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Polymer ionogels and their application in flexible ionic devices

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SmartMat 2024年第2期5卷 4-42页

作者： Jinqiao Wen Lei Zhou Tengling Ye Department of applied chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina

Polymer ionogel(PIG)is a new type of flexible,stretchable,and ion-conductive material,which generally consists of two components(polymer matrix materials and ionic liquids/deep eutectic solvents).More and more attention has been received owing to its excellent properties,such as nonvolatility,good ionic conductivity,excellent thermal stability,high electrochemical stability,and *** this review,the latest research and developments of PIGs are comprehensively reviewed according to different polymer ***,the development of novel structural designs,preparation methods,basic properties,and their advantages are respectively ***,the typical applications of PIGs in flexible ionic skin,flexible electrochromic devices,flexible actuators,and flexible power supplies are *** novel working mechanism,device structure design strategies,and the unique functions of the PIG-based flexible ionic devices are briefly ***,the perspectives on the current challenges and future directions of PIGs and their application are discussed.

关键词： electrochromism device flexible ionic devices flexible ionic skin ionic liquid ionogel

Development of an active-site titrant for SARS-CoV-2.main protease as an indispensable tool for evaluating enzyme kinetics

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第5期14卷 2349-2357页

作者： Rabea Voget Julian Breidenbach Tobias Claff Alexandra Hingst Katharina Sylvester Christian Steinebach Lan Phuong Vu Renato H.Weiße Ulrike Bartz Norbert Sträter Christa E.Müller Michael Gütschow Pharmaceutical institute Pharmaceutical&Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnBonn 53121Germany institute of Bioanalytical chemistry Center for Biotechnology and BiomedicineLeipzig UniversityLeipzig 04103Germany Department of Natural Sciences University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-SiegRheinbach 53359Germany

A titrant for the SARS-CoV-2.main protease(M^(pro))was developed that enables,for the first time,the exact determination of the concentration of the enzymatically active M^(pro) by active-site *** covalent binding mode of the tetrapeptidic titrant was elucidated by the determination of the crystal structure of the enzyme–titrant *** fluorogenic substrates of M^(pro),including a prototypical,internally quenched Dabcyl-EDANS peptide,were compared in terms of solubility under typical assay *** exploiting the new titrant,key kinetic parameters for the M^(pro)-catalyzed cleavage of these substrates were determined.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Main protease Peptide nitriles Fluorogenic substrates Active-site titration X-ray crystallography Inner filter effect

Digital twin of a droplet microarray platform:Evaporation behavior for multiple droplets on patterned chips for cell culture

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Droplet 2024年第1期3卷 113-124页

作者： Yanchen Wu Joaquin E.Urrutia Gomez Hongmin Zhang Fei Wang Pavel A.Levkin Anna A.Popova Britta Nestler institute for applied Materials–Microstructure Modeling and Simulation Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany institute of Biological and Chemical Systems(IBCS‐FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany institute of Organic chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany institute of Digital Materials Science Karlsruhe University of Applied SciencesKarlsruheGermany

Precise control of the evaporation of multiple droplets on patterned surfaces is crucial in many technological applications,such as anti‐icing,coating,and high‐throughput ***,the complex evaporation process of multiple droplets on well‐defined patterned surfaces is still poorly ***,we develop a digital twin system for real‐time monitoring of key processes on a droplet microarray(DMA),which is essential for parallelization and automation of the operations for cell ***,we investigate the evaporation of multiple nanoliter droplets under different conditions via experiments and numerical *** demonstrate that the evaporation rate is not only affected by the environmental humidity and temperature but is also strongly linked to the droplet distribution on the patterned surfaces,being significantly reduced when the droplets are densely ***,we propose a theoretical method to aid in the experimental detection of volumes and pH variation of evaporating droplets on patterned *** versatile and practical strategy allows us to achieve active maneuvering of the collective evaporation of droplets on a DMA,which provides essential implications for a wide range of applications including cell culture,heat management,microreactors,biochips,and so on.

关键词： coating culture collective

Synergistic extraction and separation of thorium from rare earths in chloride media using mixture of Cextrant 2.0 and Cyanex 92.

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第4期42卷 759-767页

作者： Hui Wang Shengting Kuang Wuping Liao School of Rare Earths University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China institute of Material and chemistry Ganjiang Innovation AcademyChinese Academy of SciencesGanzhou341000China State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022China

In order to lower the usage of expensive Cyanex 92. and increase the extraction capacity of the system of Cextrant 2.0,the synergistic extraction of thorium from chloride media by a mixture of Cextrant 2.0 and Cyanex 92. was *** maximum synergistic enhancement coefficient(R)of 1.53 is obtained at 1:1 molar ratio of Cextrant 2.0/Cyanex *** syne rgistic extracted species of Th^(4+)is determined as ThCl_(4)·2.extrant 2.0·Cyanex *** synergistic extraction of Th^(4+)is an entropy-driven exothermic *** loading capacity of 0.60 mol/L mixed extractant for thorium is about 17.10 g/L(calculated as ThO_(2.),and the loaded thorium in the organic phase can be effectively stripped by distilled *** comparison,rare earth cations are barely extracted under the similar conditions,suggesting that the mixtures can be applied to separate thorium from rare earths.A cascade extraction process was developed based on the synergistic extraction system to separate thorium from the hydrochloric acid leaching of *** content of thorium in the leaching solution decreases obviously from 19.90 mg/L to1.4μg/L by 3 stages of extraction,which is superior to sole Cextrant 2.0 or Cyanex *** introduction of Cextrant 2.0 into the extraction system not only lowers the usage of Cyanex 92. but also enhances the selective extraction of thorium at low acidity,implying that the synergistic extraction system can selectively extract thorium more efficiently and economically than the sole systems.

关键词： Synergistic extraction Cextrant 2.0 Cyanex 92. Thorium Rare earths

Explaining the dynamics of the sub-relativistic electron third belt in the Earth's radiation belts by using medium Earth orbit satellite observations

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第5期8卷 762-775页

作者： JiaLi Chen Hong Zou YuGuang Ye institute of Space Physics and applied Technology Peking University

The Earth's electron radiation belts typically exhibit a two-belt structure. However, observations from the Van Allen Probes revealed the existence of a three-belt structure. This structure consists of an inner belt, a slot region, a remnant belt, a “second slot,” and a new outer belt(or the “third belt”). The formation of the structure involves both the partial loss of the original outer belts and the formation of the third belts. These processes are likely associated with radial diffusion induced by ultra-low-frequency(ULF) waves. In this study, we mainly analyzed electron flux data from medium Earth orbit(MEO) navigation satellites M17–M19 to supplement the observational evidence for the sub-relativistic electron(～100–500 keV) three-belt structure. Evidence of substorm injections and ULF waves during the three-belt event was identified, suggesting they played significant roles in the formation and evolution of the third *** injections may introduce new electron populations to the third belt, whereas ULF waves may influence the evolution of the third belt through radial diffusion. Toward the end of the three-belt event, the compression of the magnetosphere by shocks may lead to the dropout of the third belt because of the magnetopause shadowing effect and outward radial diffusion, ultimately disrupting the three-belt structure. This study provides more evidence for the presence of a sub-relativistic electron three-belt structure and offers an analysis of the evolutionary mechanisms of the third belt, which may contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the electron three-belt structure in the radiation belts.

关键词： third belt sub-relativistic electrons three-belt structure radiation belts magnetic storms and substorms wave–particle interactions

High density iridium synergistic sites boosting CO-tolerate performance for PEMFC anode

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eScience 2024年第4期4卷 89-95页

作者： Tongtong Yang Xiaolong Yang Nanxing Gao Meijian Tang Xian Wang Changpeng Liu Wei Xing Junjie Ge State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytic chemistry Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemistry PowerChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China School of applied chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

The usage of cheap crude H2.in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)is still unrealistic to date,due to the suffering of the current Pt based nano-catalysts from impurities such as CO in ***,synergistic active sites between single atom(SA)and nanoparticle(NP)have been found to be promising for overcoming the poisoning ***,lengthening the nanoparticle-single atom(SA–NP)interface,i.e.,constructing high density synergistic active sites,remains highly ***,we present a new strategy based on molecular fusion strategy to create abundant SA–NP interfaces,with high density SA–NP interfaces created on a two dimensional nitrogen doped carbon nanosheets(Ir-SACs&NPs/NC).Owing to the abundance of SA–NP interface sites,the catalyst was empowered with a high tolerance towards up to 1000ppm CO in H2.*** findings provide guidelines for the design and construction of active and anti-poisoning catalysts for PEMFC anode.

关键词： CO-tolerant electrocatalysts Hydrogen oxidation reaction Carbon monoxide oxidation reaction Synergistic effects

Atroposelective Synthesis of 2.Arylindoles via Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Direct Amination of Indoles

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Chinese Journal of chemistry 2024年第7期42卷 731-735页

作者： Wen Bao Ye-Hui Chen Yu-Wei Liu Shao-Hua Xiang Bin Tan School of Pharmacy&StateKey Laboratory of applied Organic chemistry Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730000China Shenzhen Grubbs institute Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong 518055China

Indole-based atropisomers are a very important class of axially chiral ***,the atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral 2.arylindole remains largely *** this study,we report the successful synthesis of atropisomeric 2.arylindoles using direct amination of indoles with p-quinonediimines in the presence of chiral phosphoric acid as a *** acts as an aminating reagent through formal polarity inversion of *** malonate group on the 2.aryl of 2.indoles was found to be essen-tial for high enantioselectivity of the *** could be due to the additional interaction between the ester group and the cata-lyst,as well as the intramolecular hydrogen *** findings provide a new strategy for the asymmetric construction of 2.arylindole atropisomers.

关键词： Chiral phosphoric acid Quinonediimines Direct amination Nucleophilic addition Asymmetric catalysis Enantioselectivity Axially chiral 2.arylindole Atroposelective synthesis

Supporting IrO_(x) nanosheets on hollow TiO_(2. for highly efficient acidic water splitting

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Nano Research 2024年第8期17卷 6903-6909页

作者： Ge Yu Ruilong Li Yanmin Hu Xingen Lin Ze Lin Dongyang Wu Gongming Wang Xun Hong Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis(CAN) Department of Applied ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

The efficiency of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEM-WE)for hydrogen production is heavily dependent on the noble metal iridium-based ***,the scarcity of iridium limits the large-scale application of *** address this issue,it is promising to select an appropriate support because it not only enhances the utilization efficiency of noble metals but also improves mass transport under high ***,we supported amorphous IrO_(x) nanosheets onto the hollow TiO_(2. sphere(denoted as IrO_(x)),which demonstrated excellent performance in acidic electrolytic water ***,the annealed IrO_(x)catalyst at 150℃in air exhibited a mass activity of 1347.5 A·gIr^(−1),which is much higher than that of commercial IrO_(2. of 12.33 A·gIr^(−1) at the overpotential of 300 mV for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Meanwhile,the annealed IrO_(x) exhibited good stability for 600 h operating at 10 mA·cm^(−2..Moreover,when using IrO_(x) and annealed IrO_(x) catalysts for water splitting,a cell voltage as low as 1.485 V can be achieved at 10 mA·cm^(−2..The cell can continuously operate for 2.0 h with negligible degradation of performance.

关键词： oxygen evolution reaction hydrogen evolution reaction amorphous IrO_(x) hollow TiO_(2. proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

Surface reconstruction and structural transformation of twodimensional Ni-Fe MOFs for oxygen evolution in seawater media

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2429-2437页

作者： Liyuan Xiao Xue Bai Jingyi Han Tianmi Tang Siyu Chen Hui Qi Changmin Hou Fuquan Bai Zhenlu Wang Jingqi Guan institute of Physical chemistry College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130021China The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021China State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative chemistry College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational chemistry Institute of Theoretical ChemistryCollege of ChemistryChangchun 130023China

As a four-electron transfer reaction,oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is limited by large overpotential and slow ***,we in-situ synthesized two-dimensional(2.)Ni-Fe metal-organic framework nanosheets on nickel foam(NixFe-TPA/NF,TPA=terephthalic acid)for oxygen evolution in alkaline and alkaline seawater *** 1 M KOH,Ni3Fe-TPA/NF shows a low overpotential(η10)of 189 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2. and an ultra-low overpotential of only 2.0 mV at 500 mA·cm^(-2..In alkaline seawater,Ni3Fe-TPA/NF still provides impressive OER performance,with anη10 of 2.5 ***-situ Raman characterization results show that the phase transition occurs during the OER,and Ni3FeOOH with more oxygen vacancies is in-situ formed,reducing the OER energy *** functional theory(DFT)reveals that the synergy between Ni and Fe reduces the energy barrier and accelerates the rate-determining *** addition,the ultra-thin 2. sheet structure and the close combination of Ni3FeOOH and highly conductive NF support ensure the high catalytic OER ***,the surface reconstruction and structural modification strategy can be used to design and prepare high-performance OER electrocatalysts for energy-related applications.

关键词： density functional theory(DFT)calculation Ni3FeOOH oxygen evolution reaction seawater electrolysis surface reconstruction