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A seven-crystal spectrometer for high-energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy at Shanghai synchrotron radiation Facility

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第9期35卷 82-91页

作者： Bing-Bao Mei Liang-Xin Wang Song-Qi Gu Xiao-Zhi Su Shuo Zhang Yao Wei Jing-Yuan Ma Zheng Jiang Fei Song Shanghai synchrotron radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China National synchrotron radiation {2. University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

A Johann-type X-ray spectrometer was successfully developed at the hard X-ray branch(in-vacuum undulator with a 2.-mm periodic length)of the energy material beamline(E-line)at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation Facility(SSRF).This spectrometer was utilized to implement X-ray emission spectroscopy(XES),high-energy resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy(HERFD-XAS),and resonant inelastic X-ray *** spherically bent crystals were positioned on the respective vertical 500-mm-diameter Rowland circles,adopting an area detector to increase the solid angle to 1.75%of 4πsr,facilitating the study of low-concentrate systems under complex reaction *** under the atmosphere pressure,the spectrometer covers the energy region from 3.5 to 18 keV,with the Bragg angle ranging from 73°to 86°during vertical *** offers a promised energy resolution of sub-eV(XES)and super-eV(HERFD-XAS).Generally,these comprehensive core-level spectroscopy methods based on hard X-rays at the E-line with an extremely high photon flux can meet the crucial requirements of a green energy ***,they provide substantial support for scientific advances in fundamental research.

关键词： X-ray emission spectroscopy High-energy-resolution X-ray spectrometer Johann geometry Energy materials SSRF

Operando measurement of lattice deformation profiles of synchrotron radiation monochromator

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第7期35卷 8-19页

作者： Yue Zhang Zhong-Liang Li Shang-Yu Si Lian Xue Hong-Xin Luo Xiao-Wei Zhang Jun Hu Shanghai synchrotron radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201204China ShanghaiTech University Shanghai201210China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Beijing synchrotron radiation Facility Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing100049China

This study presents a new method for characterizing the thermal lattice deformation of a monochromator with high precision under service conditions and first reports the operando measurements of nanoscale thermal lattice deformation on a double-crystal monochromator at different incident *** nanoscale thermal lattice deformation of the monochromator first crystal was obtained by analyzing the intensity of the distorted DuMond *** diagrams of the 333 diffraction index,sensitive to lattice deformation,were obtained directly using a 2. detector and an analyzer crystal orthogonal to the *** increasing incident power and power density,the maximum height of the lattice deformation increased from 3.2.to 18.5 nm,and the deformation coefficient of the maximum height increased from 1.1 to 3.2.nm/*** maximum relative standard deviation was 4.2.,and the maximum standard deviation was 0.1 *** on the measured thermal deformations,the flux saturation phenomenon and critical point for the linear operation of the monochromator were predicted with increasing incident *** study provides a simple solution to the problem of the lower precision of synchrotron radiation monochromator characterizations compared to simulations.

关键词： synchrotron radiation Monochromator Lattice deformation X-ray dynamic diffraction

Quick-scanning X-ray absorption fine structure beamline at SSRF

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第6期35卷 1-13页

作者： Yu Chen Qian Gao Zheng Jiang Jiong Li Shuo Zhang Shanghai synchrotron radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China National synchrotron radiation {2. University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230029China

The layout and characteristics of the hard X-ray spectroscopy beamline(BL11B)at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility are described ***11B is a bending-magnet beamline dedicated to conventional and millisecond-scale quick-scanning X-ray absorption fine *** is equipped with a cylindrical collimating mirror,a double-crystal monochromator comprising Si(111)and Si(311),a channel-cut quick-scanning Si(111)monochromator,a toroidal focusing mirror,and a high harmonics rejection *** can provide 5-30 keV of X-rays with a photon flux of~5×10^(11)photons/s and an energy resolution of~1.31×10^(-4)at 10 *** performance of the beamline can satisfy the demands of users in the fields of catalysis,materials,and environmental *** paper presents an overview of the beamline design and a detailed description of its performance and capabilities.

关键词： Bending magnet beamline X-ray absorption fine structure Quick-scanning XAFS In situ synchrotron radiation

Insights into the hydrogen evolution reaction in vanadium redox flow batteries:A synchrotron radiation based X-ray imaging study

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 132-144页

作者： Kerstin Köble Alexey Ershov Kangjun Duan Monja Schilling Alexander Rampf Angelica Cecilia TomášFaragó Marcus Zuber Tilo Baumbach Roswitha Zeis Helmholtz Institute Ulm Karlsruhe Institute of Technology89081 UlmGermany laboratory for Applications of synchrotron {2. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76131 KarlsruheGermany Institute for Photon Science and synchrotron radiation Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Department of Electrical Electronicsand Communication EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoToronto M5S 3G8OntarioCanada

The parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in the negative half-cell of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)causes severe efficiency ***,a deeper understanding of this process and the accompanying bubble formation is *** benchmarking study locally analyzes the bubble distribution in thick,porous electrodes for the first time using deep learning-based image segmentation of synchrotron X-ray *** large three-dimensional data set was processed precisely in less than one minute while minimizing human errors and pointing out areas of increased HER activity in *** study systematically varies the electrode potential and material,concluding that more negative electrode potentials of-2.0 m V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE)and lower cause more substantial bubble formation,resulting in bubble fractions of around 15%–2.%in carbon felt ***,the bubble fractions stay only around 2.in an electrode combining carbon felt and carbon *** detected areas with high HER activity,such as the border subregion with more than 30%bubble fraction in carbon felt electrodes,the cutting edges,and preferential spots in the electrode bulk,are potential-independent and suggest that larger electrodes with a higher bulk-to-border ratio might reduce HER-related performance *** described combination of electrochemical measurements,local X-ray microtomography,AI-based segmentation,and 3D morphometric analysis is a powerful and novel approach for local bubble analysis in three-dimensional porous electrodes,providing an essential toolkit for a broad community working on bubble-generating electrochemical systems.

关键词： Vanadium redox flow battery synchrotron X-ray imaging Tomography Hydrogen evolution reaction Gas bubbles Deep learning

Chain Dynamics Heterogeneity in Plasticized Poly(vinyl butyral)(PVB) as Elucidated by Solid-State NMR

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第1期42卷 113-124,I0010页

作者： Jing Lv Xu Chen Zi-Shuo Wu Ya-Hui Li Wei Chen National synchrotron radiation {2. Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer FilmCAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryUniversity of Scienceand Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

The chain dynamics heterogeneity of the poly(vinyl butyral)(PVB) plasticized by triethylene glycol bis(2.ethylhexa noate)(TEG-EH) was investigated by various solid-state NMR *** plasticized PVB shows two domains in distinct molecular dynamics differences,namely,rigid and soft domains,where the latter is the plasticizer-rich *** time domain low field NMR was first used to investigate the dynamics heterogeneity of the plasticized PVB,and the results show the decreasing activated energy of components in the soft domain of plasticized PVB(E_a=2..2.kJ/mol) as compared with that of the pristine one(E_a=2..3 kJ/mol).Detailed dynamics heterogeneity was obtained by high-field NMR with site-specific *** quadrupole-echo ~2.-NMR was adopted to elucidate the dynamics heterogeneity of the vinyl alcohol(VA) units,where only the hydroxyl group of VA is *** ~1H-^(13)C WISE NMR spectra show that there is not much difference in the mobility of the VB unit in PVB with and without plasticizer,whereas the glass transition temperature differed by approximately 53℃.This is further supported by Torchia's T_1 relaxation *** origin of such an unusual phenomenon is attributed to the critical role of the remaining VA(~2.%) in the soft domain,where the VA units locally aggregate through hydrogen ***,the existence of a mobility gradient in the VB unit has been ***,the mobility difference for VB with different stereo-geometry(meso or racemic conformation) is observed for the first *** indicates the importance of modulating the ratio of meso over racemic VB for controlling the macroscopic perfo rmance of PVB.

关键词： Poly(vinyl butyral) Dynamics heterogeneity Plasticizer Solid state NMR

Surface-sensitive electronic structure of kagome superconductor CsV_(3)Sb_(5)

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第10期33卷 35-40页

作者： Zhisheng Zhao Jianghao Yao Rui Xu Yuzhe Wang Sen Liao Zhengtai Liu Dawei Shen Shengtao Cui Zhe Sun Yilin Wang Donglai Feng Juan Jiang School of Emerging Technology and Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Shanghai synchrotron radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China National synchrotron radiation {2. School of Nuclear Science and Technology and New Cornerstone Science LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

We systematically study the electronic structure of a kagome superconductor CsV_(3)Sb_(5)at different temperatures coveringboth its charge density wave state and normal state with angle-resolved photoemission *** observe thatthe V-shaped band aroundГshows three different behaviors,referred to as a/a',βandγ,mainly at different *** investigations confirm that these bands are all from the same bulk Sb-p_(z)origin,but they are quite sensitiveto the sample surface conditions mainly modulated by ***,the intriguing temperature dependent electronicbehavior of the band nearГis affected by the sample surface condition,rather than intrinsic electronic behavior originatingfrom the phase *** result systematically reveals the confusing electronic structure behavior of the energy bandsaroundГ,facilitating further exploration of the novel properties in this material.

关键词： kagome ARPES charge density wave surface sensitive

Beam based alignment using a neural network

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第4期35卷 108-118页

作者： Guan-Liang Wang Ke-Min Chen Si-Wei Wang Zhe Wang Tao He Masahito Hosaka Guang-Yao Feng Wei Xu National synchrotron radiation {2. University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230029China Diamond Light Source Oxfordshire OX110DEUK

Beams typically do not travel through the magnet centers because of errors in storage *** beam deviating from the quadrupole centers is affected by additional dipole fields due to magnetic field ***-based alignment(BBA)is often performed to determine a golden orbit where the beam circulates around the quadrupole center *** storage rings with many quadrupoles,the conventional BBA procedure is time-consuming,particularly in the commissioning phase,because of the necessary iterative *** addition,the conventional BBA method can be affected by strong coupling and the nonlinearity of the storage ring *** this study,a novel method based on a neural network was proposed to determine the golden orbit in a much shorter time with reasonable *** golden orbit can be used directly for operation or adopted as a starting point for conventional *** method was demonstrated in the HLS-II storage ring for the first time through simulations and online *** results of the experiments showed that the golden orbit obtained using this new method was consistent with that obtained using the conventional *** development of this new method and the corresponding experiments are reported in this paper.

关键词： Golden orbit Beam-based alignment Neural network Storage ring

Fast X-ray imaging beamline at SSRF

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第9期35卷 68-81页

作者： Ke Li Hong-Lan Xie Ya-Nan Fu Fei-Xiang Wang Guo-Hao Du Jian-Feng ji Biao Deng Ti-Qiao Xiao Shanghai synchrotron radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China

The fast X-ray imaging beamline(BL16U2.at Shanghai synchrotron radiation Facility(SSRF)is a new beamline that provides X-ray micro-imaging capabilities across a wide range of time scales,spanning from 100 ps toμs and *** beamline has been specifically designed to facilitate the investigation of a wide range of rapid phenomena,such as the deformation and failure of materials subjected to intense dynamic *** addition,it enables the study of high-pressure and high-speed fuel spray processes in automotive *** light source of this beamline is a cryogenic permanent magnet undulator(CPMU)that is cooled by liquid *** CPMU can generate X-ray photons within an energy range of 8.7-30 *** beamline offers two modes of operation:monochromatic beam mode with a liquid nitrogen-cooled double-crystal monochromator(DCM)and pink beam mode with the first crystal of the DCM out of the beam *** X-ray imaging methods were implemented in BL16U2.single-pulse ultrafast X-ray imaging,microsecond-resolved X-ray dynamic imaging,millisecond-resolved X-ray dynamic micro-CT,and high-resolution quantitative ***,BL16U2.is equipped with various in situ impact loading systems,such as a split Hopkinson bar system,light gas gun,and fuel spray *** the completion of the final commissioning in 2.2. and subsequent trial operations in 2.2.,the beamline has been officially available to users from 2.2..

关键词： Multiple time-scale X ray imaging Single-pulse X ray imaging Dynamic 2. imaging Dynamic micro-CT

Next generation desalination membrane with exceptional chlorine resistance

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第11期67卷 3500-3502页

作者： Shihong Lin Xinglin Lu Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Vanderbilt University CAS Key laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Department of Environmental Science and Engineering National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China

This highlight draws inspiration from a recent publication in Science where Zhang and co-workers [1] from Nanjing University of Science and Technology reported a novel multifunctional polyester reverse osmosis(RO) membrane and its application in seawater desalination. This research represents a notable advancement in the field, as polyester membranes may potentially compete with state-of-the-art polyamide RO membranes in the mainstream market.

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