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Bottom-Up Approach towards a Human Wellbeing Assessment for the Design of a Management Plan:A Study Case with Contributions to Improve Sustainable Management of Resources in a Northern Area of Mozambique

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第17期4卷 1102-1127页

作者： Rita Sofia Anastácio Lúcia Nunes Schertenleib Jorge Paiva Jorge Ferrao Mário Jorge Pereira Departamento de Biologia e CESAM Universidade de AveiroAveiroPortugal Faculdade de Ciencias and Centre for Functional Ecology(CFE) Universidade de CoimbraCoimbraPortugal Lúrio University NampulaMozambique Maluane―Cabo Delgado Conservation and Tourism PembaMozambique afpr―a for plankton research AveiroPortugal

The loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services disturbance will result in serious ecological and socioeconomic consequences. How can people be prepared to be more efficient in preserving ecosystems, its services and resources? The Messalo Wilderness Area (MWA) is an area lacking a bottom-up approach for the design of a management plan. This research intended to develop a strategy to gather people’s views to begin a human wellbeing assessment for the area, for which a Digital Questionnaire (DQ) was developed and tested. The specific objectives were to 1) verify the dispersion/distribution of people and elephants;2) study the natural resources used by the inhabitants;3) locate the areas from where the most important natural resources are extracted and where conflict between humans and animals occur;4) propose a Management Plan (MP) capable of mitigating the human-animals conflict, promoting the conservation of elephants and, consequently, of other types of biodiversity, thus working towards a better socio-economical development of the area. The elements gathered in the consulted references were used to design several maps and cartographic figures shown in this article, using the Map Window software. These maps describe: fresh water distribution, habitat distribution, population dispersal and main road connections, crop fields distribution and main exploitation spots of the different resources, orography and topography. The results from the DQ analysis helped to gather indicators to the human wellbeing assessment. The information gathered in the literature and by inquiry was effective in confirming the high dependency of local people on land and sea resources, as well as the conflicts between people and wild animals, such as elephants and African wild dogs, and the reasons for those conflicts. The DQ is effective in gathering people’s opinions and it constitutes an important tool in a bottom-up approach to the design of a management plan as to the design of the MP for

关键词： North of Mozambique Ecosystem Services Ecosystem Based-Management

Astrobiological Constraints on Astrophysics

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第11期15卷 1959-1979页

作者： Charles H. McGruder III Dirk Schulze-Makuch Department of Physics and Astronomy Western Kentucky University Bowling Green KY USA Astrobiology Group Zentrum fr Astronomie und Astrophysik Technische Universitt Berlin Berlin Germany Geomicrobiology Section German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) Potsdam Germany Department of plankton and Microbial Ecology Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Stechlin Germany

Life exists in the universe and therefore the astrophysical properties of the universe must be such that they allow the origin of life. We connect astrobiology and astrophysics via one astrobiological quantity—the probability of the origin of life. We show how this probability, if it is very low, will allow us to answer profound astrophysical questions such as the type of universe we live in, the fate of our universe, whether neutron stars, white and brown dwarfs evaporate and whether protons decay.

关键词： Astrobiology Astrophysics Cosmology Relativity

Relations between mercury fractions and microbial community components in seawater under the presence and absence of probable phosphorus limitation conditions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 145-162页

作者： Igor ?ivkovi? Vesna Fajon Jo?e Kotnik Yaroslav Shlyapnikov Kristina Obu Vazner Ermira Begu Stefanija ?estanovi? Danijela ?anti? Ana Vrdoljak Slaven Jozi? Mladen ?oli? Jelena Lu?i? Jere Ve?a Grozdan Ku?pili? Marin Ordulj Frano Mati? Branka Grbec Natalia Bojani? ?ivana Nin?evi? Gladan Milena Horvat Department of Environmental Sciences Jo?ef Stefan Institute Jo?ef Stefan International Postgraduate School Ecological Engineering Institute Maribor 2000 Slovenia Laboratory of Marine Microbiology Institute of Oceanography and FisheriesSplit 21000 Croatia Laboratory of Chemical Oceanography and Sedimentology of the Sea Institute of Oceanography and FisheriesSplit 21000 Croatia Laboratory of Chemical Oceanography and Sedimentology of the Sea Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Department of Marine Studies University of SplitSplit 21000 Croatia Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Institute of Oceanography and FisheriesSplit 21000 Croatia Laboratory of plankton and Shellfish Toxicity Institute of Oceanography and FisheriesSplit 21000 Croatia

Microbial transformations of toxic monomethylmercury(MMHg) and dissolved gaseous mercury(DGM) at the lower levels of the marine food web are not well understood, especially in oligotrophic and phosphorus-limited seas. To examine the effects of probable phosphorus limitation(~PP-limitation) on relations between mercury(Hg) fractions and microorganisms, we determined the total mercury(THg), total methylated mercury(MeHg), DGM, and microbiological and chemical parameters in the Central Adriatic Sea. Using statistical analysis, we assessed the potential microbial effects on Hg transformations and bioaccumulation. Only in the absence of ~PP-limitation conditions(^(NO–P)P-limitation) is MeHg significantly related to most chemical and microbial parameters, indicating metabolism-dependent Hg *** heterotrophic activity of low nucleic acid bacteria(abundant in oligotrophic regions)seems responsible for most of Hg methylation under ^(NO–P)P-limitation. Under these conditions,DGM is strongly related to microbial fractions and chlorophyll a, indicating biological DGM production, which is probably not metabolically induced, as most of these relations are also observed underPP-limitation. MMHg biomagnification was observed through an increased bioaccumulation factor from microseston to mesozooplankton. Our results indicate that Hgtransformations and uptake might be enhanced under ^(NO–P)P-limitation conditions, emphasizing their impact on the transfer of Hg to higher trophic levels.

关键词： Mercury speciation Methylmercury Probable phosphorus limitation Microbial community

Secondary Calcification of Planktic Foraminifera from the Indian Sector of Southern Ocean

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第1期89卷 27-37页

作者： Rahul MOHAN Suhas S.SHETYE Manish TIWARI Narayanpillai ANILKUMAR National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean research National Institute of Oceanography

This study focused on planktic foraminifera in plankton tows and surface sediments from the western Indian sector of Southern Ocean in order to evaluate the potential foraminiferal secondary calcification and/or dissolution in the sediment. It is found that the symbiotic foraminiferal species are abundant in the subtropical region, whereas non-symbiotic species dominate in the sub-Antarctic and polar frontal regions. The distribution of the symbiotic and non-symbiotic foraminiferal species is controlled by temperature, salinity, light, nutrients and phytoplankton biomass. There is also a lateral southern extent in abundance of planktic foraminifera from surface sediments to plankton tows. The shell weights of the planktic foraminifera N. pachyderma, G. bulloides and G. ruber within the surface sediments are on an average heavier by 27%, 34% and 40% respectively than shells of the same size within the plankton tows, indicative of secondary calcification. The planktic foraminiferal isotopes show the presence of heavier isotopes in the surface sediment foraminifera as compared to plankton tows, thus confirming secondary calcification. Secondary calcification in G. ruber occurs in the euphotic zone, whereas in case of N. pachyderma and G. builoides it is at deeper depths. We also observed a decrease in the shell spines in surface sediment foraminifera as compared to plankton tows, indicative of the morphological changes that foraminifera underwent during gametogenesis.

关键词： Southern Ocean foraminifera climate change stable isotopes shell weight

Development of methods for establishing nutrient criteria in lakes and reservoirs: A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第5期30卷 54-66页

作者： Shouliang Huo Chunzi Ma Beidou Xi Yali Zhang Fengchang Wu Hongliang Liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

Nutrient criteria provide a scientific foundation for the comprehensive evaluation, prevention,control and management of water eutrophication. In this review, the literature was examined to systematically evaluate the benefits, drawbacks, and applications of statistical analysis,paleolimnological reconstruction, stressor-response model, and model inference approaches for nutrient criteria determination. The developments and challenges in the determination of nutrient criteria in lakes and reservoirs are presented. Reference lakes can reflect the original states of lakes, but reference sites are often unavailable. Using the paleolimnological reconstruction method, it is often difficult to reconstruct the historical nutrient conditions of shallow lakes in which the sediments are easily disturbed. The model inference approach requires sufficient data to identify the appropriate equations and characterize a waterbody or group of waterbodies, thereby increasing the difficulty of establishing nutrient criteria. The stressor-response model is a potential development direction for nutrient criteria determination, and the mechanisms of stressor-response models should be studied further. Based on studies of the relationships among water ecological criteria, eutrophication, nutrient criteria and plankton, methods for determining nutrient criteria should be closely integrated with water management requirements.

关键词： Nutrient criteria Statistical analysis approach Paleolimnological reconstructionapproach Stressor-response model Model inference approach

Sources and implications of particulate organic matter from a small tropical river——Zuari River, India

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第4期39卷 18-32页

作者： Dearlyn Fernandes Ying Wu Prabhaker Vasant Shirodkar Umesh Kumar Pradhan Jing Zhang State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China National Institute of Oceanography(Council of Scientific and Industrial research) Dona PaulaGoa 403004India National Institute of Oceanography(Council of Scientific and Industrial research) Regional Centre4 BungalowsAndheri(West)400053MumbaiIndia

Transitional ecosystems,estuaries and the coastal seas,are distinctively affected by natural and anthropogenic *** matter(OM)originating from terrestrial sources is exported by rivers and forms a key component of the global biogeochemical *** previous studies focused on the bulk biochemical and anthropogenic aspects affecting these *** the present study,we examined the sources and fate of OM entrained within suspended particulate matter(SPM)of the Zuari River and its estuary,west coast of *** using amino acid(AA)enantiomers(L-and D-forms)as biomarkers,other bulk biochemical parameters *** organic carbon(POC),δ13C,particulate nitrogen(PN),δ15N and chlorophyll a were *** no significant temporal variations were observed in the parameters analyzed;nonetheless,salinity,POC,δ13C,PN,δ15N,glutamic acid,serine,alanine,tyrosine,leucine and D-aspartic acid exhibited significant spatial variability suggesting source *** POC content displayed weak temporal variability with low values observed during the post-monsoon season attributed to inputs from mixed *** samples were less depleted than the riverine samples suggesting contributions from marine plankton in addition to contributions from river plankton and terrestrial C3 plants *** OM was observed during the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons in the estuarine *** degraded OM was noticed during the pre-monsoon *** component analysis was used to ascertain the sources and factors influencing *** five factors were extracted explaining 84.52%of the total *** first component accounted for 27.10%of the variance suggesting the dominance of tidal influence whereas,the second component accounted for heterotrophic bacteria and their remnants associated with the particulate matter,contributing primarily to the AA *** on this study we ascertained the role of the estuarine turbidity max

关键词： Zuari River estuarine turbidity maximum(ETM) suspended particulate matter(SPM) organic matter(OM) amino acids(AA) degradation index(DI)

Effective source rock selection and oil–source correlation in the Western Slope of the northern Songliao Basin,China

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Petroleum Science 2021年第2期18卷 398-415页

作者： He Bi Peng Li Yun Jiang Jing-Jing Fan Xiao-Yue Chen research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing100083China Petroleum Exploration and Production research Institute SINOPECBeijing100083China China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Co.Ltd. Beijing100034China

This study considers the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation,Yaojia Formation,and the first member of the Nenjiang Formation in the Western Slope of the northern Songliao *** mudstone with high abundances of organic matter of Gulong and Qijia sags are considered to be significant source rocks in the study *** evaluate their development characteristics,differences and effectiveness,geochemical parameters are ***-dimensional basin modeling and hydrocarbon evolution are also applied to discuss the effectiveness of source *** the biomarker characteristics,the source–source,oil–oil,and oil–source correlations are assessed and the sources of crude oils in different rock units are *** on the results,Gulong and Qijia source rocks have different organic matter primarily detrived from mixed sources and plankton,*** source rock has higher thermal evolution degree than Qijia source *** biomarker parameters of the source rocks are compared with 31 crude oil *** studied crude oils can be divided into two *** oil–source correlations show that group I oils from Qing II–III,Yao I,and Yao II–III members were probably derived from Gulong source rock and that only group II oils from Nen I member were derived from Qijia source rock.

关键词： Songliao basin Western slope Source rock distinction Crude oils Biomarker Oil-source correlation

Investigation of low-molecular weight organic acids and their spatiotemporal variation characteristics in Hongfeng Lake,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第2期25卷 237-245页

作者： Min Xiao Fengchang Wu Liying Wang Xinqing Li Rongsheng Huang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Chinese research Academy of Environmental Sciences

The identities and concentrations of low-molecular-weight organic acids （LMWOAs） were determined by ion chromatography throughout a 20-m water column in Hongfeng Lake, China. The spatiotemporal variations of LMWOAs and their contributions to dissolved organic matter （DOM） in a research period of 24 hr were also investigated. The results demonstrated that five LMWOAs （lactic, acetic, pyruvic, sorbic, oxalic acid） were detected, and their total concentration and proportion in DOC were 6.55 μmol/L and 7.47%. Their average levels were 2.50, 0.65, 2.35, 0.96 and 0.09 μmol/L, respectively. LMWOAs were higher during daytime （10：00-18：00 on Jun 13, 2008） than nighttime （21：00-6：00 the next morning）, in particular 4.99 μmol/L high in the epilimnion （ 1 m water depth）, reflecting the fact that direct import from terrigenous sources and photochemical production from humic materials were dominant during LMWOAs＇ origin and accumulation. The same factors caused LMWOAs to be 0.63 μmol/L in the epilimnion higher than in the hypolimnion. The rapid decrease of total organic acid （TOA） up until 18：00 mainly resulted from bio-uptake and mineralization in the hypolimnion （〉1 m water depth）. Pyruvic acid increased with time in the epilimnion and decreased in the hypolimnion, largely related to the two contrary processes of continuous degradation and synthesis of macromolecular organic matter during life materials＇ cycle mediated by organisms. Simultaneously, plankton behavior and thermal stratification played a pivotal role in LMWOAs＇ behavior in the water column, causing decreasing and increasing profiles. The distribution of LMWOAs represents an interesting resource for biogeochemical research of DOM in aquatic ecosystems.

关键词： Hongfeng Lake low-molecular-weight organic acids photochemical production spatiotemporal variations thermal stratification

Phytoplankton community characteristics in the coastal waters of the southeastern Arabian Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第12期33卷 170-179页

作者： MINU P. SHAJU S. S MUHAMED ASHRAF P. MEENAKUMARI B. Central Institute of Fisheries Technology Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Matsyapuri P.O. Cochin 682029 India Indian Council of Agricultural research (ICAR) Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan–II Pusa New Delhi 110012 India

Remote sensing applications are important in the fisheries sector and efforts were on to improve the predic-tions of potential fishing zones using ocean color. The present study was aimed to investigate the phyto-plankton dynamics and their absorption properties in the coastal waters of the southeastern Arabian Sea in different seasons during the year 2010 to 2011. The region exhibited 73 genera of phytoplankton from 19 orders and 41 families. The numerical abundance of phytoplankton varied from 14.235×10^3 to 55.075×10^6 cells/L. Centric diatoms dominated in the region and the largest family identified was Thalassiosiraceae with main genera as Skeletonema spp.,Planktionella *** Thalassiosira spp. Annual variations in abun-dance of phytoplankton showed a typical one-peak cycle, with the highest recorded during premonsoon season and the lowest during monsoon season. The species diversity index of phytoplankton exhibited low diversity during monsoon season. Phytoplankton with pigments Chlorophylla, Chlorophyllb, Chlorophyll c, peridinin, diadinoxanthin, fucoxanthin,β-carotene and phycoerythrobilin dominated in these waters. The knowledge on phytoplankton dynamics in coastal waters of the southeastern Arabian Sea forms a key parameter in bio-optical models of pigments and productivity and for the interpretation of remotely sensed ocean color data.

关键词： phytoplankton diversity community structure ocean color southeastern Arabian Sea