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Thermal stability of permafrost under U-shaped crushed rock embankment of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第1期15卷 158-169页

作者： Kun-Ming XU Guan-Li JIANG Ji CHEN Qing-Bai WU State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Beiluhe Observation Station of Frozen Soil environment and Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China

The U-shaped crushed rock embankment(UCRE),of which widely utilized in the permafrost regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway,has the capability to rapidly reduce the ground temperature of the underlying ***,there remains uncertainty regarding the adaptation of UCRE to climate change and its long-term cooling *** study focuses on nine UCRE monitoring sites along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway to analyze the dynamic variations of the ground temperature underlying permafrost from 2.06 to *** efficiency of UCRE in stabilizing permafrost temperature in different permafrost zones is evaluated by considering the permafrost table,ground temperature,and MAGT,as well as the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the crushed rock layer and the ground temperature variation index(GTVI).The results show that UCRE is suitable for application in extremely unstable warm permafrost regions where the MAGT is higher than-0.5℃.Moreover,UCRE effectively diminishes the disparity in permafrost thermal stability between the sunny and shaded shoulders of the *** short-term and long-term effect of cooling permafrost is experiencing a change related with permafrost ***,in stable cold permafrost regions with MAGT lower than-1.5℃,the long-term cooling effect of UCRE on permafrost seems to gradually di-minishes,but UCRE continues to fulfill the role of stabilizing the underlying permafrost thermal state over the *** results show that UCRE can quickly restore and stabilize the thermal state of permafrost in the early stages of construction,and adapt to the influence of future climate *** findings provide important guidance for understanding the variations of permafrost thermal stability beneath the embankment in permafrost regions,as well as for improving the embankment stability and operational safety of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet Railway U-shaped crushed rock embankment Climate change Permafrost zone Ground temperature variation index Long-term coolingrole

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Effect of movability of water on the low-velocity pre-Darcy flow in clay soil

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第8期16卷 3299-3310页

作者： Hui Cheng Fugang Wang Shengwei Li Xiaotong Guan Guohua Yang Zhongle Cheng Ceting Yu Yilong Yuan Guanhong Feng Key Laboratory of Groundwater resources and environment Ministry of EducationJilin UniversityChangchun130012China Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water resources and Water environment Jilin UniversityChangchun130012China Chengdu Center China Geological SurveyChengdu610081China

Water seepage in soil is a fundamental problem involving various scientific and engineering *** to the literature,low-velocity water seepage in low-permeability porous media,such as clay,does not follow Darcy's law,also known as pre-Darcy *** formation of immovable water due to water adsorption on the pore wall is believed to be responsible for the formation of pre-Darcy ***,this view lacks direct solid *** investigate the pre-Darcy water flow in clay,head permeability experiments are conducted on six clay samples with different *** results indicate that water seepage in clay at low hydraulic gradients does not follow Darcy's law.A clear nonlinear relationship between flow velocity and hydraulic gradient is *** flow in clay can be divided into the pre-Darcy flow and Darcy flow regions by the critical hydraulic gradient,which is 10-12.for the Albic soil with dry density between 1.3 g/cm^(3)and 1.8 g/cm^(3).According to the disjoining pressure theory,immovable water due to water adsorption on the pore wall is the primary reason for water flow deviating from Darcy's law in *** results indicate that the percentage of movable water ranges from 39.7%to 59.3%for the six samples at a hydraulic gradient of *** the hydraulic gradient increases,the percentage of moveable water also ***,there is a strong correlation between the percentage of movable water and the variation in hydraulic conductivity with the hydraulic ***,a quantitative relationship between the percentage of movable water and the hydraulic conductivity has been *** results of this study suggest that water adsorption on the pore wall not only affects the water movability,but is also closely related to the pre-Darcy flow phenomenon in clay.

关键词： Pre-Darcy flow Clay Critical hydraulic gradient Water movability analysis

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Solvent extraction of scandium from leaching solution of red mud roasted with ammonium sulfate using D2.HPA/TBP

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第10期42卷 1943-1949页

作者： Fucheng Li Xinsheng Li Lei Shi Xiang Li Duoqiang Liang Yuezhou Wei Toyohisa Fujita school of resources Environment and MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materiais and Life-for Composite Structures Guangxi UniversityNanning530004China school of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South ChinaHengyang421001China

Red mud is an important secondary resource for scandium *** red mud leaching solution containing scandium in this study was derived from environmentally friendly ammonium sulfate roasting and water leaching process.A synergistic extraction with a mixture of di(2.ethylhexyl)phosphate acid(D2.HPA)and tributyl phosphate(TBP)for recovery of scandium from red mud leaching solution is *** effects of D2.HPA concentration,H_(2.SO_(4)concentration,rare earth elements,dosage of TBP,phase ratio(A/O),contact time and H_(2.O_(2.concentration on scandium extraction were *** results show that more than 99%scandium is extracted under the optimal conditions while Fe,Al,Ti,Ca and rare earth elements(Ce,Y,La,Nd,Er,etc.)are hardly *** stripping efficiency of Sc reaches above 92.37%under the optimal stripping conditions of 5 mol/L NaOH with an A/O of 1 at 90℃for 30 *** proposed technology could provide an effective method for extraction of scandium from red mud leaching solution.

关键词： Scandium Red mud leaching solution D2.HPA/TBP Solvent extraction Rare earths

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Binder-induced ultrafast ■-intercalation toward a high-voltage,high-power and long-cycling zinc–graphite dual-ion battery

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Rare Metals 2024年第10期43卷 5017-5029页

作者： Gen Li Xiao-Jun Shi Ting Dong Qian Yu Zhi-Fei Mao Xin-Hua Liu Rui Wang Bei-Bei He Jun Jin Yan-Sheng Gong Huan-Wen Wang Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education Faculty of Material Science and ChemistryChina University of Geosciences College of resources and environment South-Central Minzu University school of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang University

Metallic zinc is an ideal anode material owing to its high theoretical capacity (819 mAh·g-1),ecofriendliness,low cost and high safety,which have driven fast development of Zn-ion batteries （ZIBs）.However,the practical application of current ZIBs is significantly restricted by irregular dendrite growth of zinc anode and the low working voltage （usually2.V） of cathode ***,we report a high-voltage Zn-based dualion battery （DIB）,which is constructed by a graphite cathode,a Zn anode,and 3 M LiPF6in the ethyl methyl carbonate （EMC） *** the corrosion interaction of Li+ions,Zn2.can be easily dissolved from Zn anode into the electrolyte to enable dendrite-free Zn2.plating/stripping at the ***,an aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC） binder is employed to generate a robust cathode electrolyte interface （CEI） layer on the graphite cathode,which renders ultrafast PF6--de-/intercalation into *** resultant Zn–graphite DIB operates stably at a high cut off voltage of 3.2.V,corresponding to an average output voltage of 2.2.*** 9000cycles at 5C,the high capacity retention of 95.9% can be achieved with～100%Coulomb *** on the mass of cathode material,our Zn–graphite battery exhibits ultrafast rate capability （60 C,a discharge time of 44 s） and high energy/power densities (2.8 Wh·kg-1at 2.4 W·kg-1;142.Wh·kg-1at 8692.W·kg-1),which holds great promise for large-scale energy storage.

关键词： Binder Graphite High-voltage PF6−-de-/intercalation Zn-ion batteries

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Carrying Capacity and Coupling Coordination of Water and Land resources Systems in Arid and Semi-arid Areas: A Case Study of Yulin City, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第5期34卷 931-950页

作者： ZHANG Qianxi CAO Zhi WANG Yongsheng HUANG Yijia Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of resources and environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Quantitatively assessing the carrying capacity of water and land resources systems in arid and semi-arid areas is crucial for achieving the 2.30 Sustainable Development *** this work,taking Yulin City in China as a case study and employing the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation(CRITIC)method,a modified model of coupling degree was developed to evaluate the car-rying capacity of water and land resources systems endowment and utilization,as well as their coupling coordination degree from 2.13 to *** findings indicate that the water and land resources of Yulin are diminishing due to declines in agriculture,higher industrial water use,and wetland ***,reallocating domestic water for ecological sustainability and reducing sloping farmland can mitigate this trend of ***,as the coupling coordination between water and land resources system endowment in Yulin continuously improved,the coupling coordination between water and land resources system utilization first decreased and then in-creased with 2.16 as the turning ***,the carrying capacity of water and land resources systems,the coupling coordination degree between water and land resources system endowment,and the coupling coordination degree between water and land resources system utilization in Yulin exhibited the same pattern of being higher in the six northern counties than in the six southern *** the water resources endowment is vital for the highly efficient use of water and land resources.

关键词： water and land resources systems carrying capacity coupling coordination human-earth system sustainable development Yulin City,China

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Design of dual-functional protic porous ionic liquids for boosting selective extractive desulfurization

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2817-2829页

作者： Jin-Rui Zhang Jie Yin Jing He Hong-Shun Ran Wei Jiang Hong-Ping Li Wen-Shuai Zhu Hua-Ming Li Ming Zhang school of the environment and Safety Engineering & Institute for Energy Research Jiangsu University school of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University

Porous ionic liquids have demonstrated excellent performance in the field of separation, attributed to their high specific surface area and efficient mass transfer. Herein, task-specific protic porous ionic liquids(PPILs) were prepared by employing a novel one-step coupling neutralization reaction strategy for extractive desulfurization. The single-extraction efficiency of PPILs reached 75.0% for ***, adding aromatic hydrocarbon interferents resulted in a slight decrease in the extraction efficiency of PPILs(from 45.2. to 37.3%, 37.9%, and 33.5%), indicating the excellent extraction selectivity of PPILs. The experimental measurements and density functional theory calculations reveal that the surface channels of porous structures can selectively capture dibenzothiophene by the stronger electrophilicity(Eint(HS surface channel/DBT)=-39.8 kcal mol-1), and the multiple extraction sites of ion pairs can effectively enrich and transport dibenzothiophene from the oil phase into PPILs through π...π, C-H...π and hydrogen bonds interactions. Furthermore, this straightforward synthetic strategy can be employed in preparing porous liquids, offering new possibilities for synthesizing PPILs with tailored functionalities.

关键词： Protic porous ionic liquids Extractive desulfurization Selectivity Density functional theory

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Characterization of size-resolved effective density of atmospheric particles in an urban atmosphere in Southern China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 194-204页

作者： Tingting Xie Liming Cao Jinyi Zheng Peng Xuan Xiaofeng Huang Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite School of Environment and EnergyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen 518055China

Effective density(ρ_(eff))is one of the most important physical properties of atmospheric particles,providing important references in exploring the emissions and aging processes of fresh *** this study,a combined system of differential mobility analyzer,centrifugal particle mass analyzer,and condensation particle counter was used to periodically measure theρ_(eff)of atmospheric particles in Shenzhen from Oct.2.2. to *** showed that theρ_(eff)of particles with various size presented a bimodal distribution,which could be divided into main density(ρ_(m),main peak,corresponding to relatively dense particles after aging)and sub density(ρ_(s),sub peak,corresponding to fresh particles).The occurrence frequencies ofρ_(s)of particles with diameters of 50 and 80 nm were less than 2.%,but were as high as about 40%of that with diameters from 12. to 350 ***ρ_(m)showed increasing trend with the size of particles,whileρ_(s)decreased as the increasing of the size of ***ρ_(eff)on pollution day varied significantly with chemical *** increasing of the proportion of sulfate could promote the increasing ofρ_(eff),while black carbon and organic matter caused opposite effects,which may be related to various factors,including the difference of the material density and morphology of various chemical ***ρ_(eff)of 50,80 and 12. nm particles decreased considerably during the new particle formation event,indicating that organic condensation was an important contributor to new particle growth.

关键词： DMA-CPMA-CPC Effective density Main/sub density Size distribution

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Uncovering the coupling effect with energy-related carbon emissions and human development variety in Chinese provinces

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 527-542页

作者： Liu Chen Yiqi Tan Gengpei Lv Weiguang Cai Xiaofeng Gao Rui Li school of Management Science and Real Estate Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China State Key Joint Laboratory of environment Simulation and Pollution Control(SKLESPC) School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-environment Ministry of EducationCollege of Environment and EcologyChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

Lessening energy-related carbon emissions has become a crucial measure to achieve Chinese carbon *** study is the first to construct a Difference in Carbon pressures-adjusted Human Development Index(DCHDI)model for the purpose of exploring the coupling effect between carbon emissions and human development variety from 2.00 to 2.19 in Chinese *** demonstrate the following.(1)The total energy-related carbon footprint of 30 provinces in China reached 10.2.billion tons in 2.19,with an average annual growth rate of 6.93% over the past two decades;and the provinces with the highest carbon emissions per capita are InnerMongolia,Ningxia,and Shanxi.(2.At the provincial level,we observed that the Human Development Index(HDI),which includes life expectancy,education,and income,has been rising,while Beijing,Shanghai,and Tianjin entered the super-high HDI level before 2.08.(3)The entire coupling effect of 30 Chinese provinces has been broadly fortified in the last 2. years,but the growth rate of DCHDI values in 2.11-2.19 has slowed down compared with that in 2.00-2.10;the clustering phenomenon demonstrated that this discovery is associated with historical peaks in total carbon emissions.(4)The co-ordination degree of carbon emissions per capita and HDI was verified,and 96% of the data points were found in the range of super high coupling coordination ***,this study provides the government with worthwhile guidance for decision-making and carbon reduction strategies for other countries struggling to advance human sustainable development.

关键词： Energy-related carbon emissions Human sustainable development DCHDI model Coupling effect Chinese provinces

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Wheat morphological and biochemical responses to copper oxide nanoparticles in two soils

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 814-825页

作者： Qian YANG Haipeng LI Yuqing ZHANG Yinghao LIU Helian LI school of Water Conservancy and environment University of JinanJinan 250022China

The widespread application of copper oxide nanoparticles(CuO NPs)in agricultural production has caused growing concerns about their impact on *** this study,wheat root elongation was used to evaluate the toxic effect concentrations of CuO NPs in two soils with differing properties,collected from farmlands in Guangdong(GD)and Shandong(SD)provinces,*** morphological and biochemical properties were also assessed to explore the toxicity mechanism of CuO NPs on wheat *** root elongation results revealed lower toxic effect concentration values in the plants grown in GD soil than in SD ***,the treatment with CuO NPs at 2.0 mg Cu kg^(-1) significantly reduced wheat root and shoot biomass by 35.8%and 15.8%,respectively,in GD *** microscopy showed that CuO NPs deformed wheat roots and entered leaf cells,causing deformation and damaging the cell *** CuO NP treatments also decreased chlorophyll content,increased antioxidant enzyme activity,and increased membrane lipid peroxidation in wheat *** addition of CuO NPs significantly reduced the Zn(by 17.3%)and Fe(by 2..9%)contents in the leaves of plants grown in GD and SD soils,***,the contents of Cu,Mg,and Mn were increased by 2..4%–52.5%in GD soil and by 17.9%–71.6%in SD *** results suggested that CuO NPs showed greater toxicity to wheat plants grown in acidic soil than in alkaline soil and that the adverse effects of CuO NP treatments on wheat seedlings were due to a combination of CuO NPs and released Cu^(2.).

关键词： antioxidant enzyme activity chlorophyll content CuO nanoparticles element accumulation membrane lipid peroxidation root elongation toxic effectconcentration

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Variations and future projections of glacial discharge of Urumqi River Headwaters,eastern Tien Shan(1980s-2.17)

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 537-546页

作者： Hui ZHANG Fei-Teng WANG Ping ZHOU Yi-Da XIE State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

To address data scarcity on long-term glacial discharge and inadequacies in simulating and predicting hydrological processes in the Tien Shan,this study analysed the observed discharge at multiple timescales over 1980se2.17 and projected changes within a representative glacierized high-mountain region:eastern Tien Shan,Central *** processes were simulated to predict changes under four future scenarios(SSP1,SSP2.SSP3,and SSP5)using a classical hydrological model coupled with a glacier dynamics *** rates at annual,monthly(June,July,August)and daily timescales were obtained from two hydrological gauges:Urumqi Glacier No.1 hydrological station(UGH)and Zongkong station(ZK).Overall,annual and summer discharge increased significantly(p2.18 and 2.2. under the four SSPs *** discharge is predicted to cease earlier at ZK than at *** relates to glacier type and size,suggesting basins with heavily developed small glaciers will reach peak discharge sooner,resulting in an earlier freshwater supply *** findings serve as a reference for research into glacial runoff in Central Asia and provide a decision-making basis for planning local water-resource projects.

关键词： Observed glacial discharge Temporal variations Urumqi River Headwaters Eastern Tien Shan Simulation and projection

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