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Bivariate attribution of the compound hot and dry summer of 2.2. on the Tibetan Plateau

science China Earth sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2122-2136页

作者： Baiquan ZHOU Panmao ZHAI Zhen LIAO state Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

The extraordinarily high temperatures experienced during the summer of 2.2. on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)demand attention when compared with its typical climatic *** absence of precipitation alongside the elevated temperatures resulted in 2.2. being the hottest and driest summer on record on the TP since at least *** the susceptibility of the TP to climate change,this study employed large-ensemble simulations from the HadGEM3-A-N2.6 attribution system,together with a copula-based joint probability distribution,to investigate the influence of anthropogenic forcing,primarily global greenhouse gas emissions,on this unprecedented compound hot and dry event(CHDE).Findings revealed that the return period for the 2.2. CHDE on the TP exceeds 4000 years,as determined from the fitted joint distributions derived using observational data spanning *** CHDE was directly linked to large-scale circulation anomalies,including the control of equivalent-barotropic high-pressure anomalies and the northward displacement of the subtropical westerly jet ***,anthropogenic forcing has,to some extent,promoted the surface warming and increased variability in precipitation on the TP in summer,establishing conditions conducive for the 2.2. CHDE from a long-term climate change *** return period for a 2.2.-like CHDE on the TP was estimated to be approximately 2.3 years(142.613 years)by the large ensemble forced by both anthropogenic activities and natural ***,ensemble simulations driven solely by natural forcing indicated that the likelihood of occurrence of a 2.2.-like CHDE was almost *** outcomes underscore that the contribution of anthropogenic forcing to the probability of a 2.2.-like CHDE was 100%,implying that without anthropogenically induced global warming,a comparable CHDE akin to that observed in 2.2. on the TP would not be possible.

关键词： Compound hot and dry event Tibetan Plateau Bivariate event attribution Anthropogenic forcing

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Precipitation Evolution from Plain to Mountains during the July 2.2. Extreme Heavy Rainfall Event in North China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第4期38卷 635-651页

作者： Mingxin LI Jisong SUN Feng LI Chong WU Rudi XIA Xinghua BAO Jinfang YIN Xudong LIANG state Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

North China experienced devastating rainfall from 2. July to 1 August 2.2.,which caused substantial flooding and *** study analyzed observations from surface rain gauges and S-band dual-polarization radars to reveal the following unique features of the precipitation evolution from the plain to the mountains during this event.(1) The total rainfall was found concentrated along the Taihang Mountains at elevations generally > 2.0 m,and its spatiotemporal evolution was closely associated with northward-moving low-level jets.(2. Storms propagated northwestward with southeasterly steering winds,producing continuous rainfall along the eastern slopes of the Taihang Mountains owing to mountain blocking,which resulted in the formation of local centers of precipitation ***,most rainfall episodes with an extreme hourly rainfall rate(HRR),corresponding to large horizontal wind shear at low levels,actively occurred in the plain area to the east of the Taihang Mountains.(3) The western portion of the extreme heavy rain belt in the north was mainly caused by long-lasting cumulus–stratus mixed precipitation with HRR2. mm h~(-1);the eastern portion was dominated by short-duration convective precipitation with HRR > 2. mm h~(-1).The contributions of convective precipitation and cumulus–stratus mixed precipitation to the total rainfall of the southern and middle rain belts were broadly equivalent.(4) The local HRR maxima located at the transition zone from the plain to the mountains were induced by moderate storm-scale convective cells with active warm-rain processes and large number of small-sized rain droplets.(5) During the devastating rainfall event,it was observed that the rainfall peaked at around 1800 local time(LT) every day over the upstream plain area(no diurnal cycle of rainfall was observed in relation to the accumulated rainfall centers over mountain areas).This was attributable to convective activities along the storm propagation path,which was a resu

关键词： extreme rainfall from plain to mountains convective precipitation stratiform precipitation hourly rainfall rate low-level jet diurnal variation

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Vector Radiative Transfer in a Vertically Inhomogeneous Scattering and Emitting ***Ⅰ:A New Discrete Ordinate Method

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第2期38卷 209-224页

作者： Ziqiang ZHU Fuzhong WENG Yang HAN Chinese academy of Meteorological sciences China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081 state Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

The original vector discrete ordinate radiative transfer(VDISORT)model takes into account Stokes radiance vector but derives its solution assuming azimuthal symmetric surface reflective matrix and atmospheric scattering phase matrix,such as the phase matrix derived from spherical particles or randomly oriented non-spherical *** this study,a new VDISORT is developed for general atmospheric scattering and boundary *** vector is decomposed into both sinusoidal and cosinusoidal harmonic modes,and the radiance at arbitrary viewing geometry is solved directly by adding two zero-weighted points in the Gaussian quadrature *** complex eigenvalues in homogeneous solutions are also taken into full *** accuracy of VDISORT model is comprehensively validated by four cases:Rayleigh scattering case,the spherical particle scattering case with the Legendre expansion coefficients of 0th-13th orders of the phase matrix(hereinafter L13),L13 with a polarized source,and the randomoriented oblate particle scattering case with the Legendre expansion coefficients of 0th-11th orders of the phase matrix(hereinafter L11).In all cases,the simulated radiances agree well with the benchmarks,with absolute biases less than 0.0065,0.0006,and 0.0008 for Rayleigh,unpolarized L13,and L11,*** a polarized bidirectional reflection distribution function(pBRDF)matrix is used as the lower boundary condition,VDISORT is now able to handle fully coupled atmospheric and surface polarimetric radiative transfer processes.

关键词： radiative transfer discrete ordinate polarization Stokes vector vector discrete ordinate radiative transfer(VDISORT)

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Slip rate and interseismic coupling along the Moxi-Shimian segment of the Xianshuihe fault, Eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第4期15卷 338-351页

作者： Xinyu Zhao Gang Liu Zhaosheng Nie Wei Xiong Wei Chen Mu Lin Dijin Wang Qi Li Jiansheng Yu Dongzhen Wang Pengfei Yu Institute of Seismology China Earthquake AdministrationWuhan 430071China Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy.China Earthquake administration Wuhan 430071China state Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430077China

On September 5,2.2.,the Luding M6.8 earthquake occurred in the Moxi-Shimian segment of the Xianshuihe fault,coinciding with the historical ruptured zone of the 1786 Moxi *** seis-mogenic environment provides a foundation for comprehending the mechanism of the earthquake and its future *** the Moxi-Shimian segment,we establish a series of near-field Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNsS)stations to enhance the spatial resolution of observational data for the inversion of the interseismic kinematic *** this study,with an elastic screw dislocation model con-strained by GNsS observations,the slip rate of the Moxi-Shimian segment is estimated to be 10.9±1.0 mm/yr,while the locking depth is 15.7±6.2.***,we utilize a block-dislocation model to invert the interseismic fault coupling along the Kangding-Moxi-Shimian *** result indicates a gradual deepening of the locking depth along the section from Kangding to *** coseismic rupture of the 2.2. event occurred within the high coupling regions in the Kangding-Moxi-Shimian segment,which indicates that the rupture kinematics in this event might be controlled by the interseismic *** seismic moment accumulated within the ruptured zone of the Luding earthquake since 1786 ranges in[1.42.3.40]×10^(19) N-m,which is significantly greater than the seismic moment released during the 2.2. *** a result,we infer that the Luding earthquake released only a portion of the accumulated energy within the original rupture zone since 1786,indicating that the 2.2. event has not caused a complete rupture in the Moxi-Shimian ***,there remains a substantial seismic hazard in this area.

关键词： Moxi-Shimian segment of Xianshuihe fault Luding earthquake Global positioning system Interseismic kinematic parameters

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Evaluation of CLDAS and GPM Precipitation Products over the Tibetan Plateau in Summer 2.05–2.2. Based on Hourly Rain Gauge Observations

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第4期38卷 749-767页

作者： Qiaohua LIU Xiuping YAO School of Atmospheric sciences Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 state Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 China Meteorological administration Training Centre Beijing 100081

Accurate,reliable,and high spatiotemporal resolution precipitation products are essential for precipitation research,hydrological simulation,disaster warning,and many other applications over the Tibetan Plateau(TP).The Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM) data are widely recognized as the most reliable satellite precipitation product for the *** China Meteorological administration(CMA) Land Data Assimilation System(CLDAS) precipitation fusion dataset(CLDAS-Prcp),hereafter referred to as CLDAS,is a high-resolution,self-developed precipitation product in China with regional *** on the TP,this study provides a long-term evaluation of CLDAS and GPM from various aspects,including characteristics on different timescales,diurnal variation,and elevation impacts,based on hourly rain gauge data in summer from 2.05 to *** results show that CLDAS and GPM are highly effective alternatives to the rain gauge records over the *** both perform well for precipitation amount and frequency on multiple *** tends to overestimate precipitation amount and underestimate precipitation frequency over the ***,GPM tends to overestimate both precipitation amount and *** difference between them mainly lies in the trace *** and GPM effectively capture rainfall events,but their performance decreases significantly as intensity *** both show better accuracy in diurnal variation of precipitation amount than frequency,and their performance tends to be superior during nighttime compared to the ***,there are some differences of the two against rain gauge observations in diurnal variation,especially in the phase of the diurnal *** performance of CLDAS and GPM varies at different *** both have the best performance over 3000–3500 *** elevation dependence of CLDAS is relatively minor,while GPM shows a stronger elevation dependence in terms of precipitation *** tends to ov

关键词： China Meteorological administration(CMA)Land Data Assimilation System(CLDAS)precipitation fusion dataset(CLDAS-Prcp) Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM) Tibetan Plateau(TP) precipitation evaluation

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Study of factors influencing the occurrence rate of 60 Hz power line radiation in the topside ionosphere:A systematic survey using the CSES satellite

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science China(Technological sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1879-1892页

作者： MA ZhenHui ZHAO ShuFan LIAO Li SHEN XuHui LU HengXin School of Emergency Management science and Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China state Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing100085China Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing100081China

We analyze the topside ionosphere power line radiation(PLR)at 60 Hz over the US using electric field data collected by CSES satellite between January 2.19 and December *** study aimed to further investigate the month-to-month variation characteristic of PLR occurrence rate observed by satellite and its several influencing factors,including solar radiation,lightning activity,and try to clarify the influence of electricity *** results show that the solar radiation(solar zenith angle and F10.7)plays a major role in the variation of the PLR occurrence rate,and that there is no direct connection with the number of *** the relationship between PLR occurrence rate and electricity consumption,the low occurrence rate associated with decreased weekend electricity consumption was not observed in the ***,there is a significant difference in PLR occurrence rate between the East and West Coasts of the US at the same latitude during the same time period,suggesting that the significant difference in PLR occurrence rate is caused by the significant difference in electricity consumption between the two *** excluding the effect of solar radiation on PLR occurrence rate,we concluded that only a significant difference in regional electricity consumption could lead to a corresponding change in PLR occurrence rate detected by the Low-Earth-Orbit ***,we also found there is seasonal variation in the diurnal differences of the PLR occurrence rate caused by seasonal variation of the lower ionosphere.

关键词： CSES satellite power line radiation occurrence rate solar radiation lightning activity electricity consumption

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Sorely reducing emissions of non-methane short-lived climate forcers will worsen compound flood-heatwave extremes in the Northern Hemisphere

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第4期15卷 737-750页

作者： Ying-Fang LI Zhi-Li WANG Ya-Dong LEI Xiao-Chao YU Lin LIU Hui-Zheng CHE Xiao-Ye ZHANG state Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological administration Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100190China

Non-methane short-lived climate forcer(SLCF)or near-term climate forcer(NTCF)emissions,as a significant driver of climate change,can be reduced to improve air *** reductions may contribute to additional warming of the climate system in the short term,thereby strongly affecting the likelihood of climate ***,there has been no quantitative assessment of the impact of non-methane SLCF mitigation on compound flood-heatwave extremes(CFHEs).This study quantitatively investigates the changes in future(2.31-2.50 versus 1995-2.14)CFHEs and the resulting population exposure in the Northern Hemisphere(NH)due to non-methane SLCF *** used multi-model ensemble simulations under two future scenarios from the Aerosol and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project(AerChemMIP)in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6).The two future scenarios share the same greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions but have weak(Shared Socioeconomic Pathway(SSP)3-7.0)versus strong(SSP3-7.0-lowNTCF)levels of air quality control *** results show that future non-methane SLCF reductions during 2.31-2.50 results in about a 7.3%±2.3%increase in grid exposure to CFHEs in the NH relative to the period *** frequency,intensity,and duration of CFHEs increase by varying *** the period 2.31-2.50,the frequency of CFHEs across the NH increases by 2.9±0.9 events per decade due to non-methane SLCF *** increases in CFHE frequency are more pronounced in East Asia,South Asia,Siberia,and northern and eastern North *** East and South Asia,the in-tensities of both heatwaves and floods corresponding to CFHEs increase markedly,where heatwave magnitude(HWM)increases by 0.3±0.2.K in East Asia and weighted average precipitation(WAP)increases by 18.3%±15.3%and 12.0%±4.5%in East Asia and South Asia,*** other regions,rising temperatures dominate the increase in *** regard to the duration of CFHEs,future reductions in non-methane SLC

关键词： Non-methane SLCFs CHFEs Cleaner air Population exposure

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A 10-yr Rainfall and Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Climatology over Coastal and Inland Regions of Guangdong,China during the Pre-Summer Rainy Season

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第3期38卷 469-488页

作者： Yuqing RUAN Rudi XIA Xinghua BAO Dong ZHENG Yan SHEN Jinfang YIN state Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China National Meteorological Information Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China

A comparative analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of rainfall and lightning in coastal and inland areas of Guangdong Province of China during the pre-summer rainy season(PSRS)from 2.08 to 2.17 reveals distinct *** the inland target region(ITR),rainfall is concentrated in the central and eastern mountainous *** exhibits a bimodal diurnal variation,with peaks in the afternoon and *** afternoon peak becomes more pronounced during the post-monsoon-onset period because of the increased rainfall ***,in the coastal target region(CTR),rainfall concentrates around mountainous ***,CTR’s rainfall is weaker than ITR’s during the pre-monsoon-onset period,primarily associated with the lower-level moisture outflow in CTR,but it strengthens significantly during the post-monsoon-onset period owing to enhanced moisture ***’s diurnal rainfall variation transitions from bimodal to a single broad peak during the post-monsoon-onset period,influenced by changes in both rainfall frequency and *** contrast to rainfall,the spatiotemporal distribution of lightning centers remains relatively stable during the *** strongest center is located over ITR’s plains west of the rainfall center,with a secondary center in the western plains of *** activity significantly increases during the post-monsoon-onset period,particularly in ITR,primarily because of the increased lightning *** diurnal lightning flash density and lightning hours show a single afternoon peak in the two target regions,and the timing of the peak in ITR is approximately two hours later than in *** circulation analysis indicates that during early morning,the lower atmosphere is nearly neutral in *** advected warm,moist,unstable airflow,combined with topography,favors convection *** the afternoon,solar radiation increases thermal instability,further enhancing the convection frequency and in

关键词： rainfall lightning spatiotemporal distribution diurnal variation pre-summer rainy season

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Diagnosis of the Kinetic Energy of the“2.·7”Extreme Torrential Rainfall Event in Henan Province,China

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第1期41卷 73-83页

作者： Xiuping YAO Ruoying LI Xiaohong BAO Qiaohua LIU China Meteorological administration Training Centre Beijing 100081China state Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Atmospheric sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

An extreme torrential rain(ETR)event occurred in Henan Province,China,during 18-2. July *** on hourly rain-gauge observations and ERA5 reanalysis data,the ETR was studied from the perspective of kinetic energy(K),which can be divided into rotational wind(V_(R))kinetic energy(K_(R)),divergent wind kinetic energy(K_(D)),and the kinetic energy of the interaction between the divergent and rotational winds(K_(RD)).According to the hourly precipitation intensity variability,the ETR process was divided into an initial stage,a rapid increase stage,and maintenance *** showed that the intensification and maintenance of ETR were closely related to the upper-level K,and most closely related to the upperlevel K_(R),with a correlation coefficient of up to *** particular,the peak value of hourly rainfall intensity lagged behind the K_(R) by 8 ***,diagnosis showed that K transformation from unresolvable to resolvable scales made the ETR increase *** meridional rotational wind(u_(R))and meridional gradient of the geopotential(φ)jointly determined the conversion of available potential energy(APE)to K_(R) through the barotropic process,which dominated the rapid enhancement of K_(R) and then caused the rapid increase in *** transportation of K by rotational wind consumed K_(R),and basically offset the K_(R) produced by the barotropic process,which basically kept K_(R) stable at a high value,thus maintaining the ETR.

关键词： extreme torrential rain rotational kinetic energy kinetic energy generation and transport barotropic process

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Coupling Co2. nanoparticles onto N,P-doped biomass-derived carbon as efficient electrocatalysts for flexible Zn–air batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第10期43卷 4982-4991页

作者： Shu-Qi Li Kang Sun Yan-Yan Liu Shu-Ling Liu Jing-Jing Zhou Wen-Bo Zhang Yi-Hang Lu Xiang-Meng Chen Xiao-Peng Wang Bao-Jun Li Jian-Chun Jiang College of science Henan Agricultural University Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical UtilizationKey and Open Lab on Forest Chemical EngineeringChinese Academy of ForestryState Forestry Administration

Catalysts for oxygen conversion play an important role in energy storage and conversion technologies such as metal-air *** highly active stable,and low-cost catalysts is critical for further implementation of the above ***,an efficien oxygen electrocatalyst with Co2. nanoparticles （NPs）coupling onto N,P-doped porous carbon nanosheets（Co2.@NPAC） derived from cotton stalk is successfully designed and prepared via activation,hydrothermal treatment,and pyrolysis *** excellent properties of electrical conductivity,mass transfer,and synergistic integration between Co2. and N,P-doped carbon endow Co2.@NPAC composite with superior oxygen reduction reaction/oxygen evolution reaction （ORR/OER） ***2.@NPAC catalyst achieves ORR activity with half-wave potential of 0.85 V and high OER activity with overpotential of 2.1 mV at 10 mA·*** flexible Zn-air batteries （ZABs） based on Co2.@NPAC catalyst revea outstanding performances with a high open-circuit voltage（1.38 V）,a peak power density of (75 mW·cm-2.,and a low charge-discharge voltage gap （0.74 V,～2.0 cycles）The flexible ZABs express the stable discharge-charge voltage gap at various bending *** work provides interesting inspiration for the ingenious design of efficien carbon electrocatalysts from biomass with potential application of energy storage and conversion devices.

关键词： Cotton stalk Flexible Zn–air batteries N,P-doped activated carbon Oxygen reduction reaction

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