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Population response of rodents to control with rodenticides

Current Zoology 2009年第2期55卷 81-91页

作者： S.A. SHILOVA A.V. TCHABOVSKY a.n. severtsov institute of ecology and evolution 33

We summarize theoretical approaches and practice of rodent pest control in Russia and former USSR during last 50 years. We review literature as well as original data to understand mechanisms of rodent populations recovery after chemical control campaigns in urban areas, agricultural lands and natural foci of plague. Laboratory and field experiments indicate that inherent individual variation in behavioural, physiological and life-history traits provides survival of heterogeneous mix of individuals in residual population with increased resistance to poisonous baits and high reproductive potential that leads to fast recovery of a population. In a series of field experiments with various rodent and lagomorph species （Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Meriones unguiculatus, M. meridianus, M. tamariscinus, Ochotona pallasii ） we have shown that patterns of recolonization of depopulated area and mechanisms of population recovery vary among species and depend on species-specific social organization. After control territorial and group-living species demonstrated an increase in mobility and affiliative and marking behaviour and a decrease in intraspecific aggression. The rate of recolonization of treated areas was high due to redistribution of survived individuals and immigration by neighbors. Population recovered to original level due to increased breeding performance and fecundity of both survived residents and immigrants. In contrast, socially-independent species exhibited minor changes in behaviour. Recolonization was ma.n.y due to better survival and recruitment of youngs, so the rate of recolonization was low. Species-specificity of behavioural compensation mechanisms to control should be considered when developing ecologically based rodent management strategies

关键词： Rodent control Compensation mechanisms Rodenticides Field experiments

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Hymenopteran-specific TRPA cha.n.l from the Texas leaf cutter ant(Atta texana)is heat and cold activated and expression correlates with environmental temperature

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Insect Science 2025年第1期32卷 301-320页

作者： Julia M.York Timothy n.Taylor Sarah LaPotin Ying Lu Ulrich Mueller Department of evolution Ecologyand BehaviorUniversity of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaUSA Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at AustinAustinUSA institute for neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinUSA Department of Human Genetics University of UtahSalt Lake CityUSA

Leaf cutting ants of the genus Atta cultivate fungal gardens,carefully modifying environmental conditions to ma.n.a.n.optimal temperature for fungal *** nerves from Atta are highly temperature sensitive,but the underlying molecular sensor is ***,we utilize Atta texana(Texas leaf cutter ant)to investigate the molecular basis of ant temperature sensation and how it might have evolved as the range expanded northeast across Texas from ancestral populations in *** focus on transient receptor potential(TRP)cha.n.l genes,the best characterized temperature sensor proteins in *** texana antennae express 6 of 13 Hymenopteran TRP cha.n.l genes and sequences are under a mix of relaxed and intensified *** a behavioral assay,we find *** workers prefer 24℃(range 21−26℃)for fungal *** was no evidence of regulatory evolution across a temperature transect in Texas,but instead Hymenoptera-specific TRPA(HsTRPA)expression highly correlated with ambient *** expressed in vitro,HsTRPA from *** is temperature activated with Q10 values exceeding 100 on initial exposure to temperatures above 33℃.Surprisingly,HsTRPA also appears to be activated by cooling,and therefore to our knowledge,the first non-TRPA1 ortholog to be described with dual heat/cold activation and the first in any invertebrate.

关键词： electrophysiology evolution invertebrate leaf cutter ants temperature TRPcha.n.ls

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Females choose gentle, but not healthy or macho males in Campbell dwarf hamsters （Phodopus campbelli Thomas 1905）

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Current Zoology 2017年第5期63卷 545-554页

作者： Konstantin A. ROGOVIn Anastasiya M. KHRUSHCHOVA Olga.n. SHEKAROVa.n.na A. VASlLIEVa.n.na Yu VASILIEVA a.n. severtsov institute of ecology and evolution RAS Leninskii prospect 33 Moscow 119071 Russia

Androgen-dependent male sexual traits （STs） as well as immunocompetence are theoreticallyassumed to be key indicators of a male＇s quality for the mate-choosing female. We studied matechoice by sexually motivated （SM） females of Campbell＇s dwarf hamsters. Females chose between2 tethered male siblings that differed in expression of STs. Males were unrelated to the female andable to contact and copulate with her. In both males, we measured sex-related morphology ofbody mass, mid-ventral specific skin gland, ano-genital distance, and external testicular *** also estimated levels of blood testosterone and cortisol, specific T- and B-cell immune re-sponses to antigens, as well as aggressive and sexual dominance in sibling males through add-itional encounter experiments with another SM female （male sibs could freely compete for thefemale）. We found that SM females chose a partner among 2 male sibs and spent over 80% of theirtime on average with the preferred male compared with the non-preferred one. Her choice was notassociated with the first visit of the chosen male, with a higher expression of sex-related traits,higher levels of blood testosterone, or with aggressive dominance. The choice was not associatedwith the intensity of T-cell immune response to phitohemagglutinin （PHA）. Instead there was a ten-dency for a.n.gative relationship with the expression of STs and B-cell response to the antigenchallenge. The only character that unambiguously influenced female choice was the non-aggressive male to female grooming during sexual contact. There was no difference in breedingsuccess between preferred and non-preferred males paired with virgin females.

关键词： Campbell's dwarf hamsters, female mate choice, immunocompetence handicap, male-male aggression, sexual traits,testosterone.

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Age of maturation and behavioral tactics in male yellow ground squirrel Spermophilus fulvus during mating season

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Current Zoology 2014年第6期60卷 700-711页

作者： nina A. VASILIEVA Ekaterina V. PAVLOVA Sergey V. nAIDEnKO Andrey V.TCHABOVSKY a.n. severtsov institute of ecology and evolution Russian Academy of Sciences 33 Leninsky pr. Moscow 119071 Russia

Life-history theory predicts that in hibemators age of maturation is related positively to body size and negatively to the duration of active season aboveground. Yellow souslik is a large-sized ground squirrel with long hibernation, which suggests late maturation. We used four-year field observations of marked individuals to determine the age of maturation in males through analysis of age-dependent variation in body size, mass, androgen status, timing of spring emergence, ranging patterns and social behavior during the mating season. Yearling males were smaller, lighter, had lower level of fecal testosterone, emerged later and had smaller home ranges than older males. Social activity and the number of females encountered did not differ between age classes. After the second hibernation none of the studied parameters varied with age. Cluster analysis revealed two behavioral tactics：＂active＂ males （adults only） emerged earlier, ranged more widely, initiated more contacts, encountered more females and were heavier than ＂passive＂ males （both yearling and adult）. Thus, males of S. fulvus reached adult size and matured after two hibernations, which is relatively fast for such a big species with short active period. Indirect evidence for copulations and high variation among yearlings in all parameters suggest that some of them might successfully compete with adults. Active tactic of wandering and searching for females is energetically costly, and probably only adult males in good physical condition can afford it, whereas passive tactic of residing is energy saving and good for adults in poor condition and for yearlings that are continuing to grow.

关键词： Age of maturation Mating system Reproductive tactics Ground squirrel Spermophilusfulvus

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Sociability and pair-bonding in gerbils: a comparative experimental study

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 363-373页

作者： Andrey V. TCHABOVSKY Ludmila E. SAVInETSKAYa.n.talia L. OVCHInnIKOVA Alexandra SAFOnOVA Olga.n. ILCHEnKO Svetlana R. SAPOZHnIKOVa.n.na A. VASILIEVA Department of Vertebrate Zoology A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Moscow Russia Laboratory for Population ecology Lomonosov Moscow State University Russia Moscow Zoo Russia

In a study of gerbils with contrasting social and mating systems (group-living monogamous Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus, solitary nonterritorial promiscuous midday jird M. meridianus, and solitary territorial promiscuous pale gerbil Gerbillus perpallidus), we employed part ner pref ere nee tests (PPTs) to assess among-species variation in sociability and pair-bonding patterns and tested whether the nature of contact between individuals: direct contact (DC) versus nondirect contact (nDC) affected our results. We measured male pref ere nces as the time: 1) spe nt alone, 2) with familiar (partner), and 3) unfamiliar (stranger) female in the 3-chambered apparatus. Gerbil species differed strongly in sociability and male partner preferences. The time spent alone was a reliable indicator of species sociability indepe ndent of the nature of con tact, whereas the pattern and level of betwee n-species differe nces in male partner preferences depended on con tact type: DC PPTs, un like nDC-tests, discriminated well betwee n monogamous and promiscuous species. In the DC-tests, stranger-directed aggression and stranger avoidanee were observed both in the highly social monogamous M. unguiculatus and the solitary territorial promiscuous G. perpallidus, but not in the non territorial promiscuous M. meridianus. In M. unguiculatus, stranger avoidanee in the DC-tests increased the time spent with the partner, thus providing evidence of a partner preference that was not found in the nDC-tests, whereas in G. perpallidus, stran ger avoidance in creased the time spe nt alone. This first comparative experimental study of partner prefere nces in gerbils provides new in sights into the in terspecific variation in gerbil sociality and mating systems and sheds light on behavioral mechanisms un derlyi ng social fidelity and pair-b on ding.

关键词： gerbils mating systems partner preference test partner fidelity social systems stranger-directed aggression

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The modern state of the European saiga population(Saiga tatarica tatarica):mtDnA,DRB3 MHC gene,and microsatellite diversity

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第4期18卷 661-676页

作者： nadezhda Vladimirovna KASHInInA a.n. Anatolievna LUSHCHEKInA Pavel Alexandrovich SOROKIn Karina Karenovna TARASYAn Marina Vladimirovna KHOLODOVA a.n.severtsov institute of ecology and evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences MoscowRussia

InTRODUCTIOn The saiga antelope[Saiga tatarica(Linnaeus,1766)]is an extant representative of the large herbivorous mammals’complex of Pleistocene steppe-tundra ecosystem(Ba.n.kov et al.1961;Baryshnikov et al.1998).In the course of its evolutionary history,under the influence of global climate changes and later anthropogenic factors,the species experienced multiple changes in number and *** the last Ice Age,the saiga range in Eurasia was integral and achieved its maximum in the entire species history:In the west,it reached the Pyrenees and the Alps,and in the east inhabited Yakutia and Chukotka(Kahlke 2014).The disintegration of the range is directly related and correlates well with the destruction of tundra ecosystems(Baryshnikov et al.1998).Currently,there are two subspecies of the saiga:the Mongolian saiga,***(=***),and nominative subspecies,*** Mongolian subspecies is represented by a single saiga population in *** are four populations of the nominative subspecies in the arid ecosystems of Kazakhstan(Ural,Betpakdala,Ustyurt populations)and Russia.n.rthwest Pre-Caspian population).

关键词： ecosystems northwest subspecies

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Are population cycles recovering?

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 538-547页

作者： Vasily D.YAKUSHOV Boris I.SHEFTEL a.n.severtsov institute of ecology and evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences MoscowRussia

The dynamics of populations of small mammals of Central Siberia was *** studies were carried out at the Yenisei ecological station“Mirnoye”of the *** institute of ecology and evolution,Russian Academy of *** time series analysis was performed by the wavelet transform using the statistical data processing language *** the 20th century,the dynamics of the population of the community and some of its constituent species(Sorex araneus;***;***;***;***;Craseomys rufocanus;Clethrionomys rutilus;Microtus oeconomus;***)were characterized by a 4-year *** type of dynamics changed to noncyclic by the nineties,but by 2022,four species(***,***,***,and ***)and the community as a whole showed a tendency toward recovery of population *** rema.n.ng species were characterized by consistently low numbers with irregular low amplitude fluctuations.

关键词： population cycles small mammals time-series analysis wavelet transform

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Genetic structure of the Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)population:Are tigers in Sikhote-Alin and southwest Primorye truly isolated?

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第1期11卷 25-32页

作者： Pavel A.SOROKIn Vyatcheslav V.ROZHnOV a.n. U.KRa.n.nKO Victor S.LUKAREVSKIY Sergey V.nAIDEnKO Jose A.HERnAnDEZ-BLAnCO a.n.severtsov institute of ecology and evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia

We used molecular genetic analyses to noninvasively identify individual Amur tigers and define subpopulations of tigers in the Russian Far *** identified 63 individuals after genotyping 256 feces,7 hair and 11 blood samples collected within southern,central and northern Sikhote-Alin,as well as Southwest *** of nuclear DnA at 9 microsatellite loci demonstrated greater genetic similarity between animals from southern and northern Sikhote-Alin(some 500 km apart)than between animals from Ussuriskii State nature Reserve and Southwest Primorye(less than 10 km apart at their nearest point),suggesting that a true barrier exists preventing movements of tigers between Southwest Primorye and the southern Sikhote-Alin Mounta.n..

关键词： Amur tiger fecal DnA noninvasive genetic sampling Panthera tigris altaica

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Breeding versus survival:proximate causes of abrupt population decline under environmental change in a desert rodent,the midday gerbil(Meriones meridianus)

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第4期14卷 366-375页

作者： Andrey TCHABOVSKY Ludmila SAVInETSKAYA Elena SURKOVA Laboratory for Population ecology A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and EvolutionRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia

Studying abrupt ecological shifts under gradual environmental change caused,in particular,by human activity is important for understanding the fundamental aspects and underlying mechanisms of ecological *** of the rare well-documented examples of an abrupt ecological shift is the delayed step transition of the population of a desert rodent,the midday gerbil(Meriones meridianus),from high-abundance(1994-2002)to low-abundance(2003-2017)*** was in response to landscape transformation from desert to steppe caused by the drastic reduction of livestock in the rangelands of southern Russia after the collapse of the USSR in the early *** this study,we tested whether demographic parameters were correlated with the observed abrupt downward population *** found that reproductive activity(the percentage of breeding females,the number of litters,fecundity and the number of young recruited per female)showed no trend over time and did not differ between periods of high and low *** contrast,the adult sex ratio(SR=males:females)decreased significantly with time and was as much as twice more female-biased for the low-abundance population ***,SR was not related to any reproductive parameter,including the percentage of breeding fe*** conclude that proximate reasons for an abrupt population decline in *** are not associated with the changes in breeding patterns or mate limitation caused by the Allee effect but relate to the increased mortality as a result of the desert landscape being fragmented by *** mortality is expected to be higher for males as the mobile and dispersing sex.

关键词： demography landscape change rangelands reproduction threshold population dynamics

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Juvenile survival curves in a solitary ground squirrel with a prolonged hibernation:effects of individual characteristics,environment,and maternal investment

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 13-23页

作者： nina A.Vasilieva Liudmila E Savinetskaya Andrey V.Tchabovsky a.n.severtsov institute of ecology and evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119071Russia

Juvenile survival is a key life-history influence on population dynamics and adaptive *** analyzed the effects of individual chara-cteristics,early environment,and maternal investment on juvenile survival in a large solitary hibernating rodent-yellow ground squirrel Spermophilus fulvus using Cox mixed-effects *** 48%of weaned pups survived to dispersal and 17%survived to *** life expectancy was primarily determined by individual characteristics and,to a lesser extent,by the early *** strongest and pos-itive predictor of juvenile survival was body mass which crucially affected mortality immediately after *** suffered higher mortality than females after the onset of dispersal;however,the overall difference between sexes was partly masked by high rates of mortality in the first days after emergence in both *** emerged juveniles had lower life expectancy than the earliest *** overall effect of local juvenile density was *** lactation did not enhance juvenile survival:Pups nursed longer survived shorter than the young nursed for a shorter *** findings support the hypothesis that females of *** ca.n.t effectively regulate maternal expenditures to mitigate the effects of unfavorable conditions on their *** strategy to deal with seasonal time constra.n.s on life history in female *** suggests an early termination of maternal care at the cost of juvenile quality and *** female reproductive strategy corresponds to a"fast-solitary"life of folivorous desert-dwelling *** and other solitary ground squirrels with prolonged hibernation.

关键词： early-life conditions ground squirrels hibernation juvenile mortality maternal investment survival curves

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