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China & World Economy 2012年第4期20卷 108-126页

作者： Gemma Estrada Donghyun Park Innwon Park Soonchan Park Economics and Research Department Asian Development Bank(ADB) Economics and Research Department ADB Division of International Studies Korea University Department of Economics and International Trade Kongju National University

The role of China in East Asia ＇s recovery from the recent global finaneial and economic crisis highlights China ＇s position as an engine of growth for this region. From the viewpoint of China, there are many potential gains from entering into free trade agreements （FTAs） with its neighbors, who collectively form a large and fast-growing market. In this paper, we qualitatively and quantitatively assess the four main permutations of China＇s FTAs with East Asian major economies： China-ASEAN, China-Japan, China-Korea and ASEAN＋ 3. We compare the effects of these FTAs on China ＂s output and welfare. Our comparative analysis shows that China will gain from all three bilateral FTAs, while gaining the most from the ASEAN＋ 3. Because forming a region-wide FTA, such as the ASEAN＋ 3, is expected to be gradual and difficult, China shouM continue to engage in bilateral FTAs as a mediumterm and alternative strategy. However, in the long term, China should pursue a regionwide FTA.

关键词： ASEAN China computable general equilibrium model East Asia free trade agreement

A New Model to Evaluate the Economic Effects of Floods and Its Application to China

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2016年第4期9卷 627-641页

作者： Mario Arturo Ruiz Estrad Ibrahim Ndoma Donghyun Park Faculty of Economics and Administration (FEA) University of Malaya 50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Principal Economist Asian Development Bank (ADB) 6 ADB Avenue1550 Mandaluyong City Metro Manila Philippines

We set forth the macroeconomics evaluation of floods （MEF） model, a new model to assess and evaluate the impact of floods on GNP growth. This model points to a new, more concrete approach to measure the economic impact of floods. Up to now, the measurement has been subject to a great deal of uncertainty. The main contribution of the model is to significantly reduce this uncertainty by mea- suring the impact with four well-defined, economically intuitive indicators. To illuminate and demonstrate its promise, we employ the model to evaluate and analyze the impact of two major floods on the economy of the People＇s Republic of China. Our MEF-model analysis indicates that the floods of Zhangshu and Jiangxi in 2010 caused greater economic damage than the floods of Central South China in 1931. Going forward, MEF-model simulations are a valuable tool for estimating the effect of potential future floods in the PRC and elsewhere.

关键词： Floods Economic impact Economic evaluation MEF-model China

An Economic Model of the Wartime Economy： An Application to a Possible Sino-Japanese Conflict

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2016年第3期9卷 425-447页

作者： Mario Arturo Ruiz Estrada Donghyun Park Jung Suk Kim Department of Economics Faculty of Economics and Administration University of Malaya50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Asian Development Bank (adb. 6 ADB Avenue Mandaluyong City 1550 Metro ManilaPhilippines Institute of International and Area Studies Sogang University Seoul Korea

This paper introduces a new economic model of a wartime economy, the war economic capability model--WEC-Model. The WEC-Model assesses the eco- nornic impact of an armed conflict in three different stages：（1） initial armed conflict and diplomatic negotiations; （2） military armed conflict; and （3） winners and losers in the post-armed conflict stage. The analysis makes use of new indicators such as economic desgrowth （-δ）, armed conflict intensity （αi）, armed conflict losses （-π）, economic wear （Л）, level of armed conflict tension （ζ）, level of diplomatic nego- tiations （η）, and total economic leaking （Ωt. To illustrate the model, we apply it to evaluate an imaginary armed conflict between the People＇s Republic of China and Japan.

关键词： Armed conflict War Economic modeling Economic desgrowth

Assessment of leachate-contaminated clays using experimental and artificial methods

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2025年第1期17卷 524-538页

作者： Hossein Moradi Moghaddam Ahmad Fahimifar Taghi Ebadi Mohsen Keramati Sumi Siddiqua Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering Amirkabir University of TechnologyTehran***Iran Faculty of Civil Engineering Shahrood University of TechnologyShahrood***Iran School of Engineering University of British ColumbiaKelownaV6T 1Z4Canada

The investigation of leachate-contaminated clay(LCC)is essential for landfill engineering assessment and achievement of sustainable development *** static and dynamic laboratory tests,including unconfined compressive strength(UCS),California bearing ratio(CBR),and cyclic simple shear,are *** simple shear experiments on LCCs were performed to evaluate the damping and shear *** investigated factors are vertical load(VL),leachate content(LC),frequency(F),and shear strain(ShS)for ***-based investigation optimization(FBIO)and equilibrium optimizer algorithm(EOA)were utilized in addition to multiple types of ensemble models,including adaptive boosting(adb.,gradient boosting regression tree(GBRT),extreme gradient boosting(XGB) and random forest(RF).The comparison of the methods showed that GBRT-FBIO and XGB-EOA models outperformed other models for shear modulus and damping of *** p-value less than 0.0001 shows the significance of the used models in the response surface methodology(RSM)method.

关键词： Contaminated liner Dynamic parameter Response surface methodology(RSM) Python method

Depression following a traumatic brain injury:uncovering cytokine dysregulation as a pathogenic mechanism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第10期13卷 1693-1704页

作者： Colleen N.Bodnar Josh M.Morganti Adam D.Bachstetter Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center University of Kentucky Department of Neuroscience University of Kentucky Sanders-Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky

A substantial number of individuals have long-lasting adverse effects from a traumatic brain injury（TBI）. Depression is one of these long-term complications that influences many aspects of life. Depression can limit the ability to return to work, and even worsen cognitive function and contribute to dementia. The mechanistic cause for the increased depression risk associated with a TBI remains to be defined. As TBI results in chronic neuroinflammation, and priming of glia to a secondary challenge, the inflammatory theory of depression provides a promising framework for investigating the cause of depression following a TBI. Increases in cytokines similar to those seen in depression in the general population are also increased following a TBI. Biomarker levels of cytokines peak within hours-to-days after the injury, yet pro-inflammatory cytokines may still be elevated above physiological levels months-to-years following TBI, which is the time frame in which post-TBI depression can persist. As tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1 can signal directly at the neuronal synapse, pathophysiological levels of these cytokines can detrimentally alter neuronal synaptic physiology. The purpose of this review is to outline the current evidence for the inflammatory hypothesis of depression specifically as it relates to depression following a TBI. Moreover, we will illustrate the potential synaptic mechanisms by which tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1 could contribute to depression. The association of inflammation with the development of depression is compelling; however, in the context of post-TBI depression, the role of inflammation is understudied. This review attempts to highlight the need to understand and treat the psychological complications of a TBI, potentially by neuroimmune modulation, as the neuropsychiatric disabilities can have a great impact on the rehabilitation from the injury, and overall quality of life.

关键词： concussion major-depressive disorder chronic traumatic encephalopathy inflammation tumor necrosis factor α interleukin 1 microglia astrocytes synaptic physiology N-methyl-D-aspartic acid

High mobility ultrathin ZnO p–n homojunction modulated by Zn_(0.85)Mg_(0.15)O quantum barriers

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第3期27卷 464-468页

作者： Jing-Jing Yang Qing-Qing Fang Wen-Han Du Ke-Ke Zhang Da-Shun Dong School of Physics and Materials Science Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Changzhou Institute of Technology Changzhou 213002China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapor

The adding of ZnMgO asymmetric double barriers(adb.in p-ZnO2(Li,N)/n-ZnO homojunction affects the p-n junction device performance *** different homojunctions are fabricated on Si(100)substrates by pulsed laser deposition;one is the traditional p-ZnO2(Li,N)/n-ZnO homojunction with different thicknesses named as S_(1)(250 nm)and S2(500 nm),the other is the one with adb.embedded in the n-layer named as Q(265 nm).From the photoluminescence spectra,defect luminescence present in the S-series devices is effectively limited in the Q *** current-voltage curve of the Q device shows Zener-diode rectification property because the two-dimensional electron gas tunnels through the narrow ZnMgO barrier under a reverse bias,thus decreasing the working p-n homojunction thickness from 500 nm to 265 *** adb.modified homojunction shows higher carrier mobility in the Q *** electroluminescence of the ZnO homojunction is improved in Q compared to S_(2),because the holes in p-type ZnO(Li,N)can cross the wide ZnMgO barrier under a forward bias voltage into the ZnO quantum ***,electron-hole recombination occurs in the narrow bandgap of n-type ZnO,creating an ultraviolet light-emitting diode using the ZnO homojunction.

关键词： ZnO p-n homojunction light-emitting diodes ZnMgO asymmetric double barriers

Fiber guiding at the Dirac frequency beyond photonic bandgaps

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Light(Science & Applications) 2015年第1期4卷 322-329页

作者： Kang Xie Wei Zhang Allan D Boardman Haiming Jiang Zhijia Hu Yong Liu Ming Xie Qiuping Mao Lei Hu Qian Li Tianyu Yang Fei Wen Erlei Wang School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefeiAnhui 230009China Department of Physics University of SalfordSalfordManchester M54WTUK Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230026China School of Optoelectronic Information University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan 610054China

Light trapping within waveguides is a key practice of modern optics,both scientifically and *** crystal fibers traditionally rely on total internal reflection(index-guiding fibers)or a photonic bandgap(photonic-bandgap fibers)to achieve field ***,we report the discovery of a new light trapping within fibers by the so-called Dirac point of photonic band *** analysis reveals that the Dirac point can establish suppression of radiation losses and consequently a novel guided mode for propagation in photonic crystal *** is known as the Dirac point is a conical singularity of a photonic band structure where wave motion obeys the famous Dirac *** find the unexpected phenomenon of wave localization at this point beyond photonic *** guiding relies on the Dirac point rather than total internal reflection or photonic bandgaps,thus providing a sort of advancement in conceptual understanding over the traditional fiber *** result presented here demonstrates the discovery of a new type of photonic crystal fibers,with unique characteristics that could lead to new applications in fiber sensors and *** Dirac equation is a special symbol of relativistic quantum *** of the similarity between band structures of a solid and a photonic crystal,the discovery of the Dirac-point-induced wave trapping in photonic crystals could provide novel insights into many relativistic quantum effects of the transport phenomena of photons,phonons,and electrons.

关键词： band structure Dirac equation optical fiber optical mode photonic crystal

Automotive Lighting Systems Based on Luminance/Intensity Grids: A Proposal Based on Real-Time Monitoring and Control for Safer Driving

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第3期66卷 2373-2383页

作者： Antonio Peña-García Huchang Liao Department of Civil Engineering&Research Group“Lighting Technology for Safety and Sustainability” University of GranadaGranada18071Spain Business School Sichuan UniversityChengdu610064China

The requirements for automotive lighting systems,especially the light patterns ensuring driver perception,are based on criteria related to the headlamps,rather than the light perceived by drivers and road ***,important factors such as pavement reflectance,driver age,or time of night,are largely *** factors such as presence of other vehicles,vehicle speed and weather conditions are considered by the Adaptive Driving Beam(adb.and Adaptive Front-lighting System(AFS)respectively,though with no information regarding the visual perception of drivers and other road ***,it is simpler to simulate and measure the light emitted by the lamps than the light reflected by the pavement or emitted by other *** the current technology in cameras and light sensors,communication protocols,and control of Light Emitting Diodes(LED),combined with decision-making techniques applied to large amounts of data,can open a new era in the operation of headlamps and thus ensure the visual needs of drivers in real time and under actual road *** solution lies in an interaction road-sensor-headlamp,which is not based on the light emitted by headlamps,but rather on the light perceived by the *** study thus proposes a dual grid based on luminance and luminous intensity,which would manage the headlamps by optimizing driver perception and the safety of all road users.

关键词： Vehicle systems optical sensing LED control automotive lighting

Alkyl dimethyl betaine activates the low-temperature collection capacity of sodium oleate for scheelite

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 71-80页

作者： Xu Wang Zhengquan Zhang Yanfang Cui Wei Li Congren Yang Hao Song Wenqing Qin Fen Jiao School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China College of Engineering Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19102USA Luoyang Zhenbei Industry and Trade Co. Ltd.Luoyang 47100China

The impact of alkyl dimethyl betaine (adb. on the collection capacity of sodium oleate (NaOl) at low temperatures was evaluated using flotation tests at various scales. The low-temperature synergistic mechanism of adb.and NaOl was explored by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface tension measurement, foam performance test, and flotation reagent size *** flotation tests revealed that the collector mixed with octadecyl dimethyl betaine (ODB) and NaOl in a mass ratio of 4:96 exhibited the highest collection capacity. The combined collector could increase the scheelite recovery by 3.48% at low temperatures of 8–12℃. This is particularly relevant in the Luanchuan area, which has the largest scheelite concentrate output in China. The results confirmed that ODB enhanced the collection capability of NaOl by improving the dispersion and foaming performance. Betaine can be introduced as an additive to NaOl to improve the recovery of scheelite at low temperatures.

关键词： scheelite betaine low temperature synergistic effect dispersion foamability