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现代制造 2019年第1期 30-32页

作者： 3d systems 3d systems

位于亚利桑那州钱德勒的Sonic Aerospace的员工将他们始终如一地及时向客户交付零件的主要原因之一归功于GibbsCAM软件,他们的客户均为主航天器及火箭公司的一级供应商。

关键词：太空探索客户风险亚利桑那州 CAM软件供应商航天器火箭

Customized scaffolds for large bone defects using 3d‑printed modular blocks from 2d‑medical images

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Bio-design and Manufacturing 2024年第1期7卷 74-87页

作者： Anil AAcar Evangelos daskalakis Paulo Bartolo Andrew Weightman Glen Cooper Gordon Blunn Bahattin Koc Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci UniversityIstanbul 34956Türkiye d Bioprinting Laboratory Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application CenterIstanbul 34956Türkiye School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringManchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Singapore Centre for 3d Printing School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12UPUK

Additive manufacturing(AM)has revolutionized the design and manufacturing of patient-specific,three-dimensional(3d),complex porous structures known as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.The use of advanced image acquisition techniques,image processing,and computer-aided design methods has enabled the precise design and additive manufacturing of anatomically correct and patient-specific implants and scaffolds.However,these sophisticated techniques can be timeconsuming,labor-intensive,and expensive.Moreover,the necessary imaging and manufacturing equipment may not be readily available when urgent treatment is needed for trauma patients.In this study,a novel design and AM methods are proposed for the development of modular and customizable scaffold blocks that can be adapted to fit the bone defect area of a patient.These modular scaffold blocks can be combined to quickly form any patient-specific scaffold directly from two-dimensional(2d)medical images when the surgeon lacks access to a 3d printer or cannot wait for lengthy 3d imaging,modeling,and 3d printing during surgery.The proposed method begins with developing a bone surface-modeling algorithm that reconstructs a model of the patient’s bone from 2d medical image measurements without the need for expensive 3d medical imaging or segmentation.This algorithm can generate both patient-specific and average bone models.Additionally,a biomimetic continuous path planning method is developed for the additive manufacturing of scaffolds,allowing porous scaffold blocks with the desired biomechanical properties to be manufactured directly from 2d data or images.The algorithms are implemented,and the designed scaffold blocks are 3d printed using an extrusion-based AM process.Guidelines and instructions are also provided to assist surgeons in assembling scaffold blocks for the self-repair of patient-specific large bone defects.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Modular scaffolds Large bone defect Customized scaffold design Patient-specific scaffolds

协同连续布筋增韧喷射3d打印混凝土的抗弯性能

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材料导报 2024年第1期38卷 92-97页

作者：刘雄飞侯冠宇蔡华崇李之建河北工业大学土木与交通学院天津300401 建筑3d打印河北省工程研究中心天津300401

喷射3d打印喷口与受喷面的间距空间可解决3d打印和钢筋协同建造的问题。本工作基于协同连续布筋和喷射3d打印混凝土工艺,提出喷射3d打印微筋混凝土的设计方法,研究了不同微筋直径(0.6、0.8、1.0 mm)和根数(1—4)对喷射3d打印微筋混凝土... 详细信息

喷射3d打印喷口与受喷面的间距空间可解决3d打印和钢筋协同建造的问题。本工作基于协同连续布筋和喷射3d打印混凝土工艺,提出喷射3d打印微筋混凝土的设计方法,研究了不同微筋直径(0.6、0.8、1.0 mm)和根数(1—4)对喷射3d打印微筋混凝土抗弯性能的影响规律。试验结果表明,微筋可显著提升打印混凝土的抗弯强度和韧性,对比未增强组(d0试样),喷射3d打印微筋混凝土的抗弯强度和弯曲位移分别最高提升了800%和2 076.47%。此外,基于喷射3d打印的高速喷压和逐层打印特性,微筋与喷射混凝土界面粘结密实,进一步保证了喷射3d打印微筋混凝土的抗弯性能和结构整体性。本工作打印了尺寸为1 300 mm (Z)×800 mm (X)×86 mm (Y)的异形火炬结构,验证了喷射3d打印微筋混凝土系统的实用性,为3d打印钢筋混凝土结构的制备及在大尺寸结构中的应用提供了一定的参考。

关键词：喷射3d打印协同布筋抗弯性能韧性

Granular Ionogel Particle Inks for 3d Printed Tough and Stretchable Ionotronics

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 429-442页

作者： Yuan Yao Yue Hui Zhenhua Wang Hehao Chen Heng Zhu Nanjia Zhou Key Laboratory of 3d Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province School of EngineeringWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310024Zhejiang ProvinceChina Institute of Advanced Technology Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhou 310024Zhejiang ProvinceChina School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials the University of AdelaideAdelaide 5005South AustraliaAustralia State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power&Mechatronic System Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang ProvinceCenter for X-MechanicsDepartment of Engineering MechanicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Ionogels have garnered great attention as promising soft conducting materials for the fabrication of flexible energy storage devices,soft actuators,and ionotronics.However,the leakage of the ionic liquids,weak mechanical strength,and poor manufacturability have greatly limited their reliability and applications.Here,we propose a new ionogel synthesis strategy by utilizing granular zwitterionic microparticles to stabilize ionic liquids.The ionic liquids swell the microparticles and physically crosslink microparticles via either electronic interaction or hydrogen bonding.Further introducing a photocurable acrylic monomer enables the fabrication of double-network(dN)ionogels with high stretchability(>600%)and ultrahigh toughness(fracture energy>10 kJ/m^(2)).The synthesized ionogels exhibit a wide working temperature of−60 to 90℃.By tuning the crosslinking density of microparticles and physical crosslinking strength of ionogels,we synthesize dN ionogel inks and print them into three-dimensional(3d)motifs.Several ionogelbased ionotronics are 3d printed as demonstrations,including strain gauges,humidity sensors,and ionic skins made of capacitive touch sensor arrays.Via covalently linking ionogels with silicone elastomers,we integrate the ionogel sensors onto pneumatic soft actuators and demonstrate their capacities in sensing large deformation.As our last demonstration,multimaterial direct ink writing is harnessed to fabricate highly stretchable and durable alternating-current electroluminescent devices with arbitrary structures.Our printable granular ionogel ink represents a versatile platform for the future manufacturing of ionotronics.

关键词： crosslinking utilizing gauge

Multi-Material magnetic field-assisted additive manufacturing system for flexible actuators with programmable magnetic arrangements

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第2期19卷 109-120页

作者： Yujie HUANG Haonan SUN Chengqian ZHANG Ruoxiang GAO Hongyao SHEN Peng ZHAO The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic systems College of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China The Key Laboratory of 3d Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province College of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Center for X-Mechanics Department of Engineering MechanicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Manufacturing flexible magnetic-driven actuators with complex structures and magnetic arrangements to achieve diverse functionalities is becoming a popular trend.Among various manufacturing technologies,magnetic-assisted digital light processing(dLP)stands out because it enables precise manufacturing of macro-scale structures and micro-scale distributions with the assistance of an external magnetic field.Current research on manufacturing magnetic flexible actuators mostly employs single materials,which limits the magnetic driving performance to some extent.Based on these characterizations,we propose a multi-material magnetic field-assisted dLP technology to produce flexible actuators with an accuracy of 200μm.The flexible actuators are printed using two materials with different mechanical and magnetic properties.Considering the interface connectivity of multi-material printing,the effect of interfaces on mechanical properties is also explored.Experimental results indicate good chemical affinity between the two materials we selected.The overlap or connection length of the interface moderately improves the tensile strength of multi-material structures.In addition,we investigate the influence of the volume fraction of the magnetic part on deformation.Simulation and experimental results indicate that increasing the volume ratio(20%to 50%)of the magnetic structure can enhance the responsiveness of the actuator(more than 50%).Finally,we successfully manufacture two multi-material flexible actuators with specific magnetic arrangements:a multi-legged crawling robot and a flexible gripper capable of crawling and grasping actions.These results confirm that this method will pave the way for further research on the precise fabrication of magnetic flexible actuators with diverse functionalities.

关键词： multi-material magnetic field-assisted manufacturing digital light processing flexible actuators magnetic arrangement

Ballistic design and testing of a composite armour reinforced by CNTs suitable for armoured vehicles

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defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 173-195页

作者： Evangelos Ch.Tsirogiannis Evangelos daskalakis Mohamed H.Hassan Abdalla M.Omar Paulo Bartolo EOdH SA Research and Development DepartmentLakkoma Chalkidikis63080Greece School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM139PLUK Singapore Centre for 3d Printing School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University639798Singapore

This paper is investigating the use of composite armour reinforced by nanomaterials, for the protection of light armoured(LAV) and medium armoured military vehicles(MAV), and the interaction between the composite materials and high-performance ballistic projectiles. Four armour materials, consisted of front hybrid fibre reinforced polymer cover layer, ceramic strike-face, fibre reinforced polymer intermediate layer and the metal matrix composite reinforced backplate, were manufactured and assembled by adhesive technology. The proposed laminated protection system is suitable for armoured ground vehicles;however, it could be used as armour on ground, air and naval platforms. The design of the protection system, including material selection and thickness, was elaborated depending on the performance requirements of Level 4 + STANAG 4569 military standard(projectile 14.5 mm × 114 mm API B32) and especially on a design philosophy which is analysed with the specifications. The backplate of this new composite is a hybrid material of Metal Matrix Composite(MMC) reinforced with carbon nanotubes(CNTs), manufactured with the use of powder metallurgy technique. The composite backplate material was morphologically, mechanically and chemically analysed. Results show that all plates are presenting high mechanical properties and ballistic characteristics, compared to commonly used armour plates. Real military ballistic tests according to AEP-STANAG 4569 were carried out for the total composite armour systems. After the ballistic tests, AA2024-CNT3 showed the best protection results, compared with the other plates(AA2024-CNT1 and AA2024-CNT2), with the projectile being unable to fully penetrate the composite plate.

关键词： Passive armour protection Protective armour Ballistic performance Hybrid composites Vehicle protection

Robust Machine Learning Mapping of sEMG Signals to Future Actuator Commands in Biomechatronic devices

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 270-287页

作者： Ali Nasr Sydney Bell Rachel L.Whittaker Clark R.dickerson John McPhee systems design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada Kinesiology and Health Sciences University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L3G3Canada

A machine learning model for regression of interrupted Surface Electromyography(sEMG)signals to future control-oriented signals(e.g.,robot’s joint angle and assistive torque)of an active biomechatronic device for high-level myoelectric-based hierarchical control is proposed.A Recurrent Neural Network(RNN)was trained using output data,initially obtained from offline optimization of the biomechatronic(human–robot)device and shifted by the prediction horizon.The input of the RNN consisted of interrupted sEMG signals(to mimic signal disconnections)and previous kinematic signals of the assistive system.The RNN with a 0.1-s prediction horizon could predict the control-oriented joint angle and assistive torque with 92%and 86.5%regression accuracy,respectively,for the test dataset.This proposed approach permits a fast,predictive,and direct estimation of control-oriented signals instead of an iterative process that optimizes assistive torque in the inverse dynamic simulation of a multibody human–robot system.Training with these interrupted input signals significantly improves the regression accuracy in the case of sEMG signal disconnection.This Robust Predictive Control-oriented Machine Learning(Robust-MuscleNET)model can support volitional high-level myoelectric-based control of biomechatronic devices,such as exoskeletons,prostheses,and assistive/resistive robots.Future work should study the application to prosthesis control as well as the repeatability of the high-level controller with electrode shift.The low-level hierarchical controller that manages the human–robot interaction,the assistance/resistance strategy,and the actuator coordination should also be studied.

关键词： Myoelectric-based control-Surface electromyography Machine learning Multibody system dynamics Exoskeleton Bionic

无筋混凝土拱形结构3d打印建造与力学性能分析

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土木与环境工程学报(中英文) 2024年

作者：侯壬乾林文宇白刚王里河北工业大学土木与交通学院河北工业大学建筑3d打印河北省工程研究中心

从设计、建造及承载性能3方面开展3d打印轻量化混凝土拱形结构的可行性研究。基于拱结构构造和3d打印工艺特点，提出一种拱结构精准、快速拼装的方法；在此基础上建造了5根3d打印轻量化拱试件，通过试验研究了两点集中、三点集中和均布... 详细信息

从设计、建造及承载性能3方面开展3d打印轻量化混凝土拱形结构的可行性研究。基于拱结构构造和3d打印工艺特点，提出一种拱结构精准、快速拼装的方法；在此基础上建造了5根3d打印轻量化拱试件，通过试验研究了两点集中、三点集中和均布荷载3种工况以及“π形”“W形”“M形”3种截面打印路径对拱结构承载性能的影响规律，并通过有限元方法计算分析了矢跨比为1/4、1/6和1/8时3d打印混凝土拱结构的力学性能。结果表明，均布荷载下试件各节段的协同变形能力最好，承载能力最强，3d打印混凝土材料的抗压优势得以充分发挥；集中荷载易造成拱试件局部压溃，两点及三点集中荷载下的拱试件相对于均布荷载下的拱试件峰值荷载分别下降30.2%和14.2%；采用“M形”横截面打印路径的试件传力效果最好，单位质量峰值荷载相较于打印路径为“π形”和“W形”的试件分别提升了23.2%和28.4%；在规范建议采用的矢跨比范围内，随着矢跨比的减小，3d打印混凝土拱结构的承载力逐渐降低；试验的5根试件均具有良好的承载性能。

关键词： 3d打印混凝土装配式拱结构力学性能

Experimental measurement and numerical modeling of deformation behavior of breast cancer cells passing through constricted microfluidic channels

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 129-147页

作者： Pouyan Keshavarz Motamed Hesam Abouali Mahla Poudineh Nima Maftoon department of systems design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

during the multistep process of metastasis,cancer cells encounter various mechanical forces which make them deform drastically.developing accurate in-silico models,capable of simulating the interactions between the mechanical forces and highly deformable cancer cells,can pave the way for the development of novel diagnostic and predictive methods for metastatic progression.Spring-network models of cancer cell,empowered by our recently proposed identification approach,promises a versatile numerical tool for developing experimentally validated models that can simulate complex interactions at cellular scale.Using this numerical tool,we presented spring-network models of breast cancer cells that can accurately replicate the experimental data of deformation behavior of the cells flowing in a fluidic domain and passing narrow constrictions comparable to microcapillary.First,using high-speed imaging,we experimentally studied the deformability of breast cancer cell lines with varying metastatic potential(MCF-7(less invasive),SKBR-3(medium-high invasive),and MdA-MB-231(highly invasive)in terms of their entry time to a constricted microfluidic channel.We observed that MdA-MB-231,that has the highest metastatic potential,is the most deformable cell among the three.Then,by focusing on this cell line,experimental measurements were expanded to two more constricted microchannel dimensions.The experimental deformability data in three constricted microchannel sizes for various cell sizes,enabled accurate identification of the unknown parameters of the spring-network model of the breast cancer cell line(MdA-MB-231).Our results show that the identifed parameters depend on the cell size,suggesting the need for a systematic procedure for identifying the size-dependent parameters of spring-network models of cells.As the numerical results show,the presented cell models can simulate the entry process of the cell into constricted channels with very good agreements with the measured experimental data.

关键词： strict passing numerical

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一种利用平面绕轴转动进行轴标定的方法

计算机应用与软件 2024年第5期41卷 107-112页

作者：徐杰李振亮梁吉祥北京城市学院3d打印研究院北京100083

提出一种基于平面绕轴转动计算转轴直线方程的方法。分别讨论了多平面方程组的秩为3和秩为2两种情况的解法。除了秩为1的情形外,该方法适用于大部分的转轴标定情况。实验表明转轴标定误差与平面方程系数的误差大小成正比,标定精度优于... 详细信息

提出一种基于平面绕轴转动计算转轴直线方程的方法。分别讨论了多平面方程组的秩为3和秩为2两种情况的解法。除了秩为1的情形外,该方法适用于大部分的转轴标定情况。实验表明转轴标定误差与平面方程系数的误差大小成正比,标定精度优于基于空间点绕轴转动方法的标定精度。

关键词：转轴标定平面转动