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Dieback of managed spruce stands in western Germany promotes beetle diversity

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 55-71页

作者： Eva Plath Chantal Trauth Jan Gerhards Laura Griebel Klaus Fischer department biology Institute of Integrated Natural SciencesKoblenz-Landau University56070 KoblenzGermany

Biodiversity loss is a significant problem at a global scale and may be amplified by climate *** recent years,coniferous forests have had substantial die-back across Europe due to drought and subsequent bark-beetle *** many studies on the consequences of disturbance and subsequent management have focused on natural stands,management implications for managed spruce stands are not well understood,even though such stands are widespread throughout *** this study,beetle taxonomy,conservation value,and community com-position are compared among spruce plantations and four post-disturbance management approaches:standing dead-wood,lying deadwood,clear cuts,and long-term *** and community composition differed significantly among management categories,while different beetle fami-lies responded *** spruce stands harbored the lowest beetle diversity while the highest taxonomic diver-sity and conservation value was on clear cuts and stands with lying or standing *** proportion of forest specialists was highest in successional *** summary,different forest management categories harbored distinct beetle communities at the family-,species-,and ecological guild ***,post-disturbance management should consider the landscape scale and include different management *** enhances landscape heterogeneity and thus overall biodiversity but could also mitigate negative impacts of natural disturbances on ecosystem services.

关键词： Bark-beetle outbreak Forest dieback Spruce Deadwood Nature conservation Beetle biodiversity-Coleoptera Coniferous forests

Record-high efficiency perovskite LEDs achieved by accelerating radiative recombination

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Science China Materials 2024年第9期67卷 3039-3040页

作者： Feng Gao department of Physics Chemistry and BiologyLinköping UniversityLinköping58183Sweden

Light-emitting diodes(LEDs)have revolutionized the lighting and displays due to their superior energy *** increasing demand for more efficient and brighter thin-film LEDs in flat-panel displays and solid-state lighting applications has driven extensive research into perovskite materials,which show great promise for high brightness and efficiency.

关键词： lighting radiative high

Pull the fuzes:Processing protein precursors to generate apoplastic danger signals for triggering plant immunity

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Plant Communications 2024年第8期5卷 113-136页

作者： Daniele Del Corpo Daniele Coculo Marco Greco Giulia De Lorenzo Vincenzo Lionetti department of biology and Biotechnology“Charles Darwin ”Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly

The apoplast is one of the first cellular compartments outside the plasma membrane encountered by phytopathogenic microbes in the early stages of plant tissue *** have developed sophisticated surveillance mechanisms to sense danger events at the cell surface and promptly activate ***,a fine tuning of the activation of immune pathways is necessary to mount a robust and effective defense *** endogenous proteins and enzymes are synthesized as inactive precursors,and their post-translational processing has emerged as a critical mechanism for triggering alarms in the *** this review,we focus on the precursors of phytocytokines,cell wall remodeling enzymes,and *** physiological events that convert inactive precursors into immunomodulatory active peptides or enzymes are *** review also explores the functional synergies among phytocytokines,cell wall damage-associated molecular patterns,and remodeling,highlighting their roles in boosting extracellular immunity and reinforcing defenses against pests.

关键词： apoplast immunity activation post-translational processing cell wall proteases pro-peptides proenzymes phytocytokines cell-wall remodeling enzymes phytopathogenic microbes plant immunity

The link between intracellular calcium signaling and exosomal PD-L1 in cancer progression and immunotherapy

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 321-334页

作者： Md Rakibul Alam Md Mizanur Rahman Zhiguo Li department of Toxicology and Cancer biology College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40506USA department of Medicine(Nephrology) Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6E2H7Canada

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles containing microRNA,RNA,DNA fragments,and proteins that are transferred from donor cells to recipient *** cells release exo-somes to reprogram the factors associated with the tumor microenvironment(TME)causing tu-mor metastasis and immune *** evidence revealed that cancer cell-derived exosomes carry immune inhibitory molecule program death ligand 1(PD-L1)that binds with re-ceptor program death protein 1(PD-1)and promote tumor progression by escaping immune ***,some FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies are clinicallyused for cancer treatment by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 *** notable treatment outcomes,some pa-tients show poor drug *** PD-L1 plays a vital role in lowering the treatment response,showing resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockage therapy through recapitulating the ef-fect of cell surface *** enhance therapeutic response,inhibition of exosomal PD-L1 is *** signaling is the central regulator of tumorigenesis and can regulate exosome biogenesis and secretion by modulating Rab GTPase family and membrane fusion ***-mune checkpoints are also connected with calcium signaling and calcium channel blockers like amlodipine,nifedipine,lercanidipine,diltiazem,and verapamil were also reported to suppress cellular PD-L1 ***,to enhance the PD-1/PD-L1 blockage therapy response,the reduction of exosomal PD-L1 secretion from cancer cells is in our therapeutic *** this review,we proposed a therapeutic strategy by targeting calcium signaling to inhibit the expression of PD-L1-containing exosome levels that could reduce the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy resistance and increase the patient's drug response rate.

关键词： Calcium signaling CD8^(+)T cells Exosomal PD-L1 Exosomes biogenesis Immunosuppression Immunotherapy

OsPDR2. is an ABCG metal transporter regulating cadmium accumulation in rice

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 21-34页

作者： He Li Chao Li Di Sun Zhi Min Yang department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology College of Life SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Cadmium(Cd)is a non-essential toxic heavy metal,seriously posing high environmental risks to human *** genetic resources relevant to functional genes is important for understanding the metal absorption and accumulation in crops and bioremediation of Cd-polluted *** study investigated a functionally uncharacterized ATP binding cassette transporter G family(ABCG)gene encoding a Pleiotropic Drug Resistance 2.(PDR2.)type metal transporter which is localized to the plasma membrane of ***2. was transcriptionally expressed in almost all tissues and organs in lifespan and was strongly induced in roots and shoots of young rice under Cd *** expression of OsPDR2. in a yeast mutant ycf1 sensitive to Cd conferred cellular tolerance with less Cd *** of OsPDR2. by RNA interference(RNAi)moderately attenuated root/shoot elongation and biomass,with reduced chlorophylls in rice grown under hydroponic medium with 2.and 10μmol/L Cd,but led to more Cd accumulation.A field trial of rice grown in a realistic Cd-contaminated soil(0.40 mg/kg)showed that RNAi plants growth and development were also compromised compared to wild-type(WT),with smaller panicles and lower spikelet fertility but little effect on yield of ***,OsPDR2. suppression resulted in unexpectedly higher levels of Cd accumulation in rice straw including lower leaves and culm and *** results suggest that OsPDR2. is actively involved in Cd accumulation and homeostasis in rice *** increased Cd accumulation in the RNAi plants has the potential application in phytoremediation of Cd-polluted wetland soils.

关键词： Rice ABCG transporter Cadmium accumulation Phytoremediation

The effect of Common Cuckoo parasitism on the annual productivity of a host population

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 287-291页

作者： Alfred Trnka department of biology University of TrnavaPriemyselna 491843TrnavaSlovakia

Avian interspecific brood parasitism is an excellent system for studying coevolutionary processes in nature because brood parasites directly affect host reproductive *** research on avian brood parasitism has,therefore,focused primarily on specific host anti-parasite behaviours and parasite ***,the population-level consequences of brood parasitism for host species are poorly *** study investigated the effect of Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus)parasitism on the productivity of a local population of the Great Reed Warbler(Acrocephalus arundinaceus)host in south-western Slovakia.A total of 495 females nesting at the studied site successfully fledged 132. of their own young and 63 young of the Common Cuckoo over the course of 15 years(2.08-2.2.),and the annual rate of successful parasitism ranged from 18% to 44% over this *** predicted,higher rates of successful cuckoo parasitism significantly reduced the annual productivity of the local Great Reed Warbler population,and its contribution to decreased host reproductive success was at about the same rate as overall nest failure caused by predation and other environmental *** a heavily parasitized population was probably maintained by immigrants from other populations and density-dependent selection,which is also consistent with source-sink ***,further long-term studies monitoring parasitized populations are required to confirm these findings.

关键词： Acrocephalus arundinaceus Cuculus canorus Great Reed Warbler Population growth Reproductive success

Unveiling ferroptosis as a promising therapeutic avenue for colorectal cancer and colitis treatment

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第9期14卷 3785-3801页

作者： Aaron T.Kaoy Christian V.Cabanlongy Kendra Padilla Xiang Xue department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA

Ferroptosis is a novel type of regulated cell death(RCD)involving iron accumulation and lipid *** its discovery in 2.12.various studies have shown that ferroptosis is associated with the pathogenesis of various *** cell death has also been linked to intestinal dysfunction but can act as either a positive or negative regulator of intestinal disease,depending on the cell type and disease *** continued investigation of mechanisms underlying ferroptosis provides a wealth of potential for developing novel *** the growing prevalence of intestinal diseases,particularly colorectal cancer(CRC)and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),this review article focuses on potential therapeutics targeting the ferroptotic pathway in relation to CRC and IBD.

关键词： Ferroptosis Colorectal cancer Inflammatory bowel disease Cell death Molecular mechanisms Iron metabolism Drug therapies Targeted therapeutics

WNT/β-catenin signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma:The aberrant activation,pathogenic roles,and therapeutic opportunities

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 727-746页

作者： Anna Gajos-Michniewicz Malgorzata Czyz department of Molecular biology of Cancer Medical University of LodzLodz 92-215Poland

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a liver cancer,highly heterogeneous both at the histopathological and molecular *** arises from hepatocytes as the result of the accumulation of numerous genomic alterations in various signaling pathways,including canonical WNT/β-catenin,AKT/mTOR,MAPK pathways as well as signaling associated with telomere maintenance,p53/cell cycle regulation,epigenetic modifiers,and oxidative *** role of WNT/β-catenin signaling in liver homeostasis and regeneration is well established,whereas in development and progression of HCC is extensively ***,we review recent advances in our understanding of how WNT/β-catenin signaling facilitates the HCC development,acquisition of stemness features,metastasis,and resistance to *** outline genetic and epigenetic alterations that lead to activated WNT/β-catenin signaling in *** discuss the pivotal roles of CTNNB1 mutations,aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs and complexity of crosstalk between WNT/β-catenin signaling and other signaling pathways as challenging or advantageous aspects of therapy development and molecular stratification of HCC patients for treatment.

关键词： Cancer stem cells CTNNB1 mutations Liver cancer Non-coding RNA Tumor heterogeneity

Phylogenetic placement of bizarre karschiellid earwigs

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 989-992页

作者： Petr Kocárek Ivona Horká Vojtěch Bonczek Markéta Kirstová department of biology and Ecology University of OstravaOstravaCzech Republic

Dear Editor,Karschiellidae are a mysterious group of earwigs that attract attention not only because of their interesting appearance and unexplained way of life but also mainly due to their unclear *** phylogenetic relationships of karschiellids remain speculative even 12. years since the family was described,above all due to the unavailability of DNA-grade material for molecular phylogenetic *** study includes successfully sequenced representatives of the Karschiellidae for the first time,and a probable evolutionary scheme and natural classification of karschiellids are proposed based on the constructed multigene phylogeny.

关键词： classification. phylogeny evolutionary