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CCS Chemistry 2024年第10期6卷 2411-2419页

作者： Yuchong Yang Yuyin Du Tanya K.Ronson Jonathan R.Nitschke Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of CambridgeCambridge CB21EW

Macrocycles have found uses in guest capture,sensing,and porous materials,motivating the development of new methods for their *** we report the construction of two types of barrelshaped macrocyclic assemblies,with trigonal antiprismatic Fe^(II)_(6)L_(6)and square antiprismatic Fe^(II)_(8)L_(8)architectures,from FeII and boron-containing tritopic *** factors,the steric hindrance of ligands and the preferred coordination angles at different vertices,were observed to regulate the dihedral angles between adjacent ligands,leading to the formation of the structures *** effects of ligand steric hindrance led to the formation of a Fe^(II)_(6)L_(6)trigonal antiprism,which efficiently encapsulated persistent environmental pollutant perfluorosulfonate *** contrast with the iminopyridine chelating groups of the Fe^(II)_(6)L_(6)structure,the incorporation of azopyridine moieties coordinated with the FeII centers not only increased the vertex opening angle,resulting in the construction of a Fe^(II)_(8)L_(8)square antiprism,but also enabled the redox-driven reversible disassembly of this *** design strategies that have enabled the construction of these antiprismatic macrocycles may provide insight into the design principles governing the formation of more complex functional assemblies.

关键词： self-assembly metal-organic cages host-guest chemistry redox-responsive materials dihedral control

Valorisation of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) residues and cheese whey into volatile fatty acids for single cell protein production

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第5期21卷 369-380页

作者： Carlo Moscariello Silvio Matassa Francesco Pirozzi Giovanni Esposito Stefano Papirio Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Napoli Federico IIvia Claudio 2180125NapoliItaly

The production of single cell protein(SCP)using lignocellulosic materials stands out as a promising route in the circular bioeconomy ***,multiple steps are necessary for lignocellulosics-to-SCP processes,involving chemical pretreatments and specific aerobic *** there are no studies that investigated the SCP production from lignocellulosics by using only biological processes and microbial biomass able to work both anaerobically and *** this view,the valorisation of industrial hemp(Cannabis sativa L.)biomass residues(HBRs),specifically hurds and a mix of leaves and inflorescences,combined with cheese whey(CW)was investigated through a semi-continuous acidogenic co-fermentation process(co-AF).The aim of this study was to maximise HBRs conversion into VFAs to be further used as carbon-rich substrates for SCP *** process conditions were tested by either removing CW or increasing the amount of HBRs in terms of VS(i.e.,two and four times)to evaluate the performance of the co-AF *** HBRs resulted in a proportional increase in VFA production up to 3115 mg HAc L^(-1),with experimental production nearly 40%higher than theoretical *** synergy between HBRs and CW was demonstrated,proving the latter as essential to improve the biodegradability of the *** produced VFAs were subsequently tested as substrates for SCP synthesis in batch aerobic tests.A biomass concentration of 2.43 g TSS L^(-1) was achieved with a C/N ratio of 5.0 and a pH of 9.0 after two days of aerobic fermentation,reaching a protein content of 42%(g protein per g TSS).These results demonstrate the overall feasibility of the VFA-mediated HBR-to-SCP valorisation process.

关键词： Hemp biomass residues Cheese whey Volatile fatty acids Acidogenic fermentation Single cell protein

Lithium-ion and solvent co-intercalation enhancing the energy density of fluorinated graphene cathode

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 208-215,I0006页

作者： Hao Wang Jie Jiang Pengyu Chen Zhenrui Wu Xiaobin Niu Chuying Ouyang Jian Liu Liping Wang School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731SichuanChina School of Engineering Faculty of Applied ScienceThe University of British ColumbiaKelowna V1V 1V7Canada 21C Innovation Laboratory Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd.(21C LAB)Ningde 352100FujianChina

Fluorinated carbons CF_xhold the highest theoretical energy density(e.g.,2180 W h kg^(-1)when x=1)among all cathode materials of lithium primary ***,the low conductivity and severe polarization limit it to achieve its *** this study,we design a new electrolyte,namely 1 M LiBF_(4)DMSO:DOL(1:9 vol.),achieving a high energy density in Li/CF_xprimary *** DMSO with a small molecular size and high donor number successfully solvates Li^(+)into a defined Li^(+)-solvation *** solvated Li^(+)can intercalate into the large-spacing carbon layers and achieve an improved ***,when discharged to 1.0 V,the CF_(1.12)cathode demonstrates a specific capacity of 1944 m A h g^(-1)with a specific energy density of 3793 W h kg^(-1).This strategy demonstrates that designing the electrolyte is powerful in improving the electrochemical performance of CF_(x) cathode.

关键词： Fluorinated carbon Conversion reaction High-energy-density primary battery Li^(+)-solvation structure Solvent co-intercalation

Challenges and prospects in bridging precision medicine and artificial intelligence in genomic psychiatric treatment

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第8期14卷 1148-1164页

作者： Uchenna Esther Okpete Haewon Byeon Department of Digital Anti-aging Healthcare(BK21) Inje UniversityGimhae 50834South Korea

Precision medicine is transforming psychiatric treatment by tailoring personalized healthcare interventions based on clinical,genetic,environmental,and lifestyle factors to optimize medication *** study investigates how artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML)can address key challenges in integrating pharmacogenomics(PGx)into psychiatric *** this integration,AI analyzes vast genomic datasets to identify genetic markers linked to psychiatric ***-driven models integrating genomic,clinical,and demographic data demonstrated high accuracy in predicting treatment outcomes for major depressive disorder and bipolar *** study also examines the pressing challenges and provides strategic directions for integrating AI and ML in genomic psychiatry,highlighting the importance of ethical considerations and the need for personalized *** implementation of AI-driven clinical decision support systems within electronic health records is crucial for translating PGx into routine psychiatric *** research should focus on developing enhanced AI-driven predictive models,privacy-preserving data exchange,and robust informatics systems to optimize patient outcomes and advance precision medicine in psychiatry.

关键词： Precision medicine Psychiatric treatment Genomic data Machine learning Deep learning Clinical decision making Data privacy Review

Poverty Volatility and Tax Revenue Instability in Developing Countries

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2024年第2期17卷 279-311页

作者： Sèna Kimm Gnangnon World Trade Organization Rue de Lausanne 154CH-1211Geneva 21Switzerland

This paper complements the relatively few existing studies on the macroeconomic effects of poverty in developing countries, by investigating the effect of poverty volatility on tax revenue instability. The empirical analysis has been conducted using an unbalanced panel dataset of 97 developing countries covering the period of 1980–2017 and primarily the two-step system generalized method of moments estimator. Findings have revealed that least developed countries tend to experience a positive tax revenue instability effect of poverty volatility, while poverty volatility results in lower tax revenue instability in relatively advanced countries. Additionally, poverty volatility dampens the instability of tax revenue when poverty rates are low, and enhances it when countries face a greater extent of external shocks. From a policy perspective, this analysis shows that it would be essential for policymakers to dampen the volatility of poverty rates (notably in countries with high poverty rates) if they were to ensure the stability of tax revenue or reduce its instability, given the adverse effect of tax revenue instability on economic growth.

关键词： Poverty volatility Poverty rates External shocks Tax revenue instability

Pulsed laser interference patterning of transition-metal carbides for stable alkaline water electrolysis kinetics

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Carbon Energy 2024年第5期6卷 65-80页

作者： Yewon Oh Jayaraman Theerthagiri Ahreum Min Cheol Joo Moon Yiseul Yu Myong Yong Choi Department of Chemistry(BK21 FOUR) Research Institute of Natural SciencesGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea Core−Facility Center for Photochemistry and Nanomaterials Gyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea

We investigated the role of metal atomization and solvent decomposition into reductive species and carbon clusters in the phase formation of transition-metal carbides(TMCs;namely,Co_(3)C,Fe_(3)C,TiC,and MoC)by pulsed laser ablation of Co,Fe,Ti,and Mo metals in *** interaction between carbon s-p-orbitals and metal d-orbitals causes a redistribution of valence structure through charge transfer,leading to the formation of surface defects as observed by X-ray photoelectron *** defects influence the evolved TMCs,making them effective for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions(HER and OER)in an alkaline ***_(3)C with more oxygen affinity promoted CoO(OH)intermediates,and the electrochemical surface oxidation to Co_(3)O_(4)was captured via in situ/operando electrochemical Raman probes,increasing the number of active sites for OER *** with more d-vacancies exhibits strong hydrogen binding,promoting HER kinetics,whereas Fe_(3)C and TiC with more defect states to trap charge carriers may hinder both OER and HER *** results show that the assembled membrane-less electrolyzer with Co_(3)C∥Co_(3)C and MoC∥MoC electrodes requires~2.01 and 1.99 V,respectively,to deliver a 10 mA cm−2 with excellent electrochemical and structural *** addition,the ascertained pulsed laser synthesis mechanism and unit-cell packing relations will open up sustainable pathways for obtaining highly stable electrocatalysts for electrolyzers.

关键词： acetone H_(2)and O_(2)evolution reactions pulsed laser ablation surface defects transition-metal carbides water electrolyzer

1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Polycyclic Aromatic Azomethine Ylides and Alkynylbenziodoxoles for Synthesis of Functional Dibenzoullazines

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第10期42卷 1079-1083页

作者： Hui Han Glen Wee Zhuan Goh Yongxin Li Naohiko Yoshikai Shingo Ito Schoolof Chemistry ChemicalEngineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technoogical University21 Nanyang LinkSingapore 637371Singapore Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8578Japan

A new family of dibenzoullazine derivatives was synthesized through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylides with alkynylbenziodoxoles followed by *** benziodoxole moiety in the resulting products was used as a versatile linchpin for the synthesis of structurally diverse functional dibenzoullazines that are difficult to access by other synthetic methods.

关键词： Cycloaddition Nitrogen heterocycles Azomethine ylides Hypervalent compounds Dibenzoullazine

Determination of riding comfort on cycleways using a smartphone application

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第4期11卷 747-760页

作者： Anna Niska Leif Sjögren Peter Andrén Christian Weber Tineke de Jong Aslak Fyhri Department of Infrastructure Maintenance Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute(VTI)Linköping SE-58195Sweden Department of Safety and Behavior Institute of Transport EconomicsGaustadalleen 210349 OsloNorway

Well maintained cycleways will encourage more people to cycle,as the condition of cycleways is important for the safety,accessibility and riding comfort of *** that,only a few models used to describe the quality of service for cyclists take the surface condition into *** measuring methods are needed to enable reliable and effective assessment of surface conditions,and measurable performance criteria related to the needs of cyclists should be *** purpose of this study has been to test the reliability and validity of using accelerometers in smartphones to assess the riding comfort on cycleways.A smartphone application converting three-dimensional accelerometer measurements into a single indicator for cycleways has been used to assess road surfaces in two field studies,in Sweden and Norway,*** studies assessed test sections of varying *** relate the measurements to subjective riding comfort assessments by cyclists,recruited cyclists collected quantitative data using the app,whilst also rating their perceived riding comfort by completing a *** were also related to standard road surface condition indicators,generated from a road surface tester equipped with 19 laser sensors:international roughness index(IRI),mega-and *** results show that it is possible to describe the unevenness of a cycleway using the technology present in smartphones.A software application can be used to collect and analyse data from the acceleration sensors in the phone,which can then be used to describe the riding comfort of *** is mainly the unevenness in the 50-1000 mm sizerange that create the greatest discomfort for cyclists,and intermittent vibrations are perceived as more uncomfortable than more evenly distributed ***,IRI is not a relevant measurement for describing the riding comfort of cyclists.

关键词： Cyclist Comfort Assessment Road surface measurement Smartphone application

Nanocrystalline low-silica X zeolite as an efficient ion-exchanger enabling fast radioactive strontium capture

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第9期18卷 15-23页

作者： Hyungmin Jeon Susung Lee Jeong-Chul Kim Minkee Choi Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering(BK21 Four) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions Institute for Basic Science(IBS)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea

NaA zeolite(Si/Al=1.00)has been commercially applied for capturing radioactive 90Sr^(2+)because of its high surface charge density,effectively stabilizing the multivalent ***,owing to its narrow micropore opening(4.0Å),large micron-sized crystallites,and bulkiness of hydrated Sr^(2+),the Sr^(2+)exchange over NaA has been limited by very slow *** this study,we synthesized nanocrystalline low-silica X by minimizing a water content in a synthesis gel and utilizing a methyl cellulose hydrogel as a crystal growth *** resulting zeolite exhibited high crystallinity and Al-rich framework(Si/Al of approximately 1.00)with the sole presence of tetrahedral Al sites,which are capable of high Sr^(2+)uptake and ion ***,the zeolite with a FAU topology has a much larger micropore opening size(7.4Å)and a much smaller crystallite size(~340 nm)than NaA,which enable significantly enhanced ion-exchange *** to conventional NaA,the nanocrystalline low-silica X exhibited remarkably increased Sr^(2+)-exchange kinetics(>18-fold larger rate constant)in batch *** both the nanocrystalline low-silica X and NaA exhibited comparable Sr^(2+)capacities under equilibrated conditions,the former demonstrated a 5.5-fold larger breakthrough volume than NaA under dynamic conditions,attributed to its significantly faster Sr^(2+)-exchange kinetics.

关键词： Sr^(2+)removal low-silica X zeolite nanocrystal hydrogel methyl cellulose

NADPH oxidase 4(NOX4)as a biomarker and therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1961-1966页

作者： Napissara Boonpraman Sun Shin Yi BK21 four Program Department of Medical SciencesSoonchunhyang UniversityAsanSouth Korea Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science Soonchunhyang UniversityAsanSouth Korea iConnectome Co.Ltd.CheonanSouth Korea

Diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are defined by inflammation and the damage neurons undergo due to oxidative stress. A primary reactive oxygen species contributor in the central nervous system, NADPH oxidase 4, is viewed as a potential therapeutic touchstone and indicative marker for these ailments. This in-depth review brings to light distinct features of NADPH oxidase 4, responsible for generating superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, emphasizing its pivotal role in activating glial cells, inciting inflammation, and disturbing neuronal functions. Significantly, malfunctioning astrocytes, forming the majority in the central nervous system, play a part in advancing neurodegenerative diseases, due to their reactive oxygen species and inflammatory factor secretion. Our study reveals that aiming at NADPH oxidase 4 within astrocytes could be a viable treatment pathway to reduce oxidative damage and halt neurodegenerative processes. Adjusting NADPH oxidase 4 activity might influence the neuroinflammatory cytokine levels, including myeloperoxidase and osteopontin, offering better prospects for conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. This review sheds light on the role of NADPH oxidase 4 in neural degeneration, emphasizing its drug target potential, and paving the path for novel treatment approaches to combat these severe conditions.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease astrocytes mitochondrial dysfunction myeloperoxidase NADPH oxidase 4 NADPH oxidase 4 inhibitors neurodegenerative diseases osteopontin Parkinson’s disease reactive oxygen species