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Modulatory effects of Azadirachta indica on benzo(a)pyrene-induced forestomach tumorigenesis in mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第17期12卷 2749-2755页

作者： Subhash Chander Gangar Rajat Sandhir Durg Vijay Rai Ashwani Koul Department of biophysics basic Medical Sciences block Panjab UniversityChandigarhPIN-160014India Department of biochemistry basic Medical Sciences block Panjab UniversityChandigarhPIN-160014India

AIM： To evaluate the chemopreventive effects of aqueous Azadimchta indica （A indica） leaf extract （AAILE） against benzo（a）pyrene [b（a）P]-induced forestomach tumorigenesis in balb/c mice. METHODS： Female balb/c mice were divided into four groups of 10-12 animals each. For induction of forestomach tumors, starting from d 14 of the experiment, mice of b（a）P and b（a）P＋A indica groups were given intra-gastric instillations of b（a）P （40 mg/kg）, twice a week for four weeks. Mice ofA indica and b（a）P＋A indica groups were orally administered with AAILE （100 mg/kg）, two weeks prior to b（a）P instillations till the end of the experiment. After 22 wk of the first b（a）P instillation, mice were sacrificed and the forestomachs were analyzed for development of tumors, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and histopathology. RESULTS： Tumor incidence was observed to be 100% in mice that received only b（a）P. However, treatment with AAILE reduced the tumor incidence by 58.4% as observed in mice of b（a）P＋A indica group when compared to that of b（a）P group. Similarly, the tumor burden and multiplicity were seen to decrease by 87.3% and 69.6% respectively in mice of b（a）P＋A indica group when compared to those of b（a）P group. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that AAILE treatment itself did not cause any abnormalities on the surface architecture of forestomach epithelium. In tumorous forestomach, surface disruption was observed. Over the forestomach tumors of b（a）P group of mice certain rounded structures were seen in addition to closely placed tongue-shaped squamous cells. Interestingly, these rounded structures were not observed in b（a）P ＋ A indica group of mice. Histopathalogically, the tumors were identical and diagnosed to be papillomas. Mice from control and A indica groups of mice did not develop any forestomach tumors and showed normal histo-architecture. CONCLUSION： The present data suggest that A indica exerts chemopreventive effects against b（a）P-induced forestomac

关键词： Azadirachta indica benzo(a)pyrene, Chemoprevention Histopathology Scanning electron microscopy

Historical origins of current IbD concepts

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2001年第2期7卷 175-184页

作者： Joseph b.Kirsner The Louis block Distinguished Service Professor of Medicine Department of MedicineUniversity of Chicago

INTRODUCTIONThe“nonspecific” inflammatory bowel diseases ,ulcerative colitis and Crohn,s represent a group of heterogeneous inflammatory and ulcerative disases of the small and large intestines of unknown etiology ,associated with many gastrointestinal and systemic complications .Appearing initially as isolated cases in Great britain and northern Europe during the 19th and early 20th centuries ,they have steadily increased numerically and geographically and today are recognized worldwide.

关键词： Colitis, Ulcerative Crohn Disease History, 16th Century History, 17th Century History, 18th Century History, 19th Century History, 20th Century Humans

“Liverscore”is predictive of both liver fi brosis and activity in chronic hepatitis C

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第41期17卷 4607-4613页

作者： Shoukat Ali Arain Qamar Jamal Amir Omair Department of Pathology Ziauddin University4/BShara-e-GhalibBlock 6 Clifton College of Medicine Alfaisal University Department of Medical Education King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences

AIM:To formulate a noninvasive index predictive of se-verity of liver f ibrosis and activity in chronic hepatitis ***:This cross sectional study was conducted on polymerase chain reaction positive,treatment nave *** was staged on a f ive point scale from F0-F4 and activity was graded on a four point scale from A0-A3,according to the METAVIR *** were divided into two overall severity groups,minimal disease(ble was identif ica-tion of minimal and signif icant overall *** were formulated using β regression values of different combinations of nine statistically significant *** performance of these indices was assessed through receiver-operating characteristic curve ***:A total of 98 patients were included and of these 46 had an overall clinically significant *** f inal six marker index,Liverscore for Hepatitis C,consisted of age,alanine transaminase,gamma-gluta-myl transpeptidase,apolipoprotein A-1,alpha-2 macro-globulin and hyaluronic *** area under the curve was found to be *** a 0-1 scale,negative predic-tive value at a cutoff level of ≤ 0.40 was 83%,while positive predictive value at ≥ 0.80 remained 89%.Al-together,61% of the patients had these discriminative ***:This index is discriminative of minimal and significant overall liver disease in a majority of chronic hepatitis C patients and can help in clinical de-cision making.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis C Staging and grading Liver fibrosis and activity, Noninvasive assessment Liverscore

Field instrumentation for real-time measurement of soil-water characteristic curve

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第4期10卷 586-596页

作者： Abdul Halim Hamdany Yuanjie Shen Alfrendo Satyanaga Harianto Rahardjo Tsen-Tieng Daryl Lee Xuefeng Nong School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversityBlock N1#B1a-01a50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nazarbayev UniversityNur-Sultan010000Kazakhstan School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversityBlock N1#1B-3650 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798 CUGE Research National Parks Board Singapore1 Cluny RdSingapore259569

Suction measurement has a vital role in unsaturated soil ***,measuring soil suction remains a challenging task due to a number of issues such as the limited range of suction measurement,cavitation,or long equilibrium *** is even more challenging when the suction measurement is to be carried on the ***,the development of a new suction measurement device which is able to measure high suction range for a long duration without tedious maintenance and yet portable enough for site measurement is *** this study,a new sensor which is referred to as NTU Osmotic Tensiometer was developed along with the method to correct for decay and *** NTU osmotic tensiometer is based on polymer swelling capacity in order to measure in-situ soil suction in real time for a very long *** requires minimum maintenance as the polymer-based sensor is not affected by the cavitation ***,correction for decay and temperature is of paramount importance and therefore explained in this *** of the NTU osmotic tensiometer was carried out by comparing the field measurement results from the NTU osmotic tensiometer and the small tip *** performance of the NTU osmotic tensiometer was found to be comparable with that of the small tip tensiometer,but the NTU osmotic tensiometer is able to measure more than 100 kPa soil ***,it is possible to obtain the field soil-water characteristic curve by combining the measured in-situ soil suction from the NTU osmotic tensiometer with the measured in-situ water content from the moisture sensor as illustrated in the paper.

关键词： Suction measurement Tensiometer Moisture sensor SWCC Field measurement

Fractional Optimal Golomb Ruler based WDM Channel Allocation

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 631-632页

作者： Vrizlynn L. L. Thing M. K. Rao P. Shum Nanyang Technological University School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Block S2 S2-B3c-23 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798Nanyang Technological University School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Block S2 S2-B3c-23 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798Nanyang Technological University School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Block S2 S2-B3c-23 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798

A novel channel allocation method, based on optimal golomb ruler, that allows reduction of FWM effect while maintaining bandwidth efficiency, is presented. Simulation is carried out to show performance improvement in ... 详细信息

关键词： WDM as In of be for FWM OGR

Security Governance in East Asia and China’s Response to COVID-19

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2021年第2期14卷 153-172页

作者： Mely Caballero-Anthony Lina Gong S.Rajaratnam School of International Studies Nanyang Technological UniversityBlock S4B350 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore

A non-state centric approach challenged the concept of security governance in response to a changed security environment,bringing fragmentation of authority and heterarchical structures into the *** existing studies on this approach are largely contextualized from the European experience and developments in its security *** leads to the questions as to whether and how non-state centric security governance occurs in other *** article contributes to the literature by studying security governance in East Asia,where the state is a dominant feature in security governance,and through the lens of non-traditional security,with China’s COVID-19 response as a case *** this particular case,we find that security governance that opens spaces for greater involvement of actors beyond the state could happen,albeit in a more circumscribed manner and subject of certain *** identify three conditions that catalyze the opening of governance spaces:when the capacity of the state is stretched to the limits,when the legitimacy of the government is under pressure,and when there is trust between the government and other actors.

关键词： Security governance COVID-19 response Non-state actors East Asia China

The treatment of the“untreatable”patient-revisited

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003年第5期9卷 885-887页

作者： Joseph b. Kirsner The Louis block Distinguished Service Professor of Medicine Section of GastroenterologyDepartment of Medicineuniversity of ChicagoUSA

The limits of medicine have not yet been reached. Numerous human illnesses initially thought to be incurable are reversible under unique and unpredictable individual *** paper, and the preceding companion publication,describes instances of the successful treatment of patients previously labeled as untreatable, including instances of severe ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

关键词：消化道疾病难治性疾病急性溃疡性大肠炎克隆病综述

Lycopene modulates cellular proliferation, glycolysis and hepatic ultrastructure during hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第29期8卷 1222-1233页

作者： Prachi Gupta Nisha bhatia Mohinder Pal bansal Ashwani Koul Department of biophysics Basic Medical Sciences Block Ⅱ Panjab University

AIMTo investigate the effect of lycopene extracted from tomatoes (LycT) on ultrastructure, glycolytic enzymes, cell proliferation markers and hypoxia during N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODSFemale bALb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: The Control, NDEA (200 mg NDEA/kg b.w. given i.p.), LycT (5 mg/kg b.w. given orally on alternate days) and LycT + NDEA group. The mRNA and protein expression of various cell proliferation markers (PCNA, Cyclin D1, and p21) were assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The ultrastructure of hepatic tissue was analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The enzymatic activity of glycolytic enzymes was estimated using standardized protocols, while glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity level was estimated using a kit obtained from Reckon Diagnostic P. Ltd. (India). RESULTSUncontrolled proliferation in the liver of NDEA (P ≤ 0.001) mice was evident from the high expression of cell-proliferation associated genes (PCNA, Cyclin D1, and p21) when compared to control and LycT mice. In addition, enhanced activities of hexokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, aldolase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α were observed in NDEA mice as compared to control (P ≤ 0.001) and LycT (P ≤ 0.001) mice. The alterations in hepatic ultrastructure observed in the NDEA group correlated with the changes in the above parameters. LycT pre-treatment in NDEA-challenged mice ameliorated the investigated pathways disrupted by NDEA treatment. Moreover, hepatic electron micrographs from the LycT + NDEA group showed increased macrophages, apoptotic bodies and well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in comparison to undifferentiated HCC as observed in the NDEA treated group. CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that dietary supplementation with LycT has a multidimensional role in preventing HCC de

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Ultrastructure Hypoxia Cell proliferation Lycopene Glycolysis

Security Governance and ASEAN's Political Security Community:Fragmented but Inclusive Security Communities?

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2020年第1期13卷 151-167页

作者： Mely Caballero-Anthony S.Rajaratnam School of International Studies(RSIS) Block S4Level B4-2&50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore

The establishment of the ASEAN Political and Security(APSC)in 2015 mimics the notion of a security community where member states are imbued with deep habits of cooperation,mutual trust,a sense of'we-feeling'and the ability to manage security problems together with no prospects of any member going to war with *** does a security community provide sufficient foundation for security governance in Southeast Asia?The idea of security governance,defined as a set of processes and arrangements carried out by a range of state and non-state actors across multiple levels from the local to the international that are aimed at defining and managing security challenges,requires a movement beyond state-centric approaches to one that is more participatory and *** the APSC's people-centred rhetoric,there are inherent tensions in security practices in ASEAN as states hold on to the principles of non-interference and state sovereignty,while having to respond effectively to address a host of non-traditional *** tensions have led to the emergence of multiple sites of governance that are changing the nature of security governance in the *** analysing the cases of civilian protection in times of humanitarian crises and forced migration,the paper argues that multiple sites of governance point to the need to reassess the APSC as a mechanism for security governance and explore the idea of having fragmented but more inclusive and participatory security communities that work together towards the shared goal of more secure region.

关键词： ASEAN Political and security community Security governance Nonstate actors Civil society networks