh wave method in detecting the tunnel lining void *** results show that the method is not affected by the reinforcement inside the lining,the shallow detection is less disturbed and the accuracy is higher,and the data will fluctuate slightly with the deepening of the detection *** the same time,this method responds quite accurately to the thickness of the concrete,allowing for the assessment of the tunnel lining’s lack of *** method has high efficiency,good reliability,and simple data processing,and is suitable for nondestructive detection of internal defects of tun-nel lining structure.

关键词： transient Rayleigh wave detection tunnel lining quality detection dispersion curve Rayleigh wave velocity profile

Carbon Capture and Storage in the Biofouling Tubeworm Ficopomatus Enigmaticus

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2024年第4期13卷 128-135页

作者： Doimi Mauro Department of Electronic Biology and Manufacturing EngineeringD&D Consultingvia Montenero 90VeniceMestre 30171Italy

The study investigates the potential of the serpulid tubeworm Ficopomatus sp.,sourced from Jesolo Lido(Venice,Italy),for CCS(Carbon Capture and Storage).Specimens were processed to extract bioactive compounds using a 50%polypropylene glycol-water solvent *** were analysed and purified using column gel filtration chromatography,with fractions identified by TLC(Thin Layer Chromatography)and further characterized for antioxidant and antibacterial *** activity was detected via DPPH(2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl)spraying on TLC plates,while antibacterial activity was evaluated using the antibiogram paper disk diffusion *** activity in the fractions was previously confirmed through a bromothymol blue test followed by spectrophotometric *** primary goal was to explore the CCS potential,using an experimental module involving Arduino Uno embedded microprocessor for the CO_(2) measurement and to confirm the conversion into insoluble carbonates(storage).The most active fraction,identified as S1,showed significant CCS action,confirmed by microscopic observation of calcareous deposits on treated *** findings suggest that Ficopomatus *** be used in CCS research highlighting its potential for biotechnological applications in mitigating climate *** paper underscores the importance of marine organisms in CCS and offers insights into innovative strategies for environmental conservation and carbon management.

关键词： CCS CO_(2) marine carbonic anhydrase Jesolo beach(VE,Italy) biofouling beach rock

ChatGPT, AI-generated content, and engineering management

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Frontiers of Engineering management 2024年第1期11卷 159-166页

作者： Zuge YU Yeming GONG AIM(Artificial Intelligence and management)Institute Emlyon Business SchoolEcully Cedex 69130France

This study explores the integration of ChatGPT and AI-generated content (AIGC) in engineering management. It assesses the impact of AIGC services on engineering management processes, mapping out the potential development of AIGC in various engineering functions. The study categorizes AIGC services within the domain of engineering management and conceptualizes an AIGC-aided engineering lifecycle. It also identifies key challenges and emerging trends associated with AIGC. The challenges highlighted are ethical considerations, reliability, and robustness in engineering management. The emerging trends are centered on AIGC-aided optimization design, AIGC-aided engineering consulting, and AIGC-aided green engineering initiatives.

关键词： engineering management AI-generated content(AIGC) ChatGPT AIGC-aided engineering lifecycle

Stability behavior of the Lanxi ancient flood control levee after reinforcement with upside-down hanging wells and grouting curtain

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 84-99页

作者： QIN Zipeng TIAN Yan GAO Siyuan ZHOU Jianfen HE Xiaohui HE Weizhong GAO Jingquan School of Water Conservancy and Environment Engineering Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric PowerHangzhou 310018China Department of Civil Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonSW71BFEngland Lanxi Water Affairs Bureau Lanxi 321102China Zhejiang Water Conservancy Engineering consulting Co. LtdHangzhou 310051China

The stability of the ancient flood control levees is mainly influenced by water level fluctuations, groundwater concentration and rainfalls. This paper takes the Lanxi ancient levee as a research object to study the evolution laws of its seepage, displacement and stability before and after reinforcement with the upside-down hanging wells and grouting curtain through numerical simulation methods combined with experiments and observations. The study results indicate that the filled soil is less affected by water level fluctuations and groundwater concentration after reinforcement. A high groundwater level is detrimental to the levee's long-term stability, and the drainage issues need to be fully considered. The deformation of the reinforced levee is effectively controlled since the fill deformation is mainly borne by the upside-down hanging wells. The safety factors of the levee before reinforcement vary significantly with the water level. The minimum value of the safety factors is 0.886 during the water level decreasing period, indicating a very high risk of the instability. While it reached 1.478 after reinforcement, the stability of the ancient levee is improved by a large margin.

关键词： Stability analysis Multiple factors Antiseepage reinforcement Upside-down hanging well Grouting curtain Ancient levee