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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2017年第5期15卷 313-323页

作者： Sebastian Eilebrecht Bernd-Joachim Benecke Arndt G. Benecke CNRS UMR8246 Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 75005 France acsioma gmbh Technologiezentrum Ruhr Bochum 44799 Germany Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA 98195 USA

The transactivating response element （TAR） structure of the nascent HIV-1 transcript is critically involved in the recruitment of inactive positive transcription elongation factor b （P-TEFb） to the promoter proximal paused RNA polymerase II. The viral transactivator Tat is responsible for subsequent P-TEFb activation in order to start efficient viral transcription elongation. In the absence of the viral transactivator of transcription （Tat）, e.g., during latency or in early stages of HIV tran- scription, TAR mediates an interaction of P-TEFb with its inhibitor hexamethylene bis-aeetamide- inducible protein 1 （HEXIM1）, keeping P-TEFb in its inactive form. In this study, we address the function of HIV-1 TAR in the absence of Tat by analyzing consequences of HIV-1 TAR overexpres- sion on host cellular gene expression. An RNA chimera consisting of Epstein-Barr virus-expressed RNA 2 （EBER2） and HIV-1 TAR was developed to assure robust overexpression of TAR in HEK293 cells. The overexpression results in differential expression of more than 800 human genes. A significant proportion of these genes is involved in the suppression of cellular immune responses, including a significant set of 7SK-responsive P-TEFb target genes. Our findings identify a novel role for HIV-1 TAR in the absence of Tat, involving the interference with host cellular immune responses by targeting 7SK RNA-mediated gene expression and P-TEFb inactivation.

关键词： HIV-1 Latency TAR 7SK RNA Cellular immunity

Laser diode stacks:pulsed light power for nuclear fusion

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2016年第2期4卷 29-36页

作者： Martin Wlz Agnieszka Pietrzak Alex Kindsvater Jens Meusel Klaus Stolberg Ralf Hlsewede Jrgen Sebastian Valentin Loyo-Maldonado Jenoptik Laser gmbh Jenoptik Diode Lab gmbh

Laser drivers are an enabling factor to inertial confinement fusion, because laser diodes must be used instead of flash lamps. We discuss the limitations of laser diode arrays and show what steps the industry is taking. The pump power requirements of large-scale projects such as LIFE or Hi PER are within reach of semiconductor laser diode *** light output powers per laser bars have been around 300 W per bar, as in the Jenoptik 940 nm bars previously used for pumping the Yb:YAG slabs in the Di POLE project. By redesigning the semiconductor laser structures 500 W per bar is now commercially available for 808, 880 and 940 nm pump wavelengths. The construction of one inertial fusion power plant will require an amount of semiconductor laser chips in excess of the current annual production by two orders of magnitude. This adds to the engineering task of improving the device characteristics a challenge to production *** the industry benefits from the recent boost in solid-state lighting that acts as a technology driver, cooperation between manufacturers will be imperative, and to this end we propose standardization efforts.

关键词： diode pumped DPSSL high-energy class IFE inertial fusion energy laser diode solid-state-laser

Vacuum Furnace - Integrated“Sub zero” Treatment

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 588-590页

作者： B. Zieger Hubert Schulte SCHMETZ gmbh Menden GermanySCHMETZ GmbH Menden Germany

The vacuum heat treatment with overpressure gas quenching is more and more accepted due to considerable advantages compared to the traditional oil and salt bath processes. Continuous further developments and new concepts like multi-directional cooling systems, a separate quenching chamber and "sub zero" systems lead towards an oxidation free and low distortion vacuum heat treatment for a broad range of parts and materials. Short and energy saving processes guarantee a high economic efficiency and environmental compatibility. The "sub zero" system which is integrated into the standard vacuum furnace achieves a heat treatment result with a high conversion of retained austenite in fully automatic hardening and tempering processes.

关键词：真空炉真空热处理深度冷冻过压气体流淬火

High Quality Fixture Quenching Fixture Types, Levels of Automation and Machine Types

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 601-606页

作者： STRENG Th HEESS K MUELLER-LAESSIG G HEESS gmbh & Co KG Lampertheim GermanyHEESS GmbH & Co KG Lampertheim GermanyHEESS GmbH & Co KG Lampertheim Germany

The paper shows, how the quality of workpieces to be heat treated can be improved by using the technology of fixture-quenching. Different fixture systems, like fixed mandrel, expanding mandrel and lamellar mandrel are described. In the next section there is a comparison between manual operation of hardening machines vs. automated lines. Since there are applications for each, manual and fully automated hardening systems, HEESS has not only focused to develop automated lines, but also refined manual operated hardening machines (SP-Series). These take advantage of the latest technology, like for example quick tool change and PLC-control with workpiece parameter database. An overview over different machine types is given.

关键词：淬火机模压淬火自动控制人工操作

The Integration of Vacuum Brazing into Heat Treatment - A Progressive Combined Process

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 597-600页

作者： Ingo Reinkensmeier Henkjan Buursen Body cote Warmebehandlung gmbh Menden GermanyBodycote Warmebehandlung GmbH Diemen Netherlands

The continuous constructive challenge to improve the functionality and efficiency of components always results in higher demands on production engineering, against the background of the generally increasing cost pressure. In many cases, you will just succeed in producing competitive and innovative products by combining and coupling of different procedures to an independent (hybrid) technology. The use of hybrid procedures for metal joining and heat treatment of metallic materials finds more and more industrial fields of application. Modern vacuum lines with integrated pressurized gas quenching are considered high-performance and flexible means of production for brazing and heat treatment tasks as well in the turbine industry as in the mould making and tool manufacturing industry. In doing so, the heat treatment is coupled with the brazing cycle in a combined process so that the brazing temperatures and soak times are adapted to the necessary temperatures and times for solution heat treatment and austeniting. This user-oriented article describes on the one hand examples of brazing of turbine components, but above all the practical experience from the plastics processing industry, where the requirement for a high-efficient cooling of injection moulding dies gains more and more importance. The combined procedure "Vacuum Brazing and Hardening" offers plenty of possibilities to produce mould inserts with an efficient tempering system in an economic way.

关键词：真空焊接热处理金属连结气体流淬火

Integration of Gas Nitrocarburising and Oxidising in a Mass Production Line for Brake Pistons

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 405-408页

作者： Gero Walkowiak Dieter Miiller Uwe Zeibig Bodycote Warmebehandlung gmbh Ebersbach GermanyBodycote Warmebehandlung GmbH Ebersbach GermanySander Umformtechnik GmbH & Co. KG Renchen-Ulm Germany

The combination of wear- and corrosion resistance is a demand to a multitude of automotive parts. Several metallic coatings as hard/soft chromium or electroless nickel have been the conventional surface protection e.g. on parts as brake pistons and shock absorber or gas spring piston rods. The Corr-I-Dur* process - a special gasnitrocarburising and oxidising technology - has a huge potential not only in substituting those coatings but also in delivering surfaces with higher quality. The benefits of the replacement of soft chromium with Corr-I-Dur and the implementation of the process in the customers production line with an annual capacity of 17 million brake pistons is described in this presentation. Starting with the demands on wear- and corrosion resistance the way of process development and the design of applicative equipment is shown. The result is a tailor-made surface solution with superior quality for deep drawn brake pistons. Two main disadvantages - outgassing of the chromium layer and reduced corrosion resistance on the inner diameter - are eliminated by the replacement with Corr-I-Dur . The process-sure achievement of enhanced corrosion resistance, uniform layer thickness, negligible distortion as well as environmental and economical advantages make Corr-I-Dur? an excellence choice for this application.

关键词：气体氮碳共渗氧化耐蚀性制动器汽缸活塞大量生产

The Difficult Path from Perception to Precautionary Action-Participatory Modeling as a Practical Tool to Overcome the Risk Perception Paradox in Flood Preparedness

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 472-485页

作者： Gisela Wachinger Patrick Keilholz Coral O’Brian DIALOGIK gmbh 70176 StuttgartGermany DHI WASY gmbh 81671 MunichGermany

The risk perception paradox illustrates the perception of natural hazards as not directly related to a willingness to act or engage in precautionary behavior. Yet the utilization of participatory processes can help to overcome this gap. In a practical example in the watershed of the Danube River and its contributing streams in Germany,we aimed to solve questions about the value of participatory modeling as a method to bridge the gap linked to flood polder planning and a relocation of a dike for protection against high floods(centennial floods and rarer). Local communities, citizen initiatives, and nongovernmental environmental organizations joined together for round table discussions initiated by the water management authorities. A participatory modeling process enabled these diverse stakeholders to engage with the experts who built the groundwater models for the planning process. As part of this study, two case studies are presented. In the first example, neutral mediators assisted the round table ‘‘Flood Polder Katzau(Danube)'' in order to cultivate mutual trust and understanding between the authorities and the former opponents of the project. This process is still ongoing,challenged by long-term planning and the more immediate obstacle of current political changes. The second case studyis located on the river Alz, a tributary of the river Inn,which flows into the Danube, where the relocation of a dike was planned. This article demonstrates how participatory modeling contributes to bridging the gap between a local resident's risk perception and real action in the case of flood preparedness.

关键词： Bavaria Flood hazard Flood perception Flood risk Germany Participatory modeling Precautionary action

Heat Treatment and Properties of Nitrogen Alloyed, Martensitic, Corrosion-resistant Steels

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 582-587页

作者： Reinhold Schneider Klaus Sammt Roland Rabitsch Michael Haspel BOHLER Edelstahl gmbh Kapfenberg Austria

This paper gives a short introduction to the typical process route and material properties of these steels in comparison to standard martensitic corrosion-resistant steels. The typical response of these steels to various heat treatment parameters is shown and explained using the three grades M333, N360 and M340 (all made by Bohler Edelstahl gmbh) as examples, and the physical metallurgy of these steels and its consequences for practical heat treatment is explained. The correlation between tempering parameters and their effect on the toughness and corrosion properties is explained in particular detail, showing that these new steels not only offer far better property combinations under the usual heat treatment parameters than standard martensitic corrosion-resistant steels, but that they also open the door to extending heat treatment combinations and properties.

关键词：热处理高氮钢马氏体钢抗腐蚀钢

New Developments in Thermo-Chemical Diffusion Processes

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 13-19页

作者： Bernd Edenhofer Ipsen International gmbh Kleve Germany

Thermo-chemical diffusion processes like carburising, nitriding and boronizing play an important part in modern manufacturing technologies. They exist in many varieties depending on the type of diffusing element used and the respective process procedure. The most important industrial heat treatment process is case-hardening, which consists of thermochemical diffusion process carburising or its variation carbonitriding, followed by a subsequent quench. The latest developments of using different gaseous carburising agents and increasing the carburising temperature are one main area of this *** other area is the evolvement of nitriding and especially the ferritic nitrocarburising process by improved process control and newly developed process variations using carbon, nitrogen and oxygen as diffusing elements in various process steps. Also boronizing and special thermo-chemical processes for stainless steels are discussed.

关键词：热化学扩散高温渗碳渗氮位控制溶体渗氮

Environmental Impacts of the Yangtze Three Gorges Project: An Overview of the Chinese-German Research Cooperation

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第6期21卷 817-823页

作者： Günter Subklew Julia Ulrich Leander Fürst Agnes Hltkemeier Forschungszentrum Jülich gmbh

The construction of the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River in China has a great influence on the ecosystems involved. In order to investigate these environmental effects in the Yangtze catchment area as well as downstream of the dam, Forschungszentrum Julich has organized a research network for the Chinese and Germaa partners. In the research fields of （1） interaction water/ sediment/contaminants, （2） vegetation/biodiversity, （3） changing land use/erosion/mass movements, and （4） atmosphere, the partners have accumulated a great deal of expertise in handling major issues and also in developing models and recommendations for action. The following provides an overview of the research network and the research tasks. On the German side, five projects in research field （3） have been in operation since 2008. The results are reported in contributions by Ehret et al., Jaehnig and Cai, Schonbrodt et al., and Seeber et al.. Another five projects in research field （1） have started by September 2010. The research tasks undertaken in these five projects are presented below.

关键词： Three Gorges Dam Yangtze River environmental research ecosystem.