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Physico-chemical properties and macrofauna of soils under various farming systems of cold arid region in Balochistan,Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第8期21卷 2618-2630页

作者： KHAN Mehmood GUL Shamim KAKAR Hidayatullah PANEZAI Sanaullah KHAN Nayab ZIAD Tariq NASEEM Mahrukh SHAHEEN Umbreen Department of Botany University of BalochistanQuetta 87300Pakistan Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University21111 Lakeshore Road Ste.Anne de BellevueQuébec H9X 3V9Canada Directorate of Agriculture Research Soil and Water TestingAgricultural Research InstituteQuetta 87300Pakistan Department of Geography and Regional Planning University of BalochistanQuetta 87300Pakistan Department of Zoology University of BalochistanQuetta 87300Pakistan

Barshore is a small village in the Pishin District,Balochistan,Pakistan,with dry summers and cold rainy *** is an agrarian region,mostly with orchards of various fruit *** study investigated the physico-chemical properties and macrofauna of soils under various agricultural management practices of this *** concentrations of soil organic matter(SOM),soil organic carbon(SOC),nutrients,pH,electrical conductivity,soil texture,and the abundance and number of species of soil macrofauna of the agricultural fields were *** agricultural fields were *** fields were orchards of apple,apricot or the mixture of apple and apricot trees and one field was a cropland,cultivated with wheat as a *** orchards were under conservation agricultural practices;whereas,the cropland was under conventional *** agricultural lands were 2-26 years *** concentration of soil organic matter(SOM)in the upper 0-10 cm depth of these field sites ranged from 11.6 g kg^(-1)to 32.8 g kg^(-1)*** compared to cropland,orchards had significantly higher concentration of SOM and SOC.A total of 18 soil macrofauna species were found and the most common and abundant were ants(Monomorium minimum,Camponotus pennsylvanicus,Solenopsis invicta,and Lasius niger)followed by Arion ssp.(Brown Slug)and earthworm Lumbricus *** analysis revealed non-significant relationship of the age and the concentration of SOM with the number of macrofauna species and with the concentrations of total mineral nitrogen,bioavailable phosphorus and *** existence of ants had no relationship with the concentration of SOM;whereas,existence of Lumbricus terrestris tended to had a positive relationship with the concentration of *** field of tree-based intercropping system was 2 years of age since the land was converted from rangeland to a cropland,had two ant species *** indicates the positive influence of crop diversification on soil

关键词： Soil organic matter Macrofauna Land use history Tree-based intercropping Conservation agriculture

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Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma: A clinicopathological update

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 766-775页

作者： Mukul Vij Fadl H Veerankutty Ashwin Rammohan Mohamed Rela Department of Pathology Institute of Liver Disease and TransplantationChennai 600044India Comprehensive Liver Care Institute VPS LakeshoreCochin 682040India Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation Dr.Rela Institute and Medical CentreChennai 600044India

Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma(cHCC-CCA)is a rare primary liver cancer associated with an appalling *** diagnosis and manage-ment of this entity have been challenging to physicians,radiologists,surgeons,pathologists,and oncologists *** diagnostic and prognostic value of biomarkers such as the immunohistochemical expression of nestin,a progenitor cell marker,have been explored *** a better understanding of biology and the clinical course of cHCC-CCA,newer treatment modalities like immune checkpoint inhibitors are being tried to improve the survival of patients with this rare *** this review,we give an account of the recent developments in the pathology,diagnostic approach,and management of cHCC-CCA.

关键词： Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma Immunotherapy Nestin Hepatocellular carcinoma Cholangiocarcinoma Liver cancer Biomarker Immune checkpoint inhibitors Pathology Genomic landscape

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Effects of soil metal(loid)s pollution on microbial activities and environmental risks in an abandoned chemical smelting site

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 60-70页

作者： Hao Li Jun Yao Jianli Liu Ning Min Geoffrey Sunahara Dongyang Men Robert Duran School of Water Resources and Environment Research Center of Environmental Science and EngineeringChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University21111Lakeshore DriveSte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebecH9X 3V9Canada Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie MELODY groupUniversitéde Pau et des Pays de l’AdourE2S-UPPAIPREM UMR CNRS 5254BP 115564013 Pau CedexFrance

Abandoned chemical smelting sites containing toxic substances can seriously threaten and pose a risk to the surrounding ecological *** samples were collected from different depths(0 to 13 m)and analyzed for metal(loid)s content and fractionation,as well as microbial *** potential ecological risk indices for the different soil depths(ordered from high to low)were:1 m(D-1)>surface(S-0)>5 m(D-5)>13 m(D-13)>9 m(D-9),ranging between 1840.65-13,089.62,and representing extremely high environmental risks,of which Cd(and probably not arsenic)contributed to the highest environmental risk.A modified combined pollution risk index(MCR)combining total content and mobile proportion of metal(loid)s,and relative toxicities,was used to evaluate the degree of contamination and potential environmental *** the near-surface samples(S-0 and D-1 layers),the MCR considered that As,Cd,Pb,Sb,and Zn achieved high and alarming degrees of contamination,whereas Fe,Mn,and Ti were negligible or low to moderate pollution *** microcalorimetry and enzymatic activity measurements of contaminated soil samples were used to assess the microbial metabolic activity *** analysis elucidated the relationship between metal(loid)s exchangeable fraction or content and microbial activity characteristics(p<0.05).The microbial metabolic activity in the D-1 layer was low presumably due to heavy metal *** activity indicators and microcalorimetric growth rate(k)measurements were considered sensitive indicators to reflect the soil microbial activities in abandoned chemical smelting sites.

关键词： Abandoned chemical smelting sites Microbial activities Modified combined pollution risk Microcalorimetry Enzymatic activities

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Analysis of the effect of bore centerline on projectile exit conditions in small arms

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第12期18卷 2160-2169页

作者： David Leonhardt Mark Garnich Miljenko Lucic College of Engineering University of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch8140New Zealand Novacam Technologies Inc. 277 Lakeshore Road Suite#4Pointe-ClaireQuebecH9S 4L2Canada

Most finite element models of small arms focus on an idealized barrel,typically one with a perfectly straight bore *** five different experimentally measured bore centerlines,this investigation analyzes the effect centerline nonlinearity has on projectile exit *** includes the effect of rotating a centerline through several *** using Abaqus/Explicit,this dynamic analysis simulates a single firing cycle for each *** jump is calculated for each model as a measure of the effects of warped *** warped centerlines have a small effect on barrel dynamics.

关键词： Finite element analysis Small arms Barrel dynamics Bore centerline

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In vitro immunotoxicity of untreated and treated urbanwastewaters using various treatment processes to rainbow trout leucocytes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第7期25卷 1400-1407页

作者： Franois Gagné Marlène Fortier Michel Fournier Shirley-Anne Smyth Emerging Methods Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Water Science and Technology Environment Canada105 McGill Street Montral Qubec Canada INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier 531 boul.des Prairies Laval Qubec Canada Effluents and Wastewaters Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Water Science and Technology Environment Canada867 Lakeshore Road BurlingtonOntario Canada

Municipal effluents are known to impede the immune system of aquatic organisms. The purpose of this studywas to examine the immunotoxicity of urbanwastewaters before and after 6 treatment processes from 12 cities toward trout leucocytes. Freshly prepared trout leucocyteswere exposed to increasing concentrations of solid phase （C18） extracts ofwastewaters for24 hr at 15°C. Immunocompetencewasdetermined by following changes in leucocyte viability and the proportion of cells able to ingest at least one （immunoactivity） and at least three （immunoefficiency） fluorescent beads. The influentswere treated by sixdifferent treatment strategies consisting of facultative aerated lagoons, activated sludge, biological aerated filter, biological nutrient removal, chemically-assisted physical treatment and trickling filter/solid contact. Water quality parameters of thewastewaters revealed that the plants effectively removed total suspended solids and reduced the chemical oxygendemand. The results revealed that the effluents＇ immunotoxic propertieswere generally more influenced by the properties of the untreatedwastewaters than by the treatment processes. About half of the incoming influentsdecreased leucocyte viabilitywhile4 treatment plantswere able to reduce toxicity. The influents readily increased phagocytosis activity for 8/12 influentswhile itwasdecreased in4/12 influents. This increasewas abolished for4/12 of the effluents using treatments involving biological and oxidative processes. In conclusion, municipal effluents have the potential to alter the immune system in fish and more researchwill be needed to improve the treatments ofwastewaters to better protect the quality of the aquatic environment.

关键词： municipal effluents fish leucocytes viability phagocytosis

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Sensitivity analysis of the DehumReq model to evaluate the impact of predominant factors on dehumidification requirement of greenhouses in cold regions

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2023年第2期10卷 216-228页

作者： Md Sazan Rahman Huiqing Guo Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Saskatchewan57 Campus driveSaskatoonSK S7N 5A9Canada Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill UniversityMacdonald Stewart Building21111 Lakeshore RoadSainte-Anne-de-BellevueQC H9X 3V9Canada

In this study,the sensitivity of a novel dehumidification requirement model(DehumReq)is analyzed to evaluate the effect of the predominant factors on the dehumidification needs of the *** hourly dehumidification demand and sensitivity coefficient(SC)are estimated for three different seasons:warm(July),mild(May),and cold(November),by using the local sensitivity analysis *** on SC values,the solar radiation,air exchange,leaf area index(LAI),and indoor setpoints(temperature,relative humidity(RH),and water vapor partial pressure(WVPP))have significant impact on the dehumidifi-cation needs,and the impact varies from season to *** parameters have a higher SC in summer,whereas solar radiation and LAI have a higher SC in mild *** dehumidification load increases 4 times of its base value with increasing solar radiation by 200 W/m^(2),and the highest LAI(10)caused 5 times increment of the *** changing of WVPP from its base value(1.5 kPa)to maximum(2.9 kPa)reduces the load 70%in *** exchange was found to be the most crucial parameter because it is the main dehumidification approach that has a large range and is easily adjustable for any *** air exchange by ventilation or infiltration will reduce the dehumidification load to zero in May and November and minimizes it to only nighttime load in *** the other parameters,higher ambient air RH and indoor air speed will result in higher the dehumidification load;whereas higher inner surface condensation will result in lower dehumidifi-cation *** result of this study will assist in the selection of the most efficient moisture control strategies and techniques for greenhouse humidity control.

关键词： Greenhouse Dehumidification DehumReq model Sensitivity analysis Solar radiation Air exchange

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Comparison of sampling designs for calibrating digital soil maps at multiple depths

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Pedosphere 2022年第4期32卷 588-601页

作者： Yakun ZHANG Daniel D.SAURETTE Tahmid Huq EASHER Wenjun JI Viacheslav I.ADAMCHUK Asim BISWAS University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Soil ScienceFD Hole Soils Lab1525 Observatory DriveMadison WI 53706USA School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph50 Stone Road EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1Canada College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill University21111 Lakeshore RoadSte-Anne-de-Bellevue QC H9X 3V9Canada

Digital soil mapping (DSM) aims to produce detailed maps of soil properties or soil classes to improve agricultural management and soil quality assessment. Optimized sampling design can reduce the substantial costs and efforts associated with sampling, profile description, and laboratory analysis. The purpose of this study was to compare common sampling designs for DSM, including grid sampling (GS), grid random sampling (GRS), stratified random sampling (StRS), and conditioned Latin hypercube sampling (cLHS). In an agricultural field (11 ha) in Quebec, Canada, a total of unique 118 locations were selected using each of the four sampling designs (45 locations each), and additional 30 sample locations were selected as an independent testing dataset (evaluation dataset). Soil visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectra were collected in situ at the 148 locations (1 m depth), and soil cores were collected from a subset of 32 locations and subdivided at 10-cm depth intervals, totaling 251 samples. The Cubist model was used to elucidate the relationship between Vis-NIR spectra and soil properties (soil organic matter (SOM) and clay), which was then used to predict the soil properties at all 148 sample locations. Digital maps of soil properties at multiple depths for the entire field (148 sample locations) were prepared using a quantile random forest model to obtain complete model maps (CM-maps). Soil properties were also mapped using the samples from each of the 45 locations for each sampling design to obtain sampling design maps (SD-maps). The SD-maps were evaluated using the independent testing dataset (30 sample locations), and the spatial distribution and model uncertainty of each SD-map were compared with those of the corresponding CM-map. The spatial and feature space coverage were compared across the four sampling designs. The results showed that GS resulted in the most even spatial coverage, cLHS resulted in the best coverage of the feature space, and GS and cLHS resu

关键词： 3D digital soil mapping conditioned Latin hypercube sampling grid sampling quantile random forest model stratified random sampling

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Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction for the Permian(lower Gondwana)succession of the Godavari Valley Coalfield in southern India based on a combined palynofacies,carbon isotope,and biomarker study

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2022年第1期11卷 123-144页

作者： Neha Aggarwal Runcie Paul Mathews Arif Husain Ansari Biswajeet Thakur Shailesh Agrawal Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences 53 University RoadLucknow 226007India

The study presents integrated palynofacies,organic carbon isotope,and biomarker data to reconstruct palaeoenviromental setting for the Permian sediments(borehole MGK-6)of the Kachinapalli block of the Godavari Valley Coalfield,southern *** palynofacies data reveal three distinct palynofacies(A-C)as *** A is dominated by abundant arborescent vegetation(glossopterids and conifers)along with structured organic matter,suggesting freshwater forest swamps in proximal *** B is dominated by abundant degraded organic matter and amorphous organic matter,suggesting lakeshore/flooded palaeomires in slightly dismal *** has a high water level in the hinterland,which enables bacterial degradation of organic matter and establishes low-oxygenation conditions within the water *** conditions would have provided grounds for the accumulation of either degraded or amorphous organic *** C is dominated by the abundance of charcoal/opaque phytoclasts,indicating prolonged transportation or postdepositional alteration,suggesting a highly-oxidizing condition in distal *** bulk organic δ^(13)C range(-25.1‰ to-20.9‰)in the borehole MGK-6 is in close agreement with the global Permian *** study also shows a weak but statistically significant correlation with the major forms of palynofacies A and *** interlinked behaviour of bulk organic δ^(13)C and palynofacies suggests that the changes in palaeobiogeography/palaeodepositional settings were most likely driven by the change in mean annual *** biomarker study shows the presence of n-alkane from C_(15) to C_(31) with unimodal and bimodal distribution patterns,revealing the source materials as vascular plants and microbially-altered organic *** combined palynofacies,organic carbon isotope,and biomarker data provide vital clue to salient findings for the development of environmental conditions of Godavari Valley Coalfield during lower Gond

关键词： Artinskian Guadalupian Depositional environment Carbon isotope Biomarker Godavari valley coalfield

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Independent principal component analysis for simulation of soil water content and bulk density in a Canadian Watershed

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2016年第3期4卷 151-158页

作者： Alaba Boluwade Chandra A.Madramootoo Department of Bioresource Engineering McDonald Campus of McGill University 21111 Lakeshore RoadSte-Anne-De-BellevueQuebec H9X3V9Canada

Accurate characterization of soil properties such as soil water content(SWC)and bulk density(BD)is vital for hydrologic processes and thus,it is importance to estimateθ(water content)andρ(soil bulk density)among other soil surface parameters involved in water retention and infiltration,runoff generation and water erosion,*** spatial estimation of these soil properties are important in guiding agricultural management *** soil properties vary both in space and time and are ***,it is important to find an efficient and robust technique to simulate spatially correlated *** such as principal component analysis(PCA)and independent component analysis(ICA)can be used for the joint simulations of spatially correlated variables,but they are not without their *** study applied a variant of PCA called independent principal component analysis(IPCA)that combines the strengths of both PCA and ICA for spatial simulation of SWC and BD using the soil data set from an 11 km^(2) Castor watershed in southern Quebec,*** checks using the histograms and cumulative distribution function(cdf)both raw and back transformed simulations show good ***,the results from this study has potential in characterization of water content variability and bulk density variation for precision agriculture.

关键词： Spatial variability Soil properties Agricultural decision-making Independent principal component analysis

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Decompressive craniectomy in herpes simplex encephalitis

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2015年第1期2卷 182-186页

作者： Muhammed Jasim Abdul Jalal Shirley Joan Fernandez Prithvi Varghese Murali Krishna Menon Department of Family Medicine Lakeshore Hospital and Research CentreKochii 682040KeralaIndia Department of Neurology Lakeshore Hospital and Research CentreKochii 682040KeralaIndia Department of Neurosurgery Lakeshore Hospital and Research CentreKochii 682040KeralaIndia

Intracranial hypertension is a common cause of morbidity in herpes simplex encephalitis(HSE).HSE is the most common form of acute viral *** we report a case of HSE in which decompressive craniectomy was performed to treat refractory intracranial hypertension.A 32-year-old male presented with headache,vomiting,fever,and focal seizures involving the right upper *** fluid-meningoencephalitic profile was positive for herpes *** resonance image of the brain showed swollen and edematous right temporal lobe with increased signal in gray matter and subcortical white matter with loss of gray,white differentiation in T2-weighted *** craniectomy was performed in view of refractory intracranial *** surgery for HSE with refractory hypertension can positively affect patient survival,with good outcomes in terms of cognitive functions.

关键词： Decompressive craniectomy herpes simplex encephalitis refractory intracranial hypertension

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