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Topology in biology: Singularities and Surgery Transformations in Metazoan Development and Evolution

Applied Mathematics 2014年第17期5卷 2664-2674页

作者： valeria v. Isaeva Nickolay v. Kasyanov Eugene v. Presnov A.N. Severtsov institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Science Moscow Russia A.v. zhirmunsky institute of marine biology Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok Russia institute of Theory and History of Architecture and Town Planning Moscow Russia The volcani Center Gilat Israel

The review presents a topological description and interpretation (analysis) of some events in metazoan development and evolution through the use of well-known mathematical concepts and theorems (using topological approach). It is the topological language that can provide strict and adequate description of various phenomena in developmental and evolutionary transformations. Topological singularities inevitably arising and transforming during early development destroy the preexisting pattern of symmetry. The symmetry breaking of preexisting spatial pattern plays a critical role in biological morphogenesis in development and evolution. Some events of early development are interpreted in terms of symmetry breakdown and related to well-known mathematical theorems. A topological inevitability of some developmental events through the use of classical topological concepts is discussed. The topological approach makes it possible to consider the succession of spherical surgeries, which change the topological genus of an animal body surface. We model the biological shape as a set of smooth, closed, oriented surfaces—membrane or epithelial layers. Membrane and epithelial surfaces are boundary layers, interfaces between a living structure and its environment, ensuring metabolism. Toroid forms as well as fractal structures in metazoans can be considered as functionally optimized biological design and attractors in biological morphogenesis. The epithelial surface is an interface between the internal medium of an organism and the outside environmental medium;topological and fractal transformations during metazoan evolution and development increase this interface, ensuring better adaptation of organism to the environment. Fractal structures as well as toroid forms can be considered as a functionally optimized design in Metazoa. Topological methodology reveals a certain set of topological rules constraining and directing biological morphogenesis during evolution and development.

关键词： Topological Surgery Singularity Symmetry Breakdown Evolutionary biology Embryology

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Establishment of Alloptilella splendida *** *** resurrection of Scytalium veneris(Thomson&Henderson,1906),two sea pens(Cnidaria:Pennatulacea)from seamounts in the tropical Western Pacific

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第5期39卷 1790-1804页

作者： Yang LI Zifeng ZHAN Kuidong XU Laboratory of marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine BiologyInstitute of OceanologyCenter for Ocean Mega-ScienceChineseAcademy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Southern marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Sea pens are a highly specialized and morphologically distinct group of octocorallians,but many taxa were poorly described and their phylogenetic relationships are still poorly *** describe two species of sea pens collected from the tropical Western Pacific:Alloptilella splendida *** *** Scytalium veneris(Thomson&Henderson,1906).Alloptilella splendida *** *** with the definition of the recently resurrected genus Ptilella Gray,1870 in most characters,but differs from the latter in the arrangement of autozooids and the location of *** new species mostly resembles Pennatula naresi K(o|")lliker(1880),but differs by the location of me sozooids and the reddish color of sclerite s surrounding *** generic separation is also well supported by their genetic distances and the molecular phylogenetic trees constructed by the concatenated mtMutS-COI-28 S,where Alloptilella clustered with Scytalium Herklots,1858 and formed a clade with the cluster of Ptilella and *** veneris,usually considered as a junior synonym of Scytalium sarsii Herklots,1858,is resurrected by recognizing their distinctive *** is the first record of Scytalium veneris outside its type locality,and the phylogenetic analysis indicates that Scytalium is a monophyletic *** the families Pennatulidae and virgulariidae are polyphyletic,and more morphological and molecular data are needed to clarify the phylogenetic positions of pennatulacean families and genera.

关键词： sea pen Pennatulidae Alloptilella new species Scytalium seamount

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Morphology and phylogeny of Chrysogorgia pinniformis *** *** ***.,two golden corals from the Caroline seamounts in the tropical Western Pacific Ocean

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第5期39卷 1767-1789页

作者： Yu XU Zifeng ZHAN Kuidong XU Laboratory of marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine BiologyInstitute of OceanologyCenter for Ocean Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Southern marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Two new species of Chrysogorgia Duchassaing&Michelotti,1864 collected from the Caroline seamounts in the tropical Western Pacific Ocean are *** pinniformis *** to versluys’group C(Squamosae typicae)with only scales in polyp body wall and *** *** characterized by large branches pinnately branched and forming multiple fans with its small branches regularly and quasi-dichotomous branched,and scales and rods present in the polyp mouth *** is most similar to *** Cairns,2007 by the pinnate trait,but differs from the latter by its group C pattern(*** A,Spiculosae)and having sclerites present in the polyp mouth area(***).Chrysogorgia varians *** to the Chrysogorgia group A(Spiculosae)with rods distributed in the polyp body wall and *** is characterized by warty rods and elongated scales in the tentacles,many warts and ridges on the scales,conspicuously toothed margins at the rounded ends in the pinnules,and small rods with ridge-like warts in the polyp mouth *** species was frequent and abundant in the Caroline seamounts during our cruises and its morphological variability in growth period was *** phylogenetic analyses based on mtMutS and 28 S rDNA regions supported the assignment of the new species to the genus ***,the mtMutS marker showed very limited usefulness for species delimitation and inner relationship inference of *** contrast,the 28 S rDNA showed much higher level of genetic variation,and it may be a potential barcode for this *** the 28 S rDNA trees,the two new species clustered ***,compilation of our data showed that 42 of 78(ca.54%)Chrysogorgia species were found in the Indo-West Pacific convergent region,indicating that this area may be a hotspot of deep-water Chrysogorgia species.

关键词： Anthozoa Octocorallia Chrysogorgiidae deep sea taxonomy

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Luminescence enhancement of rare earth ions by metal nanostructures

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Journal of Rare Earths 2009年第4期27卷 641-645页

作者： G.A.Denisenko A.v.Shubnikov institute of Crystallography Russian Academy of Sciences D.v.Skobeltsyn institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University

Well-ordered metal structures, i.e. arrays of nanosized tips on silver surface for studies of the luminescence enhancement of absorbed media with rare earth ions were used. These arrays were prepared by the metal evaporation on track membranes. Calculations of reso- nanee frequencies of tips regarded as semispheroids were done taking into account the interaction between dipoles of tips. They were used to discuss experimental results for media with Eu（NO3）3·6H2O salt basing on data for bulk silver dielectric function.

关键词： rare earth ions silver nanosized tips luminescence enhancement

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The sub-fossils of leaf fragments in sediments as an indicator of mangrove development in the Yingluo Bay, Guangxi, Southwest China over the last 130 years

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第8期38卷 27-34页

作者： Wanzhu Wang Xianwei Meng Xiangqin Wang Zhen Li Laboratory of marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Qingdao 266061 China Laboratory for marine Geology and Environment Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) Qingdao 266237 China School of Earth and Ocean Sciences University of Victoria British Columbia V8W Canada

Located in the intertidal zone of the tropical and subtropical coasts, mangrove forests are an important ecosystem in the global carbon cycle and serve as a protector of local seashores. Under the double impacts of climate change,especially sea-level rise, and human activity, mangrove forests around the world have faced degradation, against which the reconstruction of the historical development of mangrove forests using an effective indicator has been regarded as a necessary strategy for designing a predictable model. As the primary product of mangrove forest, it is reasonable that the content of leaf fragments of mangrove(CLFM) buried in sediments in the form of sub-fossils potentially has the same indicative function for the development of mangrove forests as that of widely-used mangrove pollen. In this study, the leaf fragments of mangrove in two sediment cores(YLW02 and YLW03) drilled in the Yingluo Bay in Guangxi, Southwest China were picked out and weighted for calculation of CLFM, which was used as an indicator of mangrove development after examination of parallelism and a statistical correlation of the CLFM with the concentration of mangrove pollen. The results clearly show that the vertical distribution of the CLFM for the core taken from the landward margin of mangrove forests(YLW03) only parallels that of the local mangrove species(Rhizophora. stylosa) with a significantly positive correlation(R=0.56, P=0.05), while the vertical distribution of the CLFM for the core taken from the interface between seaward margin of mangrove forest and the trunk of tidal creeks of the bay(YLW02) parallels the summed concentration of mangrove pollen(SCMP) with a more positive correlation than that of YLW03(R=0.85, P=0.01), indicating that the trunk outlet of tidal creeks must have been the site where mangrove production gathered from the overall forest rather than from local production. The variations in the CLFM of both cores indicate that overall the mangrove forests in

关键词： leaf fragment mangrove development Yingluo Bay last 130 years air temperature and rainfall

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Robust interface and excellent as-built mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4v fabricated through laser-aided additive manufacturing with powder and wire

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 154-168页

作者： Fei Weng Guijun Bi Youxiang Chew Shang Sui Chaolin Tan Zhenglin Du Jinlong Su Fern Lan Ng Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of EducationShandong Engineering&Technology Research Center for Superhard MaterialSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250061China institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510095China Singapore institute of Manufacturing Technology 5 Cleantech Loop636732Singapore

The feasibility of manufacturing Ti-6Al-4v samples through a combination of laser-aided additive manufacturing with powder(LAAM_(p))and wire(LAAM_(w))was explored.A process study was first conducted to successfully circumvent defects in Ti-6Al-4v deposits for LAAM_(p) and LAAM_(w),*** the optimized process parameters,robust interfaces were achieved between powder/wire deposits and the forged substrate,as well as between powder and wire *** characterization results revealed the epitaxial prior β grains in the deposited Ti-6Al-4v,wherein the powder deposit was dominated by a finerα′microstructure and the wire deposit was characterized by lamellar α *** mechanisms of microstructure formation and correlation with mechanical behavior were analyzed and *** mechanical properties of the interfacial samples can meet the requirements of the relevant Aerospace Material Specifications(AMS 6932)even without post heat *** fracture occurred within the interfacial area,further suggesting the robust *** findings of this study highlighted the feasibility of combining LAAM_(p) and LAAM_(w) in the direct manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4v parts in accordance with the required dimensional resolution and deposition rate,together with sound strength and ductility balance in the as-built condition.

关键词： laser-aided additive manufacturing powder deposition wire deposition interfacial characteristic mechanical behavior

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Evaluation of DNA Damage in the marine Mussel Crenomytilus grayanus as a Genotoxic Biomarker of Pollution

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2019年第1期18卷 159-164页

作者： SLOBODSKOvA valentina v. ZHURAvEL Elena v. KUKLA Sergey P. CHELOMIN victor P. Laboratory of marine Ecotoxicology V.I.Ilichev Pacific Oceanological Institute Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences School of Natural Sciences Far Eastern Federal University

marine pollution affects all life processes in aquatic organisms. The genotoxic effect of pollution on the mussel Crenomytilus grayanus was assessed. Bivalves were collected from the ‘clean'(vostochnaya Cove) and polluted(Nakhodka Bay) areas in the Peter the Great Bay. The degree of DNA damage in C. grayanus was determined by alkaline comet assay as mean percentage of DNA in tail, and the genetic damage index was calculated. Our results indicate that almost one-third of DNA in cells of gills and digestive gland of C. grayanus inhabiting the Nakhodka Bay had destructive changes compared to the individuals of this species from the vostochnaya Cove. This study has shown that chronic pollution of the aquatic environment causes destructive changes to DNA in gill and digestive gland cells of C. grayanus.

关键词： genotoxicity DNA comet assay Crenomytilus grayanus pollution

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The alternative saline lake ecosystem states and adaptive environmental management

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第6期36卷 2010-2017页

作者： Nickolai v.SHADRIN Kovalevsky institute of marine Biological Research Russian Academy of Sciences

Our sustainable environmental management must be based on adequate ecological concepts. The question arises: what concept is better to use for understanding and management of ecosystems? To look for an answer, we concentrate our attention on saline lakes. Every ecosystem has several alternative stable states and may demonstrate regime shifts, which are large, abrupt, persistent changes in the structure and function of a system. To understand the dynamics of ecosystems the Concept of Multiplicity of Ecosystem Alternative Stable States as a new ecological paradigm has been developed recently. The author analyzes the emerging paradigm using the case of saline lakes, and discusses how to base our adaptive environmental management on the developing paradigm. Different issues of development of the concept and its application to salinology as a scientific basis of an integrated management of a saline lake and its watershed are discussed. The concept may serve as one of the key theoretical elements of the scientific basis in sustainable environmental management.

关键词： adaptive management aquatic ecology environmental management saline lakes salinology

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Factors determining the average body size of geographically separated Arctodiaptomus salinus （Daday, 1885） populations

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Zoological Research 2014年第2期35卷 132-141页

作者： Elena v. Anufriieva institute of biology of the Southern Seas Department of Marine Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Sevastopol 99011 Ukraine MLR Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environments Institute of Mineral Resources Beijing 100037 China

Arctodiaptomus salinus inhabits water bodies across Eurasia and North Africa. Based on our own data and that from the literature, we analyzed the influences of several factors on the intra- and inter-population variability of this species. A strong negative linear correlation between temperature and average body size in the Crimean and African populations was found, in which the parameters might be influenced by salinity. Meanwhile, a significant negative correlation between female body size and the altitude of habitats was found by comparing body size in populations from different regions. Individuals from environments with highly varying abiotic parameters, e.g. temporary reservoirs, had a larger body size than individuals from permanent water bodies. The changes in average body mass in populations were at 11.4 times, whereas, those in individual metabolic activities were at 6.2 times. Moreover, two size groups of A. salinus in the Crimean and the Siberian lakes were observed. The ratio of female length to male length fluctuated between 1.02 and 1.30. The average size of A. salinus in populations and its variations were determined by both genetic and environmental factors. However, the parities of these factors were unequal in either spatial or temporal scales.

关键词： Copepoda Aretodiaptomus salinus Body size Sexual dimorphism variability

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Benthodytes tetrapapillata ***.,a new elasipodid sea cucumber(Elasipodida:Psychropotidae)from a seamount in the Western Pacific Ocean

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第5期41卷 1978-1987页

作者： Yunlu XIAO Ning XIAO Xiaoqi ZENG institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesSanya 572000China Department of marine Organism Taxonomy&Phylogeny Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental marine biology Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China institute of Evolution&marine Biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China

Benthodytes tetrapapillata *** collected from a seamount located on the Caroline Ridge at a depth of 2289 m,during the cruise of R/v Kexue in June *** provided detailed descriptions of external and deposits *** phylogenetic analyses based on cytochrome c oxidase I(COI)and a concatenated dataset of 16S and COI genes showed that the new species belonged to Benthodytes that is not *** details of morphological comparisons and molecular analyses confirmed that Benthodytes tetrapapillata *** a new psychropotid species.A state of main morphological characters in valid species of Benthodytes is also provided in this study.

关键词： Holothuroidea Benthodytes 16S cytochrome c oxidase I(COI) new species phylogenetic analysis

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