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Property of Tensor Satisfying Binary Law

Journal of Modern Physics 2017年第6期8卷 944-963页

作者： Koji Ichidayama 716-0002 okayama Japan716000

I report the reason why Tensor satisfying Binary Law has relations toward physics in this article. Q: The n th-order covariant derivative of the Vector {Aμ, Aμ}:(n=1) satisfying Binary Law. R: The n th-order covariant derivative of the Vector {Aμ, Aμ}:(n≥2) satisfying Binary Law. I have reported in other articles about Q. I report R in this article. I obtained the following results in this. I got the conclusion that derived function became 0. The derived function becoming 0 in the n th-order covariant derivative of the covariant vector Aμhere in the case of n=2. Similarly, in the n th-order covariant derivative of the contravariant vector Aμin the case of n=4 .

关键词： Tensor Covariant Derivative

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Introduction of the Tensor Which Satisfied Binary Law

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Journal of Modern Physics 2017年第1期8卷 126-132页

作者： Koji Ichidayama 716-0002 okayama Japan716000

P: For every coordinate system, there is no immediate reason for preferring certain systems of co-ordinates to others. If we don’t recognize that P is establishment, we must recognize to existence of the absolute coordinate system. Therefore, we must recognize that P is establishment. Nevertheless, I got conclusion that P isn’t es-tablishment for all coordinate systems . If P is establishment, this is the trouble. As against, I got conclusion that if we consider “Binary Law” for all coordinate systems , P is establishment for all coordinate systems . If we consider Binary Law for all coordinate systems , we must consider Binary Law for the coordinate systems using into Tensor, too. So, I decided to report for the Tensor which satisfied Binary Law.

关键词： Tensor Covariant Derivative

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Characterization of peach tree crown by using high-resolution images from an unmanned aerial vehicle

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Horticulture Research 2018年第1期5卷 22-31页

作者： Yue Mu Yuichiro Fujii Daisuke Takata Bangyou Zheng Koji Noshita Kiyoshi Honda Seishi Ninomiya Wei Guo International Field Phenomics Research Laboratory Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem ServicesThe University of Tokyo1-1-1 Midori-choNishi-TokyoTokyo188-0002Japan Research Institute for Agriculture Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for AgricultureForestry and Fisheries1174-1 KodaokiAkaiwaOkayama709-0801Japan Fukushima University 1 KanayagawaFukushimaFukushima960-1248Japan CSIRO Agriculture and Food Queensland Bioscience Precinct306 Carmody RoadSt.LuciaQLD4067Australia JST PRESTO Kawaguchi Center Building4-1-8 HonchoKawaguchiSaitama332-0012Japan Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo1-1-1 YayoiBunkyoTokyo113-8657Japan International Digital Earth Applied Science Research Center Chubu University1200 MatsumotochoKasugaiAichi-ken487-8501Japan

In orchards, measuring crown characteristics is essential for monitoring the dynamics of tree growth and optimizing farm management. However, it lacks a rapid and reliable method of extracting the features of trees with an irregular crown shape such as trained peach trees. Here, we propose an efficient method of segmenting the individual trees and measuring the crown width and crown projection area (CPA) of peach trees with time-series information, based on gathered images. The images of peach trees were collected by unmanned aerial vehicles in an orchard in okayama, Japan, and then the digital surface model was generated by using a Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS) based software. After individual trees were identified through the use of an adaptive threshold and marker-controlled watershed segmentation in the digital surface model, the crown widths and CPA were calculated, and the accuracy was evaluated against manual delineation and field measurement, respectively. Taking manual delineation of 12 trees as reference, the root-mean-square errors of the proposed method were 0.08 m (R^(2) = 0.99) and 0.15 m (R^(2) = 0.93) for the two orthogonal crown widths, and 3.87 m2 for CPA (R^(2) = 0.89), while those taking field measurement of 44 trees as reference were 0.47 m (R^(2) = 0.91), 0.51 m (R^(2) = 0.74), and 4.96 m2 (R^(2) = 0.88). The change of growth rate of CPA showed that the peach trees grew faster from May to July than from July to September, with a wide variation in relative growth rates among trees. Not only can this method save labour by replacing field measurement, but also it can allow farmers to monitor the growth of orchard trees dynamically.

关键词： crown tree watershed

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ApoE isoforms,treatment of diabetes and the risk of coronary heart disease

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World Journal of Diabetes 2012年第3期3卷 54-59页

作者： Hideki Ehara Ritsuko Yamamoto-Honda Hiroji Kitazato Yoshihiko Takahashi Shoji Kawazu Yasuo Akanuma Mitsuhiko Noda the Institute for Adult Diseases Asahi Life Foundation2-2-6Nihonbashi-bakurochoChuo-kuTokyo 103-0002Japan Ehara Medical Clinic 1-10 Shouwa-choTuyamacityOkayama 708-0886Japan Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine and Diabetes Research Center National Center for Global Health and Medicine1-21-1 ToyamaShinjuku-kuTokyo 162-8655Japan Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Oomori Red Cross Hospital 4-30-11 ChuoOota-kuTokyo 143-8527Japan

AIM:To analyze the risk of coronary heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)receiving standard medical ***:We performed a retrospective chart analysis of 269 middle-aged patients(age 45-64 years,mean age,53.9±5.5 years)with T2DM and without atherosclerotic cardiovascular events who underwent typing to determine their apolipoprotein E(apoE)*** apoE isoforms were determined using isoelectric focusing,followed by *** retrospectively evaluated the charts of the 269 patients,recorded between their first visit to the hospital(the study's start point,between 1987 and 1992)and the occurrence of an atherosclerotic cardiovascular event(the study's endpoint)or January 2004,whichever came *** age-adjusted mean values and the prevalences of covariates were calculated to compare the laboratory data among the apoE *** investigate the association of risk factors with the incidence of coronary heart disease during the follow-up period,monovariate and multivariate Cox regression models were ***:At enrollment,the mean serum low density lipoprotein(LDL)cholesterol levels were lowest(2.92± 0.89 mmol/L)among the subjects with apoE2(apoE2/2 or apoE2/3)and highest(3.52±0.77 mmol/L)among the subjects with apoE4(apoE3/4 or apoE4/4).No significant differences in mean age or the percentage of smokers were observed among the three ***,no significant differences were observed in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures,body mass index,HbA1c level or serum triglyceride levels among the three *** were 47 cases of coronary heart disease over 3285 person-years of *** age-adjusted multivariate Cox proportional model identified diabetic retinopathy(hazard ratio,2.38,95% CI:1.28-4.43,P=0.006),a high systolic blood pressure(hazard ratio,1.04,95%CI:1.02-1.06,P<0.001) and high HbA1c values(hazard ratio,1.19,95%CI:1.02-1.38,P=0.0029),but not the LDL cholesterol value at enrollment(hazard ra

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Atherosclerosis Apolipoprotein E isoform

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