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Thermal and hydrological processes in permafrost slope wetlands affect thermosyphon embankment stability

Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第4期15卷 680-694页

作者： Bo-Wen TAI Qing-Bai WU Xiao-Ming XU state key {2. of frozen Soil engineering Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil EngineeringNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

To ensure the long-term service performance of infrastructure such as railways,highways,airports and oil pipelines built on permafrost slope wetland sites,it is imperative to systematically uncover the long-term heat-water changes of soil in slope wetlands environment under climate *** specifically,considering valuable field data from 2.01 to 2.19,the long-term heat and water changes in active layers of the slope wetland site along the Qinghai-Xizang Railway(QXR)are illustrated,the effect of thermosyphon measures in protecting the permafrost environment is evaluated,and the influences of climate warming and hydrological effects on the stability of slope wetland embankments are systematically *** permafrost at the slope wetland site is rapidly degrading,demonstrating a reduction in active layer thickness of>3.7 cm per year and a permafrost temperature warming of>0.006℃ per *** thermosiphon embankment developed by QXR has a specific cooling period;thus,to mitigate the long-term impacts of climate warming on the thermal stability of permafrost foundation,it is essential to implement strengthening measures for the thermosiphon embankment,such as adding a crushed-rock layer or sunshade board on the slope of thermosiphon embankment to creating a composite cooling ***-term seasonal groundwater seepage intensifies frost damage to the slope wetland embankment,while long-term seasonal supra-permafrost water and groundwater seepage exacerbates uneven transverse deformation of slope wetland ***-term climate warming and slope effects have altered the surface water and groundwater hydrological processes of slope wetlands,potentially leading to an increased occurrence of slope embankment *** results are crucial for improving our understanding of heat and water variation processes in the active layer of slope wetland sites located in permafrost regions and ensuring long-term service safety for the QXR.

关键词： Heat and water process Active layer Slope wetland Permafrost environment Thermosyphon embankment

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Change of pore water near the freezing front during soil freezing: Migration and mechanisms

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 770-782页

作者： Yajun SHI Wei MA Lianhai ZHANG Chengsong YANG Fei SHANG Cheng CHEN state key {2. of frozen Soil engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Joint NMR laboratory for Freeze-Thaw Processes in Soils of state {2. laboratory of frozen Soil engineering and Suzhou Niumag Analytical Instrument Corporation Lanzhou 730000China

The formation and growth of segregation ice dominate the frost heave during soil freezing,which is closely related to water *** analyze segregation ice during soil freezing for different soils,a freezing-thawing experiment was conducted with Lanzhou loess(LZL)and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau silty clay(QSC)using a novel layered nuclear magnetic resonance *** LZL freezing,the unfrozen water content first increased and then decreased with decreasing temperature near the freezing front,but decreased with decreasing temperature in other layers,whereas during the freezing of QSC,the unfrozen water content in different layers(including the freezing front)decreased with decreased ***,the increased liquid water near the freezing front during LZL freezing was primarily adsorbed *** addition to the temperature gradient,the squeezing action during soil freezing was another important factor affecting water migration,especially at the early stage of soil ***,which of the two factors,squeezing action and temperature gradient,was the dominant one causing water migration depended on soil *** the early stage of soil freezing,the squeezing action had a significant effect on the water migration of LZL,but no significant effect on that of ***,water accumulation of LZL near the freezing front due to squeezing action at the early stage of freezing limited the formation and growth of segregation *** study provided an improved understanding for ice segregation and water migration during soil freezing.

关键词： freezing-thawing experiment frozen soil nuclear magnetic resonance phase transition segregation ice squeezing action unfrozen water water migration

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Thermal performance of cast-in-place piles with artificial ground freezing in permafrost regions

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1307-1328页

作者： WANG Xinbin CHEN Kun YU Qihao GUO Lei YOU Yanhui JIN Mingyang state key {2. of frozen Soil engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

During the construction of cast-in-place piles in warm permafrost,the heat carried by concrete and the cement hydration reaction can cause strong thermal disturbance to the surrounding *** the bearing capacity of the pile is quite small before the full freeze-back,the quick refreezing of the native soils surrounding the cast-in-place pile has become the focus of the infrastructure construction in *** solve this problem,this paper innovatively puts forward the application of the artificial ground freezing(AGF)method at the end of the curing period of cast-in-place piles in permafrost.A field test on the AGF was conducted at the Beiluhe Observation and Research Station of frozen Soil engineering and Environment(34°51.2.N,92.56.4'E)in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau(QTP),and then a 3-D numerical model was established to investigate the thermal performance of piles using AGF under different engineering ***,the long-term thermal performance of piles after the completion of AGF under different conditions was *** experiment results demonstrate that AGF is an effective method to reduce the refreezing time of the soil surrounding the piles constructed in permafrost terrain,with the ability to reduce the pile-soil interface temperatures to below the natural ground temperature within 3 *** results further prove that AGF still has a good cooling effect even under unfavorable engineering conditions such as high pouring temperature,large pile diameter,and large pile ***,the application of this method is meaningful to save the subsequent latency time and solve the problem of thermal disturbance in pile construction in *** research results are highly relevant for the spread of AGF technology and the rapid building of pile foundations in permafrost.

关键词： Permafrost engineering Cast-in-place pile Artificial ground freezing Thermal performance.

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Variations and future projections of glacial discharge of Urumqi River Headwaters,eastern Tien Shan(1980s-2.17)

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 537-546页

作者： Hui ZHANG Fei-Teng WANG Ping ZHOU Yi-Da XIE state key {2. of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China key laboratory of Cryospheric Science and {2. Soil engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

To address data scarcity on long-term glacial discharge and inadequacies in simulating and predicting hydrological processes in the Tien Shan,this study analysed the observed discharge at multiple timescales over 1980se2.17 and projected changes within a representative glacierized high-mountain region:eastern Tien Shan,Central *** processes were simulated to predict changes under four future scenarios(SSP1,SSP2.SSP3,and SSP5)using a classical hydrological model coupled with a glacier dynamics *** rates at annual,monthly(June,July,August)and daily timescales were obtained from two hydrological gauges:Urumqi Glacier No.1 hydrological station(UGH)and Zongkong station(ZK).Overall,annual and summer discharge increased significantly(p2.18 and 2.2. under the four SSPs *** discharge is predicted to cease earlier at ZK than at *** relates to glacier type and size,suggesting basins with heavily developed small glaciers will reach peak discharge sooner,resulting in an earlier freshwater supply *** findings serve as a reference for research into glacial runoff in Central Asia and provide a decision-making basis for planning local water-resource projects.

关键词： Observed glacial discharge Temporal variations Urumqi River Headwaters Eastern Tien Shan Simulation and projection

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Thermal stability of permafrost under U-shaped crushed rock embankment of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第1期15卷 158-169页

作者： Kun-Ming XU Guan-Li JIANG Ji CHEN Qing-Bai WU state key {2. of frozen Soil engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Beiluhe Observation Station of frozen Soil Environment and engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China

The U-shaped crushed rock embankment(UCRE),of which widely utilized in the permafrost regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway,has the capability to rapidly reduce the ground temperature of the underlying ***,there remains uncertainty regarding the adaptation of UCRE to climate change and its long-term cooling *** study focuses on nine UCRE monitoring sites along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway to analyze the dynamic variations of the ground temperature underlying permafrost from 2.06 to *** efficiency of UCRE in stabilizing permafrost temperature in different permafrost zones is evaluated by considering the permafrost table,ground temperature,and MAGT,as well as the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the crushed rock layer and the ground temperature variation index(GTVI).The results show that UCRE is suitable for application in extremely unstable warm permafrost regions where the MAGT is higher than-0.5℃.Moreover,UCRE effectively diminishes the disparity in permafrost thermal stability between the sunny and shaded shoulders of the *** short-term and long-term effect of cooling permafrost is experiencing a change related with permafrost ***,in stable cold permafrost regions with MAGT lower than-1.5℃,the long-term cooling effect of UCRE on permafrost seems to gradually di-minishes,but UCRE continues to fulfill the role of stabilizing the underlying permafrost thermal state over the *** results show that UCRE can quickly restore and stabilize the thermal state of permafrost in the early stages of construction,and adapt to the influence of future climate *** findings provide important guidance for understanding the variations of permafrost thermal stability beneath the embankment in permafrost regions,as well as for improving the embankment stability and operational safety of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet Railway U-shaped crushed rock embankment Climate change Permafrost zone Ground temperature variation index Long-term coolingrole

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Application of a concrete thermal pile in cooling the warming permafrost under climate change

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第1期15卷 170-183页

作者： Yun-Hu SHANG Fu-Jun NIU Guo-Yu LI Jian-Hong FANG Ze-Yong GAO state key {2. of frozen Soil engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Da Xing'anling Observation and Research Station of frozen-Ground engineering and Environment Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesJagdaqi 165000China Qinghai Research Institute of Transportation Xining 810008China

Permafrost degradation caused by climate warming is posing a serious threat to the stability of cast-in-place pile foundations in warm permafrost *** cold energy can be effectively utilized by two-phase closed thermosyphons(TPCTs)to cool the ***,we installed TPCTs in a cast-in-place pile foundation to create a unique structure called a thermal pile,which effectively utilizes the TPCTs to regulate ground *** we conducted a case study and numerical simulation to exhibit the cooling performance,and optimize the structure of the thermal *** purpose of this study is to promote the application of thermal piles in unstable permafrost *** on the findings,the thermal pile operated for approximately 53%of the entire year and effectively reduced the deep ground temperature at a rate of at least-0.1℃per ***,it successfully raised the permafrost table that is 0.35 m shallower than the natural ground *** characteristics prove highly beneficial in mitigating the adverse effects of permafrost degradation and enhancing infrastructure *** the length of the condenser section and the diameter of the TPCT in a suitable manner can effectively enhance the cooling capability of the thermal pile and ensure the long-term mechanical stability of the pile foundation even under climate warming.

关键词： Heat transfer Cold energy Warm permafrost Two-phase closed thermosyphons Cast-in-place pile foundation

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Spatial distribution of supra-permafrost groundwater in the Qinghai-Tibet engineering Corridor using inversion models

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第1期15卷 31-41页

作者： Yu GAO Ming-Tang CHAI Wei MA Yu-Tao GAO state key {2. of frozen Soils engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 73000China School of engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Civil and Hydraulic engineering Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China

Supra-permafrost groundwater(SPG)is a key factor that causes damage to highways and railways in the Qinghai-Tibet engineering Corridor(QTEC).It is difficult to monitor SPG in the field due to their complex formation mechanisms and movement *** single-site field monitoring studies limit the spatial and temporal precision of SPG spatial *** determine the moisture content of shallow soils and the SPG distribution along the QTEC,this work employed the temperature vegetation dryness index and remote sensing models for groundwater table distribution *** accuracies of the models were validated using mea-surements obtained from different sites in the *** the permafrost zones of the QTEC,72.,2.%and 6%of the SPG were located at depths of 0.5-1,1 m,***,79.4%of the area along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway(QTH)(Xidatan-Tanggula)section contained *** these sections with SPG,37.9%have an SPG table at depths of 0.5-0.8 *** study preliminarily explored the SPG distribution in the QTEC with a 30 m *** findings can help improve the spatial scale of SPG research,provide a basis for the analysis of the hydrothermal mechanisms,and serve as a guide in the assessment of operational risks and road structure designs.

关键词： Dryness index Landsat Soil moisture Groundwater level Qinghai-Tibet engineering Corridor

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Experimental study on the movement of oil spill under freeze-thaw action

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2024年第3期16卷 111-120页

作者： ZeLiang Ye JianGuo Lu MingYi Zhang WanSheng Pei ShuTong Li state key {2. of frozen Soil engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China key laboratory of Cryospheric Science and {2. Soil engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Civil engineering and Geomatics Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengduSichuan 610500China

Oil leakages cause environmental pollution,economic losses,and even engineering safety *** cold regions,researchers urgently investigate the movement of oil spill in soils exposed to freeze-thaw *** this study,a series of laboratory model experiments were carried out on the migration of oil leakage under freeze-thaw action,and the distributions of the soil temperature,un{2. water content,and displacement were *** results showed that under freeze-thaw action,liquid water in soils migrated to the freezing front and *** the pipe cracked,oil pollutants first gathered at one side of the leak hole,and then moved *** pipe wall temperature affected the soil temperature field,and the thermal influence range below and transverse the pipe wall(35–40 cm)was larger than that above the pipe wall(8 cm)owing to the soil surface *** leaked oil's temperature would make the temperature of the surrounding soil *** would inhibit the cooling of the ***,oil migration was significantly affected by the gravity and water flow *** freeze-thaw action would affect the migration of the oil,which was mainly manifested as inhibiting the diffusion and movement of oil when soils were *** water transport caused by freeze-thaw cycles would also inhibit oil *** research results would provide a scientific reference for understanding the relationship between the movement of oil pollutants,water,and soil temperature,and for establishing a waterheat-mass transport model in {2. soils.

关键词： Freeze-thaw action Oil movement Soil temperature Unfrozen water content Model test

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Degradation of warm permafrost and talik formation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in 2.06-2.2.

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 275-284页

作者： Qi-Hang MEI Ji CHEN You-Qian LIU Shou-Hong ZHANG Jing-Yi ZHAO Tian-Chun DONG Jun-Cheng WANG Yao-Jun ZHAO Beiluhe Observation and Research Station of frozen Soil engineering and Environment Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil EngineeringNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environmental and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China China Railway Qinghai-Tibet Group Co.Ltd Xining 810007China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Permafrost is degrading globally,particularly those with low thermal stability on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,owing to climate ***,the inadequacy of direct research on permafrost degradation based on in-situ monitoring limits the prediction of permafrost degradation and engineering *** study explored the processes and modes of permafrost degradation into talik by analyzing ground temperature data from five points in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 2.06 to *** results showed that the degradation of the warm permafrost layer with a geothermal gradient of zero occurred simultaneously in the top and bottom *** rate of permafrost degradation from the top down and bottom up increase during the degradation process,but the increase of the former is more drastic after the formation of thawed ***,the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway changed the degradation modes of the permafrost in adjacent natural sites through horizontal heat transfer,particularly after through talik formation under the *** findings suggest that taking countermeasures before or immediately after forming thawed interlayer is more *** evaluating the thermal impact of projects in warm permafrost regions,special attention should be given to the horizontal heat transfer process that may result from the formation of a through talik.

关键词： Warm permafrost Degradation Talik Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Climate change

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Evaluation of the energy budget of thermokarst lake in permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第4期15卷 636-646页

作者： Ze-Yong GAO Fu-Jun NIU Yi-Bo WANG Jing LUO Guo-An YIN Yun-Hu SHANG Zhan-Ju LIN key laboratory of Cryospheric Science and {2. Soil engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou 730000China College of Earth and Environment Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 73000China

Thermokarst lake formation accelerates permafrost degradation due to climate warming,thereby releasing significant amounts of carbon into the atmosphere,complicating hydrological cycles,and causing environmental ***,the energy transfer mechanism from the surface to the sediment of thermokarst lakes remains largely unexplored,thereby limiting our understanding of the magnitude and duration of biogeochemical processes and hydrological ***,herein,a typical thermokarst lake situated in the center of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)was selected for observation and energy budget *** results showed that the net radiation of the thermokarst lake surface was 95.1,156.9,and 32.3 W m^(-2. for the annual,ice-free,and ice-covered periods,respectively,and was approximately 76%of the net radiation consumed by latent heat *** in heat storage in the thermokarst lake initially increased from January to April,then decreased from April to December,with a maximum change of 48.1 W m^(-2. in *** annual average heat fuxes from lake water to sediments were 1.4 W m^(-2.;higher heat fluxes occurred during the ice-free season at a range of 4.9-12.0 W m^(-2..The imbalance between heat absorption and release in the millennium scale caused the underlying permafrost of the thermokarst lake to completely *** present,the ground temperature beneath the lake bottom at a depth of 15 m has reached 2.0℃.The temperatures and vapor-pressure conditions of air and lake surfaces control the energy budget of the thermokarst *** findings indicate that changes in the hydrologic regime shifts and biogeochemical processes are more frequent under climate warming and permafrost degradation.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Thermokarst lake Energy budget Permafrost degradation Hydrological cycle

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