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Preliminarily Investigating the Polymorphism of Self-organized Actin Filament in Vitro by Atomic Force Microscope

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2004年第9期36卷 637-643页

作者： Jun ZHANG1,2, Yuan-Liang wanG1*, Xin-Yong Chen3, Chuang-Long HE1, Chao CHENG1, and Yang CAO1 1Key Lab of Biomechanics & Tissue Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China Biology Department, Chongqing University of Medicine Sciences, Congqing 400016, China 3Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom Key Lab of Biomechanics & Tissue Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044 China Biology Department Chongqing University of Medicine SciencesCongqing 400016 China Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis University of NottinghamNottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom

With the atomic force microscope (AFM), we preliminarily investigated the large-scale structure of actin filaments formed in low concentration protein solution (5 μg/ml) via self-organization without the presence of any F-actin dynamic interfering factors (such as phalloidin) in vitro. It was found that the G-actin could be polymerized into ordered filamentous structures with different diameter from the slimmest filament of single F-actin to giant filament in tree-like branched aggregates. The observed polymerized actin filaments, to which our most intense attention was attracted, was discretely distributed and showed obvious polymorphism distinctly different from those in the presence of phalloidin or actin binding proteins (fimbrin, gelsolin, etc.) in previous experiments. Latter structures were mainly composed of single F-actin and/or multifilaments clearly consisting of several single F-actin. The experimental results clearly demonstrated that non-interference with the F-actin intrinsic dynamics in self-organizing could lead to the polymorphism of actin filamentous structures, and further analysis implied that the disturbance of normal F-actin dynamics by many factors could prevent the emergence of structural polymorphism, more often than not, give rise to formation of specific structures instead and different interference would bring about various particular structures under certain conditions.

关键词： actin self-organization filamentous structure polymorphism atomic force microscope

Suitable Temperature, Stocking Density and Feeding Rate for Optimal Growth of Sex Reversed Fry of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Senegal River Strain)

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第7期13卷 897-915页

作者： Mbaye Tine Adji Bineta Thiombane Famara Sonko Ndeye Dioguy Ndiaye Hamet Diaw Diadhiou UFR of Agricultural Sciences Aquaculture and Food Technologies (UFR S2ATA) Gaston Berger University (UGB) Saint-Louis Senegal ISRA/Oceanographic Research Center Dakar-Thiaroye Dakar Senegal

Determining the suitable fish farming conditions for optimal growth is necessary for aquaculture production, but it is not very obvious because it requires a good understanding of species biology. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effects of different temperature regimes, stocking densities, and feeding rates on the growth of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings that have been sex-reversed with 17α methyl testosterone. Three independent experiments were performed (with replicates) at the IRD Bel-Air fish farm (Dakar, Senegal) on 27-day-old fry maintained in six 25 L tanks with a batch of 100 individuals each. These fry were subjected to three different temperatures (26˚C, 28˚C, 30˚C;kept constant with thermostats), stocking densities (5, 10 and 15 ind/l) and feeding rates (5%, 10% and 15% of biomass;distributed three times a day). For the temperature and density treatments, fry was fed a pelleted feed containing 38% protein, distributed by hand at 10% of their total biomass, readjusted after each measurement. Growth performance (total weight, weight gain and daily weight gain), physicochemical parameters (temperature, oxygen, nitrite and phosphorus), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rate (SR) were regularly monitored (weekly) during the experimental period. For the heat treatment, the results did not show an apparent relationship between growth performance and nitrite, phosphorus or dissolved oxygen (DO) contents. In contrast, there was a significant correlation between temperature and growth rates, with the best growth being obtained at 30˚C compared to 28˚C and 26˚C. Similarly, growth rates were correlated with stocking density and feeding rate but not with oxygen, temperature, nitrite or phosphorus levels. The best growth rates were observed at the lowest density (5 ind/l) and for the highest feeding rate (15% of biomass), which coincides with the best FCR and survival rates. Thus, 30˚C, 5 ind/l and 15% of

关键词： Density Feeding Rate Fry Growth Temperature Nile Tilapia

Long-Term Survival in Traumatic Brain Injury and Near-Death Experience Increases Suicide Risks: A Personal Experience and Related Literature

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2022年第3期11卷 112-124页

作者： Robert E. Brandt Akihiro Takeuchi Hirotoshi Kamata MedEd Japan 3-2-12 Eifuku Suginami Tokyo Japan Department of Medical Informatics Kitasato University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan Department of Hematology Kitasato University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a cause of lifelong disability, death, and suicide worldwide. TBI-induced near-death experience (NDE) could increase suicide risks. Objective: We investigated TBI coupled with NDE and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a possible indicator of suicide. Methods: A 17-year-old male who sustained an acute severe TBI in a traffic collision, was comatose 14 days, had an NDE awakening from the coma, and, years after rehabilitation, suffered PTSD, clinical depression, and survived a suicide attempt. This personal experience of a TBI-induced NDE and lingering PTSD was acquired directly from the patient by interview. We discuss his case while considering relevant literature. Results: Longitudinal data from 1961 to 2021 generated from the PubMed interface revealed 4056 TBI patients committed suicide. NDE was only reported in one of those cases and, although not a suicide, in the personal experience. Neuropsychological assessment at long-term follow-ups revealed few TBI patients exhibited normal mental/physical functions compared to the general population. Unfavorable GOS scores were risk predictors for neuropsychological/physical impairments later in life, with outcomes of depression, PTSD, poor QOL, and/or suicide. Conclusions: For TBI-NDE survivors, including those with PTSD, long-term periodic neuropsychological follow-ups and psychosocial support may help decrease suicide risks.

关键词： Traumatic Brain Injury Long-Term Outcome Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Near-Death Experience Suicide

Genetic Variation in Field Populations of Baculoviruses: Mechanisms for Generating Variation and Its Potential Role in Baculovirus Epizootiology

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Virologica Sinica 2009年第5期24卷 458-469页

作者： Martin A. Erlandson Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon Research Centre 107 Science Place Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 0X2 Canada

Baculoviridae is a family of insect-specific DNA viruses that have been used as biological control agents for insect pest control. In most cases these baculovirus control agents are natural field isolates that have been selected based on their infectivity and virulence. The advent of molecular tools such as restriction endonucleases, targeted polymerase chain reaction and new DNA sequencing strategies have allowed for efficient detection and characterization of genotypic variants within and among geographic and temporal isolates of baculovirus species. It has become evident that multiple genotypic variants occur even within individual infected larvae. Clonal strains of baculovirus species derived either by in vitro or in vivo approaches have been shown to vary with respect to infectivity and virulence. Many of the cell culture derived plague-purified strains have deletions that interrupt egt expression leading to virus strains that kill infected hosts more quickly. As well, in vitro clones often involve larger genomic deletions with the loss of pif gene function, resulting in strains deficient for oral infectivity. There are an increasing number of baculovirus species for which complete genome sequences are available for more than one strain or field isolate. Results of comparative analysis of these strains indicated that hr regions and bro genes often mark "hot spots" of genetic variability between strains and of potential recombination events. In addition, the degree of nucleotide polymorphisms between and within strains and their role in amino acid substitutions within ORFs and changes in promoter motifs is also beginning to be appreciated. In this short review the potential mechanisms that generate and maintain this genetic diversity within baculovirus populations is discussed, as is the potential role of genetic variation in host-pathogen interactions.

关键词：杆状病毒遗传变异潜在作用流行病学机制群体

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Next generation sequencing of Apis mellifera syriaca identifies genes for Varroa resistance and beneficial bee keeping traits

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Insect Science 2016年第4期23卷 579-590页

作者： Nizar Haddad Ahmed Mahmud Batainh Osama Suleiman Migdadi Deepti Saini Venkatesh Krishnamurthy Sriram Parameswaran Zaid Alhamuri Bee Research Department National Center for Agricultural Research and Extension P.O.Box 639-Baqa 19381 jordanian Bee Research Station National Center for Agricultural Research and Extension Irbid Jordan Research and Development Unit Genotypic Technology (P) Ltd. #259 Apurva 2nd Floor 4th Cross R.M. V. 2nd Stage 80 Feet Road Bangalore 560 094 India

Apis mellifera syriaca exhibits a high degree of tolerance to pests and pathogens including varroa mites. This native honey bee subspecies of Jordan expresses behavioral adaptations to high temperature and dry seasons typical of the region. However, persistent honey bee imports of commercial breeder lines are endangering local honey bee population. This study reports the use of next-generation sequencing （NGS） technology to study the A. m. syriaca genome and to identify genetic factors possibly contributing toward mite resistance and other favorable traits. We obtained a total of 46.2 million raw reads by applying the NGS to sequence A. m. syriaca and used extensive bioinformatics approach to identify several candidate genes for Varroa mite resistance, behavioral and immune responses char- acteristic for these bees. As a part of characterizing the functional regulation of molecular genetic pathway, we have mapped the pathway genes potentially involved using information from Drosophila melanogaster and present possible functional changes implicated in responses to Varroa destructor mite infestation toward this. We performed in-depth functional annotation methods to identify -600 candidates that are relevant, genes involved in pathways such as microbial recognition and phagocytosis, peptidoglycan recognition protein family, Gram negative binding protein family, phagocytosis receptors, serpins, Toll signaling pathway, Imd pathway, Tnf, JAK-STAT and MAPK pathway, heamatopioesis and cellular response pathways, antiviral, RNAi pathway, stress factors, etc. were selected. Finally, we have cataloged function-specific polymorphisms between A. mellifera and A. m. syriaca that could give better understanding of varroa mite resistance mechanisms and assist in breeding. We have identified immune related embryonic development （Cactus, Relish, dorsal, Ank2, baz）, Varroa hygiene （NorpA2, Zasp, LanA, gasp, impl3） and Varroa resistance （Pug, pcmt, elk, elf3-s10, Dscam2, Dhc64C, gro,

关键词： Apis mellifera syriaca breeding conservation next-generation sequencing(NGS) varroa mite resistance

EPIC STAR:a reliable and efficient approach for phonon- and impurity-limited charge transport calculations

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1261-1271页

作者： Tianqi Deng Gang Wu Michael B.Sullivan Zicong Marvin Wong Kedar Hippalgaonkar Jian-Sheng wang Shuo-wang Yang Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research1 Fusionopolis Way#16-16 ConnexisSingapore 138632Singapore School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research2 Fusionopolis Way#08-03 InnovisSingapore 138634Singapore Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore2 Science Drive 3Singapore 117551Singapore

A computationally efficient first-principles approach to predict intrinsic semiconductor charge transport properties is *** using a generalized Eliashberg function for short-range electron–phonon scattering and analytical expressions for long-range electron–phonon and electron–impurity scattering,fast and reliable prediction of carrier mobility and electronic thermoelectric properties is realized without empirical *** method,which is christened“Energy-dependent Phonon-and Impuritylimited Carrier Scattering Time AppRoximation(EPIC STAR)”approach,is validated by comparing with experimental measurements and other theoretical approaches for several representative semiconductors,from which quantitative agreement for both polar and non-polar,isotropic and anisotropic materials is *** efficiency and robustness of this approach facilitate automated and unsupervised predictions,allowing high-throughput screening and materials discovery of semiconductor materials for conducting,thermoelectric,and other electronic applications.

关键词： phonon charge reliable

Square mesh codend improves size selectivity and catch pattern for Trichiurus lepturus in bottom trawl used along Northwest coast of India

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第5期8卷 564-571页

作者： Madhu Vettiyattil Bent Herrmann Meenakumari Bharathiamma ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology MatsyapuriWillingdon IslandCochinKerala682029India SINTEF Ocean Fishing Gear TechnologyWillemoesvej 2Hirtshals9850Denmark University of Tromsø BreivikaTromsø9037Norway DTU Aqua Technical University of DenmarkHirtshals2800Denmark Division of Fisheries Science Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan-IIIndian Council of Agricultural ResearchNew Delhi110012India

The size selectivity and catch pattern of Trichiurus lepturus in 40 mm diamond and square mesh codends were investigated in this study.A 34 m high opening trawl was used,which is a common design used by fishermen operating along the northwest coast of India,and the cover codend method was employed to determine codend *** with the changes in the length at 50%retention rate for Trichiurus lepturus with the usage of the square and diamond mesh codends,indicators to understand the exploitation pattern of this species in the fishery were assessed based on the total number of individuals and on total weight of the *** mean selection length increased and discard fraction is reduced when 40 mm square mesh codends are used in place of diamond meshes,however,it is observed that individuals at commercial length are also *** results demonstrate that mandatory use of legal mesh sizes alone will be insufficient to aid in the sustainable harvest of this species,given its estimated length at first sexual maturity of 61.2 *** is the first study to compare the size selection of this species in 40 mm diamond and square mesh codends along Northwest coast of *** of the study will help as a baseline for gear-based regulations in the region.

关键词： Size selectivity Trichiurus lepturus Square mesh Codend India

Innate and adaptive immune responses toward nanomedicines

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第4期11卷 852-870页

作者： Iara Maíra de Oliveira Viana Sabrina Roussel Joan Defrêne Eliana Martins Lima Frédéric Barabé Nicolas Bertrand Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology(FarmaTec) Federal University of GoiásGoiás 74605-220Brazil Faculty of Pharmacy UniversitéLaval and CHU de Québec-UniversitéLaval Research CenterQuébec G1V 4G2Canada Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversitéLaval and CHU de Québec-UniversitéLaval Research CenterQuébec G1V 4G2Canada

Since the commercialization of the frst liposomes used for drug delivery,Doxil/Caelyx® and Myocet®,tremendous progress has been made in understanding interactions between nanomedicines and biological *** work at the interface of engineering and medicine has allowed nanomedicines to deliver therapeutic small molecules and nucleic acids more *** nanomedicines are used in oncology for immunotherapy or to deliver combinations of cytotoxics,the clinical successes of gene silencing approaches like patisiran lipid complexes(Onpattro®)have paved the way for a variety of therapies beyond *** parallel,the global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)pandemic has highlighted the potential of mR NA vaccines to develop immunization strategies at unprecedented *** rationally design therapeutic and vaccines,chemists,materials scientists,and drug delivery experts need to better understand how nanotechnologies interact with the immune *** review presents a comprehensive overview of the innate and adaptative immune systems and emphasizes the intricate mechanisms through which nanomedicines interact with these biological functions.

关键词： Cancer immunotherapy mRNA vaccine Complement activation Macrophage In vivo clearance Anti-PEG antibody Nanoparticle mRNA-1273 BNT162b2 Immunology

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Numerical simulation on inclusion transport in continuous casting mold

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2006年第4期13卷 293-300页

作者： Lifeng Zhang Brian G Thomas Department of Materials Science ＆ Engineering Norwegian University of Science ＆ Technology （NTNU） Alfred Getz vei 2 N-7491 Trondheim Norway University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1206 W. Green St. Urbana IL 61801 USA

Turbulent flow, the transpor＇t of inclusions and bubbles, and inclusion removal by fluid flow, transport and by bubble flotation in the strand of the continuous slab caster are investigated using computational models, and validated through comparison with plant measurements of inclusions. Steady 3-D flow of steel in the liquid pool in the mold and upper strand is simulated with a finitedifference computational model using the standard k-εturbulence rondel. Trajectories of inclusions and bubhles tire calculated by integrating each local velocity, considering its drag and buoyancy forces, A ＂random walk＂ model is used to incorporate the effect of turbulent fluctuations on the particle motion. The attachment probability of inclusions on a bubble surface is investigated based on fundamental fluid flow simulations, incorporating the turbulent inclusion trajectory and sliding time of each individual inclusion along the bubble surface as a function of particle and bubble size. The chunge in inclusion distribution due to removal by bubble transport in the mold is calculated based on the computed attachment probability of inclusions on each bubble and the computed path length of the bubbles. The results indicate that 6%-10% inclusions are removed by fluid flow transport. 10% by bubble flotation, and 4% by entrapment to the submerged entry nozzle （SEN） walls. Smaller bubbles and larger inclusions have larger attachment probabilities. Smaller bubbles are more efficient for inclusion removal by bubble flotation, so Inng as they are not entrapped in the solidifying shell A larger gas flow rate favors inclusion removal by bubble flotation. The optimum bubble size should be 2-4mm.

关键词： inclusion removal fluid flow transport bubble flotation continuous casting mold attachment probability

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