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Adding new dimension to non-directed C（sp3）–H functionalizations

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Konstantin P.Bryliakov Laboratory of Selective Oxidation Catalysis N.D.Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS

Aliphatic C–H groups are among the most abundant yet least reactive functional groups in organic molecules. Nature has evolved metalloenzymes such as those of the cytochrome P450 superfamily that efficiently activate individual tertiary（3） and secondary （2） C（sp3）–H bonds in complex molecules with the highest level of regio-and stereoselectivity [1], thus encouraging studies aimed at engineering artificial metalloenzymes for synthetic applications [2].

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First discovery of fossil Nesolagus (Leporidae,Lagomorpha) from Southeast Asia

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第8期53卷 1134-1140页

作者： TOMIdA Yukimitsu National Museum of Nature and Science 3-23-1 HyakuninchoShinjukuTokyo 169-0073Japan

A new leporid species, Nesolagus sinensis sp. nov., is described here representing the only leporid member of the Early Pleistocene Gigantopithecus fauna from Sanhe Cave, Chongzuo, Guangxi, South China and also the first fossil taxon of the Southeast Asian genus Nesolagus. Compared with two extant Nesolagus species from Indonesia and Vietnam and other related leprids, the new species has a relatively small size and an extraordinarily weak anterior internal reentrant (AIR) on p3, but it also retains the simplified paedomorphic pattern during the ontogenetic process as in extant species, which suggests that the new species is more primitive than and probably directly ancestral to extant Nesolagus species. The new species seems closely related to Alilepus longisinuosus from the Late Miocene strata of Lufeng, Yunnan, and probably diverged from a leporid similar to its ancestral form. It also indicates that Nesolagus originated in Southwest China.

关键词： Guangxi of China Early Pleistocene Nesolagus sinensis sp. nov. Gigantopithecus fauna

Body armour-New materials, new systems

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defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第3期15卷 241-253页

作者： Ian G.Crouch Armour solutions

This is a very timely review of body armour materials and systems since new test standards are currently being written, or reviewed, and new, innovative products released. Of greatest importance, however, is the recent evolution, and maturity, of the Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene fibres enabling a completely new style of system to evolve e a stackable system of Hard Armour Plates. The science of body armour materials is quickly reviewed with emphasis upon current understanding of relevant energy-absorbing mechanisms in fibres, fabrics, polymeric laminates and ceramics. The trend in ongoing developments in ballistic fibres is then reviewed, analysed and future projections offered. Weaknesses in some of the ceramic grades are highlighted as is the value of using cladding materials to improve the robustness, and multi-strike performance, of Hard Armour Plates. Finally, with the drive for lighter, and therefore smaller, soft armour systems for military personnel the challenges for armour designers are reported, and the importance of the relative size of the Hard Armour Plate to the Soft Armour Insert is strongly emphasised.

关键词： Body armour Body armor Ceramic armour Reaction sintered silicon carbide UHMWPE Fibres Fabrics Strike-face materials Aramids Small-arms ammunition

Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Socodato João B.Relvas Institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3S)and Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology(IBMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal department of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(Ad).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

density Results in Sobolev Spaces Whose Elements Vanish on a Part of the Boundary

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2011年第6期32卷 823-846页

作者： Jean-Marie Emmanuel BERNARd Laboratoire Analyse et Probabitilités Université d'Evry val d'Essonne23 Boulevard de France91037 EVRYFrance

This paper is devoted to the study of the subspace of Wm＇＂ of functions that vanish on a part γ0 of the boundary. The author gives a crucial estimate of the Poincare constant in balls centered on the boundary of γ0. Then, the convolution-translation method, a variant of the standard mollifier technique, can be used to prove the density of smooth functions that vanish in a neighborhood of γ0, in this subspace. The result is first proved for m = 1, then generalized to the case where m 〉 1, in any dimension, in the framework of Lipschitz-continuous domain. However, as may be expected, it is needed to make additional assumptions on the boundary of γ0, namely that it is locally the graph of some Lipschitz-continuous function.

关键词： density results Boundary value problems Sobolev spaces

Gradient‑Layered MXene/Hollow Lignin Nanospheres Architecture design for Flexible and Stretchable Supercapacitors

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 447-462页

作者： Haonan Zhang Cheng Hao Tongtong Fu dian Yu Jane Howe Kaiwen Chen Ning Yan Hao Ren Huamin Zhai Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Sustainable Pulp and Paper Technology and Biomass Materials NanJing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto200 College StreetTorontoON M5S 3E5Canada department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto184 College StreetTorontoON M5S 3E4Canada College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China

With the rapid development of flexible wearable electronics,the demand for stretchable energy storage devices has *** this work,a novel gradient-layered architecture was design based on single-pore hollow lignin nanospheres(HLNPs)-intercalated two-dimensional transition metal carbide(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene)for fabricating highly stretchable and durable *** depositing and inserting HLNPs in the MXene layers with a bottom-up decreasing gradient,a multilayered porous MXene structure with smooth ion channels was constructed by reducing the overstacking of MXene ***,the micro-chamber architecture of thin-walled lignin nanospheres effectively extended the contact area between lignin and MXene to improve ion and electron accessibility,thus better utilizing the pseudocapacitive property of *** these strategies effectively enhanced the capacitive performance of the *** addition,HLNPs,which acted as a protective phase for MXene layer,enhanced mechanical properties of the wrinkled stretchable electrodes by releasing stress through slip and deformation during the stretch-release cycling and greatly improved the structural integrity and capacitive stability of the *** electrodes and symmetric flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors capable of enduring 600%uniaxial tensile strain were developed with high specific capacitances of 1273 mF cm^(−2)(241 F g^(−1))and 514 mF cm^(−2)(95 F g^(−1)),***,their capacitances were well preserved after 1000 times of 600%stretch-release *** study showcased new possibilities of incorporating biobased lignin nanospheres in energy storage devices to fabricate stretchable devices leveraging synergies among various two-dimensional nanomaterials.

关键词： Hollow lignin nanospheres MXene Gradient-layered architecture Wrinkled electrodes Stretchable supercapacitors

Smart Cellulose‑Based Janus Fabrics with Switchable Liquid Transportation for Personal Moisture and Thermal Management

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 333-347页

作者： Jianfeng Xi Yanling Lou Liucheng Meng Chao deng Youlu Chu Zhaoyang Xu Huining Xiao Weibing Wu Jiangsu Co‑Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsJiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Sustainable Pulp and Paper Technology and Biomass MaterialsNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China department of Chemical Engineering University of New BrunswickFrederictonNB E3B 5A3Canada Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute University of BayreuthBayreuth 95440Germany

The Janus fabrics designed for personal moisture/thermal regulation have garnered significant attention for their potential to enhance human ***,the development of smart and dynamic fabrics capable of managing personal moisture/thermal comfort in response to changing external environments remains a ***,a smart cellulose-based Janus fabric was designed to dynamically manage personal moisture/*** cotton fabric was grafted with N-isopropylacrylamide to construct a temperature-stimulated transport ***,hydrophobic ethyl cellulose and hydrophilic cellulose nanofiber were sprayed on the bottom and top sides of the fabric to obtain wettability *** fabric exhibits anti-gravity directional liquid transportation from hydrophobic side to hydrophilic side,and can dynamically and continuously control the transportation time in a wide range of 3–66 s as the temperature increases from 10 to 40℃.This smart fabric can quickly dissipate heat at high temperatures,while at low temperatures,it can slow down the heat dissipation rate and prevent the human from becoming too *** addition,the fabric has UV shielding and photodynamic antibacterial properties through depositing graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets on the hydrophilic *** smart fabric offers an innovative approach to maximizing personal comfort in environments with significant temperature variations.

关键词： directional water transport Cotton fabric Anti-gravity directional liquid transportation Janus wettability

Telencephalic stab wound injury induces regenerative angiogenesis and neurogenesis in zebrafish:unveiling the role of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling and microglia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2938-2954页

作者： danielle Fernezelian Philippe Rondeau Laura Gence Nicolas diotel Universitéde La Réunion INSERMUMR 1188Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien(DéTROI)Saint PierreLa RéunionFrance

After brain damage,regenerative angiogenesis and neurogenesis have been shown to occur simultaneously in mammals,suggesting a close link between these ***,the mechanisms by which these processes interact are not well *** this work,we aimed to study the correlation between angiogenesis and neurogenesis after a telencephalic stab wound *** this end,we used zebrafish as a relevant model of neuroplasticity and brain repair ***,using the Tg(fli1:EGFP×mpeg1.1:mCherry)zebrafish line,which enables visualization of blood vessels and microglia respectively,we analyzed regenerative angiogenesis from 1 to 21 days *** parallel,we monitored brain cell proliferation in neurogenic niches localized in the ventricular zone by using *** found that after brain damage,the blood vessel area and width as well as expression of the fli1 transgene and vascular endothelial growth factor(vegfaa and vegfbb)were *** the same time,neural stem cell proliferation was also increased,peaking between 3 and 5 days post-lesion in a manner similar to angiogenesis,along with the recruitment of ***,through pharmacological manipulation by injecting an anti-angiogenic drug(Tivozanib)or Vegf at the lesion site,we demonstrated that blocking or activating Vegf signaling modulated both angiogenic and neurogenic processes,as well as microglial ***,we showed that inhibition of microglia by clodronate-containing liposome injection or dexamethasone treatment impairs regenerative neurogenesis,as previously described,as well as injury-induced *** conclusion,we have described regenerative angiogenesis in zebrafish for the first time and have highlighted the role of inflammation in this *** addition,we have shown that both angiogenesis and neurogenesis are involved in brain repair and that microglia and inflammation-dependent mechanisms activated by Vegf signaling are important contributors to

关键词： angiogenesis cerebral damage inflammation neurogenesis stab wound telencephalon vascular endothelial growth factor zebrafish

Rough Sets,Their Extensions and Applications

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2007年第3期4卷 217-228页

作者： Richard Jensen department of Computer Science The University of Wales AberystwythCeredigion SY23 3DBUK

Rough set theory provides a useful mathematical foundation for developing automated computational systems that can help understand and make use of imperfect knowledge. despite its recency, the theory and its extensions have been widely applied to many problems, including decision analysis, data mining, intelligent control and pattern recognition. This paper presents an outline of the basic concepts of rough sets and their major extensions, covering variable precision, tolerance and fuzzy rough sets. It also shows the diversity of successful applications these theories have entailed, ranging from financial and business, through biological and medicine, to physical, art, and meteorological.

关键词： Rough sets data processing fuzzy sets