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Animal Nutrition 2019年第1期5卷 11-21页

作者： Sophie A.Lee Natasha Whenham Michael R.Bedford ab vista Marlborough

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 PUFA) are linked to a variety of health benefits against human disorders and disease. However, the typical western diet is generally low in n-3 PUFA and high in n-6 PUFA, suggesting that the recommended intake of these essential fatty acids is seldom ***, dietary enrichment of animal meat and eggs with n-3 PUFA could help increase consumption of these fatty acids. Fish oils and microalgae(MA) are rich sources of long chain n-3 PUFA, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA). Feeding these marine products has been shown to increase DHA content of tissues and yolk, however, this may also lead to an increased requirement for anti-oxidants to prevent oxidative deterioration and associated negative sensory attributes. Nonetheless, increased DHA has been linked to promising results in animal growth, fertility,immunity and bone strength in both pigs and poultry. These findings suggest that feeding DHA-rich ingredients to mono-gastric can enrich human diets as well as providing additional benefits to the animal.

关键词： DHA Microalgae Performance Anti-oxidant

Phosphorus utilization response of pigs and broiler chickens to diets supplemented with antimicrobials and phytase

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第1期3卷 77-84页

作者： Katherine McCormick Carrie L.Walk Craig L.Wyatt Olayiwola Adeola Department of Animal Sciences Purdue University JBS United ab vista Feed Ingredients

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the phosphorus(P) utilization responses of pigs and broiler chickens to dietary supplementation with antimicrobials and phytase and to determine if P digestibility response to phytase is affected by supplementation with antimicrobials. Experiment 1 used 4 diets(a basal negative control formulated to contain 0.41% total P and 0.71% calcium [Ca] without added antimicrobials, basal negative control with added carbadox, basal negative control with added tylosin, or basal negative control with added virginiamycin) and six 18-kg barrows in individual metabolism crates per diet. There was no effect of antimicrobials on P and Ca digestibility or retention. Carbadox supplementation increased(P abolism crates per treatment and 9 dietary treatments arranged in a 3×3 factorial of antimicrobials(none, tylosin, or virginiamycin) and phytase(0, 500, or 1,500 FTU/kg).Phytase addition to the diets linearly increased(P< 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility or retention of P, Ca, nitrogen(N) and GE. Supplementation with antimicrobials did not affect apparent total tract digestibility or retention of P, Ca, N or GE. There were linear effects(P < 0.01) of phytase on Ca utilization in diets that were not supplemented with antimicrobials but only tendencies(P < 0,10) in diets supplemented with tylosin or virginiamycin. Phytase linearly improved(P < 0.05) N utilization in diets supplemented with tylosin or virginiamycin but not in diets without added antimicrobials. Experiment 3 was a broiler chicken experiment with the same experimental design as Exp. 2 but feeding 8 birds per cage and 10 replicate cages per diet. Antimicrobial supplementation improved(P < 0.05) feed efficiency and adding tylosin improved(P < 0.05) tibia as

关键词： Antimicrobials Chickens Phosphorus Phytase Pigs

Evaluation of xylanase and a fermentable xylo-oligosaccharide on performance and ileal digestibility of broiler chickens fed energy and amino acid deficient diets

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 488-495页

作者： Gemma González-Ortiz Tiago T.dos Santos Michael R.Bedford ab vista 3Woodstock CourtMarlborough Business ParkMarlboroughWiltshireSN84ANUK

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a product consisting of a combination of xylanase and xylo-oligosaccharide(STBIO)on performance and ileal digestibility of broiler chickens fed energy and amino acid(AA)deficient ***-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 8 pens per treatment,with 25 chicks per *** based on wheat-corn-soybean meal diets were arranged in a 3×2 factorial design:a positive control that met or exceeded nutrient recommendations(PC),a negative control diet with a 50 kcal/kg apparent metabolizable energy(AME)reduction(NC1)and NC1 with a 3%reduction in AA content(NC2),each with or without supplementation of 100 g/t of the *** weight gain(BWG),feed intake,feed conversion ratio corrected for mortality(FCR)and the European production efficiency factor(EPEF)were recorded from 0 to 42 *** d 42,ileal samples were collected to determine dry matter(DM),organic matter(OM),ash,protein and energy digestibility.A significant interaction was observed for BWG and feed intake(P<0.001).The energy and AA reduction reduced(P<0.05)BWG when compared to the *** effect of STBIO on BWG was greater in NC1(+451 g/bird)than in NC2(+314 g/bird)or PC(+176 g/bird)diets(P<0.05),and that in NC2 with STBIO was equal to that in PC without STBIO,and that in NC1 with STBIO was equal to that in PC with *** interactions were observed on the EPEF or FCR;however,STBIO improved EPEF(P<0.001)and FCR(P<0.001)irrespective of the energy reduction or AA *** intake of digestible DM,OM,ash and energy for the finisher period was increased with STBIO supplementation(P<0.01).A significant interaction was observed for the intake of digestible ***1 and NC2 reduced the intake of digestible protein;however,when STBIO was supplemented,it was improved in both diets to similar levels to the *** stimbiotic supplementation improved performance of broiler chickens fed all diets,particularly those deficient in AME and AA.

关键词： Xylanase Fermentable oligosaccharide Broiler Stimbiotic

Effect of phytase superdosing, myo-inositol and available phosphorus concentrations on performance and bone mineralisation in broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第3期3卷 247-251页

作者： Sophie A.Lee Devanaboyina Nagalakshmi Mantina V.L.N.Raju Savaram V.Rama Rao Michael R.Bedford ab vista Marlborough Department of Animal Nutrition College of Veterinary Science Dectorate of Poultry Research

A total of 2,376 one-day-old Ross broiler chickens were used to investigate the effect of myo-inositol(MYO) and phytase supplementation on performance and bone mineralization variables in broilers fed diets formulated to have varying concentrations of available phosphorus(P). The trial was designed as a2×2×3 factorial; with and without phytase superdosing(0 or 1,500 FTU/kg), MYO(0 or 3 g/kg), and dietary P(low, moderate or high). At 21 d, dietary phytase and MYO had no consistent benefit on bone mineralization variables. Bone ash reduced by 4.7% from the medium to low P diet(P < 0.01),with no effect of phytase supplementation. Superdosing improved bone P content by 6% in birds fed the low P diet, signifying an interaction between dietary P concentrations and phytase(P < 0.05). Dietary MYO addition resulted in a numerical reduction in bone ash and a significant reduction in bone strength(P < 0.05). At 42 d, the beneficial effect of phytase superdosing on feed intake and body weight gain was evident in the low P diet. Superdosing reduced feed conversion rate(FCR) at all P levels(P < 0.05),although this effect was more pronounced on the low P diet, suggesting that sufficient P being released from the phytase itself to re-phosphorylate MYO and hence improve FCR. The significant improvement in FCR was greater with superdosing than with MYO alone, and the combination led to no further improvement in FCR compared with superdosing alone, signifying a phytase and MYO interaction(P < 0.05). From these results, it can be estimated that MYO is providing around 30% to 35% of the total response to superdosing.

关键词： Phytase Myo-inositol Phosphorus Broiler Performance

Sampling duration and freezing temperature influence the analysed gastric inositol phosphate composition of pigs fed diets with different levels of phytase

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第2期5卷 196-201页

作者： Steven Laird Imke Kühn Michael R.Bedford Hayley Whitfield Helen M.Miller Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds ab vista School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of time and freezing temperature during sampling on gastric phytate(myo-inositol [MYO] hexakisphosphate [InsP6]), lower inositol phosphates(InsP2-5) and MYO concentrations in pigs fed diets containing different levels of phytase. Forty pigs were fed 1 of 4 wheat-barley diets on an ad libitum basis for 28 d. The diets comprised a nutritionally adequate positive control(PC), a similar diet but with Ca and P reduced by 1.6 and 1.24 g/kg, respectively(NC), and the NC supplemented with 500(NC + 500) or 2,000(NC + 2000) FTU phytase/kg. At the end of the experiment, chyme were collected from the stomach, thoroughly mixed and 2 subsamples(30 mL) were frozen immediately: one snap-frozen at-79 ℃ and the other at-20 0 C. The remaining chyme were left to sit at room temperature(20 ℃) and further subsamples were collected and frozen as above at 5,10 and15 min from the point of mixing. There were linear reductions in gastric InsP6 concentration over time during sampling(P < 0.001), irrespective of diet or freezing temperature. Moreover, InsP6 concentration was influenced by a diet × freezing temperature interaction(P < 0.05), with less InsP6 measured in chyme frozen at-20 ℃ than at-79 ℃;however,this difference was greater in the control diets than the phytase supplemented diets. Freezing chyme at-79 ℃ recovered more ∑InsP2-5 + MYO than freezing at-20 ℃ in pigs fed phytase supplemented diets;however, this difference was not apparent in the diets without phytase(diet × freezing temperature, P < 0.01), It can be concluded that significant phytate hydrolysis occurs in the gastric chyme of pigs during sampling and processing, irrespective of supplementary phytase activity. Therefore, to minimise post-slaughter phytate degradation and changes in the gastric inositol phosphate profile, chyme should be snap-frozen immediately after collection.

关键词： Pig Inositol phosphate Phytase Sampling time Freezing temperature

Amino acid and mineral digestibility,bone ash,and plasma inositol is increased by including microbial phytase in diets for growing pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 699-712页

作者： Liz Vanessa Lagos Mike Richard Bedford Hans Henrik Stein Division of Nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA ab vista Marlborough SN84ANUK

Background The effect of microbial phytase on amino acid and energy digestibility is not consistent in pigs,which may be related to the phytase dosage or the adaptation length to the ***,an experiment was conducted to test the hypotheses that increasing dietary phytase after an 18-day adaptation period:1)increases nutrient and energy digestibility;2)increases plasma P,plasma inositol,and bone ash of young pigs;and 3)demonstrates that maximum phytate degradation requires more phytase than maximum P *** Data indicated that increasing inclusion of phytase[0,250,500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 phytase units(FTU)/kg feed]in corn-soybean meal-based diets increased apparent ileal digestibility(AID)of Trp(quadratic;P<0.05),and of Lys and Thr(linear;P<0.05),and tended to increase AID of Met(linear;P<0.10).Increasing dietary phytase also increased AID and apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of Ca and P(quadratic;P<0.05)and increased ATTD of K and Na(linear;P<0.05),but phytase did not influence the ATTD of Mg or gross *** of plasma P and bone ash increased(quadratic;P<0.05),and plasma inositol also increased(linear;P<0.05)with increasing inclusion of *** concentrations of inositol phosphate(IP)6 and IP5(quadratic;P<0.05),reduced IP4 and IP3(linear;P<0.05),but increased inositol concentrations(linear;P<0.05)were observed in ileal digesta as dietary phytase *** ATTD of P was maximized if at least 1,200 FTU/kg were used,whereas more than 4,000 FTU/kg were needed to maximize inositol *** Increasing dietary levels of phytase after an 18-day adaptation period increased phytate and IP ester degradation and inositol release in the small ***,increasing dietary phytase resulted in improved digestibility of Ca,P,K,Na,and the first 4 limiting amino acids,and in increased concentrations of bone ash and plasma P and *** a corn-soybean meal diet,maximum inositol release requires appr

关键词： Bone ash Inositol Nutrient digestibility Phytase Phytate degradation Pigs

Interaction between xylanase and a proton pump inhibitor on broiler chicken performance and gut function

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 277-288页

作者： Gemma Gonzalez-Ortiz Sophie A.Lee Kirsi Vienola Kari Raatikainen German Jurgens Juha Apajalahti Michael R.Bedford ab vista MarlboroughWiltshireSN84ANUnited Kingdom Alimetrics Ltd. Koskelontie 19 BEspooFinland

Three hundred thirty-six Ross 308 male broiler chicks were used in a 21-d study to explore performance and gut function when treated with a proton pump inhibitor(PPI;0 or 89 mg/kg)in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with a xylanase(Xyl;0 or 0.1 g/kg)to determine if the beneficial activity of arabinoxylan(AX)depolymerisation,through arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides(AXOS)production,starts in the upper gastrointestinal *** with the PPI started from d 14,and by d 21 animal performance had deteriorated(P<0.001).An interaction was observed between PPI and Xyl for feed conversion ratio(FCR)(P<0.05),whereby the combination reduced the negative effect of PPI on *** of PPI raised digesta pH in the gizzard and caecum(P<0.05),increased protein concentrations in the lower gut(P<0.05)and reduced intake of digestible nutrients(P<0.05).Caecal concentrations of indole,p-cresol,ammonia and the ratio of total volatile fatty acid(VFA)to butyric acid were increased with PPI(P<0.05),indicating enhanced protein *** activity in the digesta were greatest in the caeca,especially when Xyl was supplemented(P<0.001).The concentration of total soluble AX was greater in the gizzard and ileal digesta with Xyl supplementation(P<0.05),supporting the depolymerisation action of xylanase even under acidic *** data suggest xylanase may function in the gizzard even though pH is not optimal for activity and emphasises the importance of chlorohydric acid secretions in ensuring overall optimum gut *** depolymerisation benefits animal performance although it is still unknown how the AXOS produced with xylanase supplementation in the upper gastrointestinal tract influence the microbial populations and overall gut functionality.

关键词： Xylanase Proton pump inhibitor Arabinoxylan degradation Protein fermentation Broiler chicken

Xylanase, protease and superdosing phytase interactions in broiler performance, carcass yield and digesta transit time

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第2期3卷 121-126页

作者： Tiago T.dos Santos Helen V.Masey O'Neill Gemma González-Ortiz Daniel Camacho-Fernández Carlos López-Coello ab vista Facultad de Medicina Veteriaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

The interaction of xylanase, protease and superdosing(1,500 FTU/kg) phytase in a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement was studied in broilers fed sorghum-based diets. A total of 2,800 one-day-old unsexed Ross308 chicks were housed in 56 pens with 50 birds per pen, with or without inclusion of xylanase, protease and phytase, totaling 8 treatments and 7 replicates per treatment. Body weight(BW) and feed intake(FI)were measured at 21 and 42 days of age, and mortality corrected feed conversion ratio(FCR) was calculated for each period and cumulatively. Tibia ash and carcass yield were determined in 2 birds per replicate at 21 and 42 days of age, respectively. Digesta transit time was determined at 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of age using 5 birds per replicate. Results showed that superdosing phytase increased BW and FI at42 days of age(P < 0.05) and xylanase improved FCR(P < 0.05). Xylanase and phytase also positively influenced carcass yield and breast weight, respectively. Overall, inclusion of superdosing phytase increased transit time when included in a diet containing xylanase, and no change with protease inclusion. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of xylanase, protease and superdosing phytase in broiler performance were not additive. This limitation is likely not related to the lack of efficacy of any one of the individual enzymes but to a limitation of the bird to respond additively to successive additions of enzymes.

关键词： Sorghum Tibia ash Sub-additivity Exogenous enzyme

Evaluation of the effect of different wheats and xylanase supplementation on performance,nutrient and energy utilisation in broiler chicks

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第3期2卷 173-179页

作者： Gemma González-Ortiz Oluyinka Olukosi Michael R.Bedford ab vista Marlborough Monogastric Science Research Centre Scotland's Rural College

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance, nutrient utilisation and energy metabolism of broiler chicks fed 8 different wheat samples, supplemented or not with xylanase. Seven-hundred sixty eight male broilers(1-day-old) were distributed to 16 experimental treatments(6 replicates per treatment). The treatments were in a factorial arrangement with 8 different wheats and 2 levels of xylanase(0 or 16,000 BXU/kg). The predicted apparent metabolisable energy(AME) of the wheat samples ranged from 13.0 to 13.9 MJ/kg and all diets were formulated to contain the same amount of wheat. Body weight gain(BWG) and feed intake(FI) were measured at 21 d, as was jejunal digesta viscosity, and feed conversion ratio(FCR) calculated. On day 24, one representative bird per pen was selected to calculate whole body energetics. At 21 d, 3 chicks per replicate were randomly allocated to metabolism cages for energy and nutrient utilisation determinations, and were continued on the experimental diets until 24-d-old. No interactions were observed for any performance response variables, ileal nutrient utilisation or digesta viscosity. Xylanase improved BWG and reduced FCR and digesta viscosity(P abolisable energy and AME corrected for nitrogen(AMEn) were subject to an interaction whereby wheats 2 and 6, which returned the lowest AME and AMEn values, responded to xylanase supplementation and the remainder did not. Net energy for production and the efficiency of energy use for production were not influenced by xylanase, but were affected by wheat(P abolism in birds, xylanase removed this variance and resulted in more homogeneous performance.

关键词： Wheat Near-infrared spectroscopy Xylanase Nutrient release Energy Broiler chickens

Effect of feeding broilers diets differing in susceptible phytate content

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第1期2卷 33-39页

作者： Natalie K.Morgan Carrie L.Walk Michael R.Bedford Dawn V.Scholey Emily J.Burton School of Animal Rural and Environmental Science Nottingham Trent University ab vista Feed Ingredients

Measurements of total phytate phosphorus content of diets may be deceptive as they do not indicate substrate availability for phytase; it may be that measurements of phytate susceptible to phytase effects are a more accurate measure of phosphorus(P) availability to the bird. To verify this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted to compare diets formulated to contain either high or low susceptible phytate, supplemented with either 0 or 500 FTU/kg phytase. Susceptible phytate was determined by exposing the feed samples to conditions that mimicked the average pH of the proximal gastrointestinal tract(pH 4.5) and the optimum temperature for phytase activity(37℃) and then measuring phytate dissolved. Ross 308 birds(n = 240) were fed one of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design; 2 diets with high(8.54 g/kg, 57.90% of total phytate) or low(5.77 g/kg, 46.33% of total phytate) susceptible phytate, containing 0 or 500 FTU/kg phytase. Diets were fed to broilers(12 replicate pens of 5 birds per pen) from d 0 to 28 post hatch. Birds fed diets high in susceptible phytate had greater phytate hydrolysis in the gizzard(P absence of added phytase, suggesting the assay used in this study was able to successfully estimate the amount of total dietary phytate that was susceptible to the effects of phytase when used at standard levels. No interactions were observed between susceptible phytate and phytase on phytate hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of phytate was greate

关键词： Broiler Phytate Digestibility Phytase Phosphorus