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Surface ozone in global cities:A synthesis of basic features,exposure risk,and leading meteorological driving factors

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第1期5卷 64-76页

作者： Jinmian Ni Jiming Jin Yanwen Wang Bin Li Qian Wu Yanfei Chen Shenwen Du Yilin Li Chao He College of Resources and Environment Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China Hubei key laboratory of Petroleum {2. and Environment Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China School of Resource and Environmental Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China Economics and Management College China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Long-term exposure to high surface ozone(O_(3))concentrations,a complex oxidative atmospheric pollutant,can adversely impact human *** on O_(3)monitoring data from 2.1 cities worldwide in 2.2.,generalized additive model(GAM)and spatial data analysis(SDA)methods were applied in this study to quantitatively evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of O_(3)concentration,exposure risk,and dominant meteorological *** indicated that over 40%of the cities worldwide were exposed to harmful O_(3)concentration ranges(40-60μg/m^(3)),with most cities distributed in China and ***,significant seasonal variations in global O_(3)concentrations were observed,presenting as summer(45.6μg/m^(3))>spring(47.3μg/m^(3))>autumn(38.0μg/m^(3))>winter(33.6μg/m^(3)).Exposure analysis revealed that approximately 12.2.of the population in 2.1 cities were exposed to an environment with high O_(3)concentrations(80-160μg/m^(3)),with about 36.32.million people in major ***,the persistent increase in high O_(3)levels worldwide is a critical factor contributing to threats to human ***,GAM results indicated temperature,relative humidity,and wind speed as primary determinants of O_(3)*** synergy of meteorological factors is critical for understanding O_(3)*** findings are important for enforcing robust air quality policies and mitigating public risk.

关键词： Ozone pollution Spatiotemporal variation Exposure risk GAM Meteorological factors

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Elemental Compositions of Clinopyroxenes from Southern Okinawa Trough Basalt:Implications for Magmatism and Structural Environment in an Initial Back-Arc Basin

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第3期23卷 643-653页

作者： GUO Kun ZHAI Shikui FAN Di ZHANG Xia ZHANG Yu ZHU Zhimin Laoshan laboratory Qingdao 266237China key laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques Ministry of EducationCollege of Marine GeosciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China key laboratory of Submarine Geosciences&Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China

The major and trace elemental compositions of clinopyroxene from basalt were used to characterize the nature of the primitive magma and structural environment beneath the southern Okinawa Trough(SOT),which is an initial back-arc basin at a continental *** clinopyroxenes in the basalt were augite with variable Mg^(#)contents(73.37-78.2.).The regular variations in major oxide contents(i.e.,CaO,FeO,TiO_(2.,and Cr)with decreasing Mg#implied that the clinopyroxenes evolved from being enriched in Mg,Ca,and Cr to being enriched in Fe and *** clinopyroxenes had relatively low rare earth element concentrations(7.51×10^(-6) to 12.68×10^(-6))and negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.67-0.95).The Kd_(cpx) values of clinopyroxenes(0.2.0.2.),which were used to examine whether the clinopyroxene was equilibrated with its host basalt,demonstrate that these clinopyroxene phenocrysts were not captured crystals but were instead produced by crystallization differentiation of the *** calculated clinopyroxene crystallization temperatures showed a narrow range of 990-1061℃,and their crystallization pressures ranged from 2.0 to 3.2.*** geochemistry features of these clinopyroxenes indicated that the parent magma belonged to the subalkaline tholeiitic magma series and suggested that the magma experienced crystallization differentiation of olivine,plagioclase,and clinopyroxene,where the crystallization of plagioclase occurred earlier than that of *** with geophysical data,this research on primitive magma and its crystallization differentiation from clinopyroxene indicates that the SOT is in the stage of‘seafloor spreading’and that basaltic rocks produced from tholeiitic magma represent the generation of oceanic crust.

关键词： trace elements clinopyroxenes southern Okinawa Trough seafloor spreading back-arc basin

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gas source of the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao Formation in the Zhongjiang large gas field of Western Sichuan Depression:Constraints from geochemical characteristics of light hydrocarbons

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 141-151页

作者： Xiaoqi Wu Jun Yang Ping Wang Huaji Li Yingbin Chen Chunhua Ni Huasheng Zeng Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology Petroleum Exploration and Production Research InstituteSINOPECWuxi214126China key laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation SINOPECWuxi214126China No.3 gas Production Plant Southwest Petroleum BranchSINOPECDeyang618000China

The Zhongjiang gas field is a typical large gas field in terrigenous strata of the Western Sichuan *** remains debatable which member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation served as the source rocks and how significant the member contributed to the gas accumulations in the Zhongjiang gas *** this study,we analyzed the essential characteristics of the Lower Jurassic source rocks and the geochemical features of light hydrocarbons in natural gas from the 2.d(T_(3)χ^(2.)and 4th members(T_(3)χ^(4))of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation(T_(3)χ),as well as the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao(J_(2.s)and Qianfoya(J_(2.q)*** on this,we explored the sources of the natural gas in the Zhongjiang gas field and determined the natural gas migration patterns and their effects on the properties of light hydrocarbons in the natural *** results indicate that the Lower Jurassic lacustrine source rocks of the Zhongjiang gas field contain humic organic matter,with vitrinite reflectance(R_(0))values ranging from 0.86%to 0.98%.Samples meeting the criterion for effective source rocks[total organic carbon(TOC)content≥0.75%]exhibited an average TOC content of merely 1.02.,suggesting significantly lower hydrocarbon generation potential than source rocks in the underlying T3x,which show higher thermal maturity and TOC *** natural gas samples from T_(3)χ^(2.,T_(3)χ^(4),J_(2.s,and J_(2.q reservoirs,their C_(5-7)iso-alkane content was significantly higher than their n-alkane content,and their methylcyclohexane(MCH)index ranged from 59.0%to 77.3%,indicating the predominance of methylcyclohexane in C_(7)light *** indicated by the origin identification and gas-source correlation based on the geochemical features of light hydrocarbons,the natural gas in the Zhongjiang gas field is typical coal-derived *** gas from the primary pay zone of the Shaximiao Formation,with significantly high K_(1),(P_(2.+N_(2.)/C_(7),and P_(3)/C_(7)values,predominantly ori

关键词： Zhongjiang gas field Source rock Origin of natural gas Light hydrocarbon geochemistry Natural gas migration

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Early Triassic Legoupil Formation in Schmidt Peninsula,Antarctic Peninsula:Provenance and Depositional Settings

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 317-331页

作者： Chao Zhang Ying-Chun Cui Chen-Guang Liu Fang-Hua Cui Lu-Yuan Wang Wei-Qiang Zhang School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of TechnologyZibo255049China MNR key laboratory for Polar Science Polar Research Institute of ChinaShanghai201209China key laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology First Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic AdministrationQingdao266061China laboratory for Marine Geology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao266061China key laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia Ministry of Land and ResourcesChangchun130061China

Geochemical compositions can be used to determine the tectonic setting of sedimentary basins,while where the link of source to sink is no longer preserved,detrital zircon age patterns can aid in resolving the original basin *** metasedimentary Legoupil Formation,located at Cape Legoupil and the Schmidt Peninsula,could give a hint for the tectonic evolution of Antarctic *** this contribution,we constrain the sedimentary provenance of the Legoupil Formation through geochemistry and detrital zircon U-Pb *** petrography and geochemical features indicate that the provenance of the Legoupil Formation could be felsic *** zircon grains record a steady supply of Permian and Ordovician material into the Legoupil *** youngest concordant zircon ages of 2.2.Ma suggest that the depositional time of Legoupil Formation is no older than Late *** detrital zircon age spectrum of Legoupil Formation suggests that the Legoupil Formation sediments should be derived from regional sources endemic to western Gondwana prior to its *** with the previous studies,geochemistry and detrital zircons reflect an active continental margin tectonic setting and the detrital zircon spectra of Legoupil Formation are similar to the ones deposited in forearc tectonic setting.

关键词： Schmidt Peninsula Legoupil Formation Trinity Peninsula Group detrital zircons Antarctic Peninsula geochemistry

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Geochemical fingerprints and hydrocarbon potential of Paleocene mudrocks in the Tano Basin, Ghana: insights from biomarkers and stable carbon isotopes

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 255-279页

作者： Kojo Amoako Nancy Pearl Osei-Boakye Ningning Zhong N’Guessan Francois De Sales Konan Gordon Foli Prince Opoku Appau Clifford Fenyi Ebenezer Apesegah Research Group for Marine geochemistry(ICBM-MPI Bridging Group) Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment(ICBM)Carl von Ossietzky University OldenburgAmmerlander Heerstr.26129 OldenburgGermany State key laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting College of GeosciencesChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Department of Geological Engineering Faculty of Civil and Geo-EngineeringKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Ghana National gas Company 225 Osibisa CloseAirport WestAccraGhana Petroleum Corporation GNPCPMBPetroleum HouseTemaGhana

The Paleocene mudrocks in Ghana’s Tano Basin have received limited attention despite ongoing efforts to explore hydrocarbon resources.A thorough geochemical analysis is imperative to assess these mudrocks’petroleum generation potential and formulate effective exploration *** this study,a comprehensive geochemical analysis was carried out on ten Paleocene rock cuttings extracted from TP-1,a discovery well within the Tano *** analytical techniques,including total organic carbon(TOC)analysis,Rock–Eval pyrolysis,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,and isotope ratio-mass spectrometry,were employed to elucidate their hydrocar-bon potential and organic ***ﬁndings in this study were subsequently compared to existing geochemical data on Paleocene source rocks in the South Atlantic marginal *** results indicated that the Paleocene samples have TOC content ranging from 0.68 to 2.93 wt%.The prevalent kerogen types identiﬁed in these samples were Type Ⅱ and Type Ⅲ.Molecular and isotope data suggest that the organic matter found in the Paleocene mudrocks can be traced back to land plants and lower aquatic *** mudrocks were deposited in a transi-tional environment withﬂuctuating water salinity,charac-terized by sub-oxic redox *** indices,both bulk and molecular,indicated a spectrum of maturity levels within the Paleocene mudrocks,spanning from immature to marginally mature,with increasing maturity observed with greater *** comparison,the organic composition and depositional environments of Paleocene source rocks in the Tano Basin closely resemble those found in the Niger Delta Basin,Douala,and Kribi-Campo Basins,the Kwanza Formation in Angola,and certain Brazilian marginal ***,it is worth noting that Paleocene source rocks in some of the basins,such as the Niger Delta and Brazilian marginal basins,exhibit rela-tively higher thermal maturity levels compared to those observed in the current Paleocene samp

关键词： Paleocene source rocks Source input Depositional environment Thermal maturity Hydrocarbon potential Tano Basin West Africa

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快速干湿气候振荡与中国古代大规模社会动荡

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Science Bulletin 2024年第3期69卷 314-318页

作者：孟先强张灿李根程鉴如蔡洁刘一兰霍利倪振宇张恩楼 State key laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 21008China Department of Earth Science University of CaliforniaSanta Barbara CA 93106USA Ministry of Education key laboratory of Surficial {2. School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Climate conditions have long been acknowledged as a pivotal factor shaping regional productivity and influencing available resources,consequently playing an important role in driving social changes throughout human history[1–3].In ancient East Asia,the Chinese agrarian civilization emerged around 4000 years ago in northern China,the region termed the“Central Plains”.This region faced recurrent episodes of large-scale social unrest,profoundly impacting the societal structure and dynastic cycles[4].These episodes were marked by extended civil peasant uprisings and/or incursions from northern nomadic tribes,often spanning decades to centuries[5].Both the agrarian societies in the Central Plains and the husbandry-based nomadic tribes in the vast northern grasslands,characterized by semi-arid and semi-humid climates,were notably sensitive to climate variations[6].

关键词： husbandry driving profound

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Paleogene integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 1290-1325页

作者： Jia LIU Ai SONG Lin DING Tao SU Zhekun ZHOU CAS key laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China State key laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Institute of Paleontology Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China State key laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The Paleogene is a crucial period when terrestrial and marine ecosystems recovered from major disruptions and gradually approached their modern *** the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions,the Paleogene also represents a significant phase of tectonic evolution in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau-Himalaya orogeny,reorganization of Asian climates,and evolution of *** to limitations in research conditions and understanding,there are still many controversies regarding stratigraphic divisions in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding *** recent years,extensive studies on sedimentary petrology,magnetostratigraphy,and isotope dating have been conducted in the *** fossils have been discovered and reported,contributing to a more systematic understanding of *** studies have laid a solid foundation for the comprehensive investigation of the stratigraphy,biotas and paleogeographic evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions during the *** this paper,we integrate recent research on fossils,isotopic dating,magnetostratigraphy,and geochemistry to refine the stratigraphic divisions and correlation framework of different tectonic units in the region,building upon previous *** the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research,the knowledge of Paleogene floras has gradually *** paper discusses the biostratigraphic significance of extinct and newly appeared taxa based on the latest dating results of these plant *** new understanding of fossil species such as the“Eucalyptus”and Arecaceae establishes connections between the Paleogene flora of the Qinghai-Tibetan region and the biotas of Gondwana,specifically Oceania and South *** evolutionary history of key taxa near the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone indicates that the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates occurred approximately 65-54 *** reconstructions,based o

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Fossils Biostratigraphy Paleoenvironment Paleogeography Paleogene

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Insight of enriched basalts into the nature and evolution of mantle lithosphere beneath craton margins

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 3128-3142页

作者： Hong-Kun DAI Jianping ZHENG Qing XIONG Linlin HU Xiang ZHOU State key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Refractory lithospheric deep roots are the cornerstone for the prolonged stability of cratons and mantle xenoliths are normally the key targets for study on the evolution of such deep roots. In regions with few mantle xenoliths, the basalts enriched in radiogenic isotopic compositions due to marked lithospheric mantle contribution are crucial to unmask the lithospheric mantle evolution based on a comprehensive study involving petrology, geochemistry and thermodynamic modelling. Here, the Early Cretaceous basalts from the northwest North China Craton with few mantle xenoliths are taken as an example to show the significance of enriched basalts on the study of lithospheric mantle. These basalts are characterized by high silica and alkali contents(SiO_(2.=45.8–59.8 wt.%, K_(2.O+Na_(2.O=4.81–9.88 wt.%), arc-type trace-element patterns and enriched radiogenic isotope compositions(e.g., ε_(Nd)=-2.64–-12.88,^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr=0.7063–0.7093). The TiO_(2. and FeO(total) contents are higher than those of natural and experimental melts from refractory mantle peridotite but comparable to those of partial melts of fertile mantle *** high contents of fluid-loving elements(e.g., Rb and Ba) suggest source metasomatism by aqueous fluids. Combined with thermodynamic modelling and regional tectonic history, these enriched basalts likely record simultaneous decompression melting of asthenosphere and low-extent melting of thin and fertile lithospheric mantle fluxed by aqueous fluids from the subducted Paleo-Asian oceanic slab. The newly unmasked lithospheric mantle under the western NCC contrasts with the coeval thick and refractory one supporting the eastern NCC, and highlights that the craton destruction, especially the loss of its ancient refractory mantle root, should take place in a diachronous manner related to the craton-girded subduction episodes. Our study illustrates the potential of enriched basalts to recover the nature and evolution of mantle lithosphere beneath craton m

关键词： Enriched basalts Lithospheric mantle Northwest North China Craton Tectonic histories Early Cretaceous

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Effects of zero-valent iron added in the flooding or drainage process on cadmium immobilization in an acid paddy soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 19-31页

作者： Hanbing Meng Shiwen Hu Zebin Hong Wenting Chi Guojun Chen Kuan Cheng QiWang Tongxu Liu Fangbai Li Kexue Liu Yang Yang Guangzhou Institute of geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and ManagementInstitute of Eco-environmental and Soil SciencesGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China School of Resources and Planning Guangzhou Xinhua UniversityGuangzhou 510310China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Zero-valent iron(ZVI)is a promising material for the remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy ***,the effects of ZVI added during flooding or drainage processes on cadmium(Cd)retention remain ***,Cd-contaminated paddy soil was incubated for 40days of flooding and then for 15 days of drainage,and the underlying mechanisms of Cd immobilization coupled with Fe/S/N redox processes were *** addition of ZVI to the flooding process was more conducive to Cd *** potential available Cd was detected by adding ZVI before flooding,which may be due to the increase in paddy soil pH and newly formed secondary Fe ***,the reductive dissolution of Fe minerals promoted the release of soil colloids,thereby increasing significantly the surface sites and causing Cd ***,the addition of ZVI before flooding played a vital role in Cd retention after soil *** contrast,the addition of ZVI in the drainage phase was not conducive to Cd retention,which might be due to the rapid decrease in soil pH that inhibited Cd adsorption and further immobilization on soil *** findings of this study demonstrated that Cd availability in paddy soil was largely reduced by adding ZVI during the flooding period and provide a novel insight into the mechanisms of ZVI remediation in Cd-contaminated paddy soils.

关键词： Paddy soil Zero-valent iron Cadmium Flooding and drainage Remediation

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陆生蜗牛壳体日分辨率氧同位记录定量重建"千年一遇"超级暴雨

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Science Bulletin 2024年第14期69卷 2281-2288页

作者：王国桢董吉宝韩韬刘成程罗凡杨昊天何妙宏唐国强赵楠钰张倩薛刚 John Dodson 李秋立晏宏 State key laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Laoshan laboratory Qingdao 266061China Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Xi’an 710061China Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi’an 710061China State key laboratory of Isotope {2. Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China School of Biological Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia State key laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Yunnan key laboratory of Earth System Science Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

A"once-in-a-millennium"super rainstorm battered Zhengzhou,central China,from 07/17/2.2. to 07/2./2.2.(named"7.2."Zhengzhou rainstorm).It killed 398 people and caused billions of dollars in damage.A pressing question is whether rainstorms of this intensity can be effectively documented by geological archives to understand better their historical variabilities beyond the range of meteorological ***,four land snail shells were collected from Zhengzhou,and weekly to daily resolved snail shellδ^(18)O records from June to September of 2.2. were obtained by gas-source mass spectrometry and secondary ion mass *** daily resolved records show a dramatic negative shift between 06/18/2.2. and 09/18/2.2.,which has been attributed to the"7.2."Zhengzhou ***,the measured amplitude of this shift is consistent with the theoretical value estimated from the flux balance model and instrumental data for the"7.2."Zhengzhou *** results suggest that the ultra-high resolutionδ^(18)O of land snail shells have the potential to reconstruct local synoptic scale rainstorms quantitatively,and thus fossil snail shells in sedimentary strata can be valuable material for investigating the historical variability of local rainstorms under different climate backgrounds.

关键词： Rainstorm Land snail shell d18O Paleoweather Central China

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