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Hybrid model for BOF oxygen blowing time prediction based on oxygen balance mechanism and deep neural network

International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 106-117页

作者： Xin Shao Qing Liu Zicheng Xin Jiangshan Zhang Tao Zhou Shaoshuai Li State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Engineering research Center of MES Technology for iron&{2. Production Ministry of EducationBeijing 100083China Laiwu iron and steel Group Yinshan Section steel Co. Ltd.Jinan 271104China

The amount of oxygen blown into the converter is one of the key parameters for the control of the converter blowing process,which directly affects the tap-to-tap time of converter. In this study, a hybrid model based on oxygen balance mechanism (OBM) and deep neural network (DNN) was established for predicting oxygen blowing time in converter. A three-step method was utilized in the hybrid model. First, the oxygen consumption volume was predicted by the OBM model and DNN model, respectively. Second, a more accurate oxygen consumption volume was obtained by integrating the OBM model and DNN model. Finally, the converter oxygen blowing time was calculated according to the oxygen consumption volume and the oxygen supply intensity of each heat. The proposed hybrid model was verified using the actual data collected from an integrated steel plant in China, and compared with multiple linear regression model, OBM model, and neural network model including extreme learning machine, back propagation neural network, and DNN. The test results indicate that the hybrid model with a network structure of 3 hidden layer layers, 32.16-8 neurons per hidden layer, and 0.1 learning rate has the best prediction accuracy and stronger generalization ability compared with other models. The predicted hit ratio of oxygen consumption volume within the error±300 m^(3)is 96.67%;determination coefficient (R^(2.) and root mean square error (RMSE) are0.6984 and 150.03 m^(3), respectively. The oxygen blow time prediction hit ratio within the error±0.6 min is 89.50%;R2.nd RMSE are0.9486 and 0.3592.min, respectively. As a result, the proposed model can effectively predict the oxygen consumption volume and oxygen blowing time in the converter.

关键词： basic oxygen furnace oxygen consumption oxygen blowing time oxygen balance mechanism deep neural network hybrid model

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High cerium content(Nd-Pr-Ce)_(2.Fe_(14)B melt-spun ribbons with high coercivity

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第4期42卷 690-695页

作者： Yujiang Zhong Junming Wang Zikai Yuan Ruijin Liu Minggang Zhu Zhe Liu Xin Chen Wei Li Zhaohui Guo Division of Functional Materials Central Iron and Steel Research InstituteBeijing100081China Ningbo Jinji Strong Magnetic Material Co. Ltd.Ningbo315172China Jiangxi Jiangwu Rare Metal New Material Co. Ltd.Nanchang330013China

The effects of wheel speeds on the magnetic properties and microstructures of[(Nd,Pr)_(1-x)Ce_(x)]-Fe-B meltspun ribbons were *** to melt-spun ribbons with low cerium(Ce)content(x=0.2.,amorphous formation can be suppressed at high wheel speed in the ribbons with a relatively high Ce content(x=0.8),and with the increase of the wheel speed,the magnetic properties of the ribbons with high Ce content raise *** high wheel speed,the coercivity mechanism of melt-spun ribbons is mainly pinning field,and the high wheel speed introduces a large number of defects into the matrix as pinning ***,ribbons with high Ce content form a fine and uniform grain structure,so the grain boundary area enlarges,which further hinders the movement of domain *** combined effects of the above factors enable ribbons with high Ce content to have excellent magnetic properties(Hcj=0.977 T,Mr=64 m^(2. A/kg)at the wheel speed of 35 m/s.

关键词： Wheel speed Cecontent Microstructure Magnetic properties Rare earths

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Effect of Al Addition on Microstructure,Magnetic Properties,and Mechanical Properties of(Fe_(7)3Ga_(2.))_(99.8)Tb_(0.2.Alloy

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稀有金属材料与工程 2024年第8期53卷 2144-2151页

作者： Du Jinchao Li Xiaofei Jiao Peiying Zhang Zhiguang Gong Pei School of Materials Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia University of TechnologyHohhot 010051China Functional Material research institute Central Iron and Steel Research InstituteBeijing 100081China

(Fe_(73)Ga_(2.−x)Al_(x))_(99.8)Tb_(0.2.(x=0,1,2.3,4,5)alloys were prepared by vacuum arc furnace to investigate the effect of Al addition on the microstructure,magnetic properties,and mechanical properties of *** show that the phase structure of the alloys is still A2.phase and Tb_(2.Fe_(17) phase,and the metallographic structure is composed of cellular crystal and columnar *** decrease in lattice constant,the intensification of(100)orientation,and the generation of Tb_(2.Fe_(17) phase at the grain boundary exert significant effect on the magnetostrictive *** fracture morphology of the alloys is intergranular brittle fracture and cleavage fracture,and the causes of fracture occurrence include the segregation of Tb and Al *** parallel magnetostrictive strain(λ_(∥))of(Fe_(73)Ga_(2.)Al_(3))_(99.8)Tb_(0.2.alloy peaks at 1.04×10^(−4).It is worth noting that compared with those of(Fe_(73)Ga_(2.))_(99.8)Tb_(0.2.alloy,theλ_(∥)and elongation of(Fe_(73)Ga_(2.)Al_(1))_(99.8)Tb_(0.2.alloy increase by 18.3%and 53.4%,***,(Fe_(73)Ga_(2.)Al_(1))_(99.8)Tb_(0.2.alloy possesses the characteristics of high saturation magnetization(Ms),low remanent magnetization(M_(r)),and coercivity(H_(c)),which is beneficial to reduce the cost in actual production,but its tensile strength and Vickers hardness decrease to a certain ***,the investigation on the micro-mechanism of Al addition on Fe-Ga alloys is of great significance for the development of Fe-Ga alloy devices.

关键词： (Fe_(73)Ga_(2.))_(99.8)Tb_(0.2.alloy Al doping microstructure magnetic properties mechanical properties

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Characteristics and stability of oxide+carbonitride in H13 steel at 12.0℃

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Journal of iron and steel {2. International 2024年第1期31卷 134-142页

作者： Xiao-lin Sun Han-jie Guo Jing Guo Fei Wang Dong Xu Gao-yang Song Shuai Wang School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of EngineeringHandan056038HebeiChina School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China High Temperature Materials research institute Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Co.Ltd.Beijing100081China Technology Innovation Center for High Quality Cold Heading steel of Hebei Province Hebei University of EngineeringHandan056038HebeiChina

The morphology,size,quantity,and composition of complex oxide+carbonitride in H13 steel held at 12.0℃for 5,10,and 15 h were *** results show that the ratio and number of complex carbonitrides with cores in H13 steel are gradually increased when holding at 12.0℃compared with those in the original H13 steel,and the core size *** are one or more oxide cores in(Ti_(x),V_(1-x))(Cy,N_(1-y)),including xCaO·zAl_(2.O_(3),xCaO·yMgO·zAl_(2.O_(3),and CaO after holding at 12.0℃,in addition to MgO·Al_(2.O_(3)and Al_(2.O_(3)in the original *** equilibrium temperature for(Ti_(x),V_(1-x))(Cy,N_(1-y))precipitation at the solidification front and decomposition in the solid state was theoretically analyzed,which was affected by the x value and the product of Ti and N contents in H13 ***,the composition of(Ti_(x),V_(1-x))(Cy,N_(1-y))is influenced by the oxide *** is convinced that(Ti_(x),V_(1-x))(Cy,N_(1-y))with oxide cores has a higher stability,especially for oxides with a high Al_(2.O_(3)*** treatment at high temperature facilitates a more reasonable analysis of oxide+carbonitride,and the generation mechanism of oxide+carbonitride was discussed.

关键词： Complex carbonitride Decomposition Oxide core Characteristic Stability

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Study on tungsten sintering temperature field based on electromagnetic simulation and computational fluid dynamics

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 355-366页

作者： Lu-Yan Wang Yue-Guang Yu Jian-Xin Dong Kai-Ping Du Shan-Yu Liu Cao-Bing Li University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083China BGRIMM Technology Group Beijing 100160China China iron&steel {2. institute Group Beijing 100081China

In order to study the influence of various sintering variables more intuitively and clearly,electromagnetic field analysis and computational fl uid dynamics are used to analyze the infl uence of gas flow,heating power and other process parameters on the temperature range of medium-frequency sintering in this *** results indicate that the uniformity of temperature fi eld is determined by the gas flow rate and heating *** the heating power is 50 kW,the stable temperature drops about 10 K for every 1 m^(3)·h^(−1)increase of hydrogen *** peak value of the maximum temperature diff erence on the tungsten rods gradually increases with the increase of the hydrogen flow rate,and it appears slightly *** temperature distribution of tungsten rods in furnace is similar with diff erent hydrogen flow *** the same time,the closer to the furnace wall,the higher the temperature of the tungsten *** temperature diff erence between tungsten rods mainly occurred within 1 h after the beginning of *** the heating power can improve the stable temperature,but has little eff ect on the heating *** heating power can increase the peak value of the maximum temperature diff erence on the tungsten rods,but has little eff ect on the occurrence time of the peak value of the maximum temperature diff erence on the tungsten *** the heating power will increase the temperature diff erence of a single tungsten rod,but the temperature diff erence of a single tungsten rod never exceeds 65 *** study can be used to guide the process optimization *** with numerical simulation calculation,the sintering parameters with low energy consumption and high temperature uniformity can be quickly and eff ectively found,thus improving the microstructure and properties of sintered tungsten products.

关键词： Tungsten products Sintering Hydrogen flow rate Heating power

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Hydrogen storage thermodynamics and kinetics of as-cast Ce-Mg-Ni-based alloy

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Journal of iron and steel {2. International 2024年第3期31卷 752-766页

作者： Yan Qi Xin Zhang Jun Li Dong-liang Zhao Shi-hai Guo Yang-huan Zhang Department of Functional Material research Central Iron and Steel Research InstituteBeijing 100081China China Rare Earth New Material(Weishan)Co..Ltd. Jining 277600ShandongChina Collaborative Innovation Center of Integrated Exploitation of Bayan Obo Multi-Metal Resources Inner Mongolia University of Science and TechnologyBaotou 014010Inner MongoliaChina

The reaction kinetics of alloys based on magnesium are known to be greatly improved by the partial substitution of Mg with rare earths and transition metals,particularly *** enhanced superficial hydrogen dissociation rate,the weakened Mg-H bond and the lower activation energy following element replacement are thought to be related to the better *** experimental alloys Ce5Mg_(95-x)Ni_(x)(x=5,10,15)were smelted by the vacuum induction *** phase transformation and structural evolution of experimental alloys before and after reaction with hydrogen were char-acterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron *** cast specimens contain CeMg_(12.,Mg and Mg_(2.Ni phases,and the increase in Ni content results in an obvious growth of Mg_(2.Ni *** isothermal and non-isothermal hydrogenation and dehydrogenation kinetics of the experimental specimens were investi-gated using the Sievert apparatus,differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric *** activation energy may be calculated using the Arrhenius and Kissinger *** experimental alloys have been shown to have good activation properties,with a reversible hydriding and dehydriding capacities of around 5.0 wt.%in the first *** initial dehydrogenation temperature of MgH_(2. decreases from 557.5 to 537.7 K with changing Ni content from 5 to 15 at.%.The dehydrogenation activation energy also reduces from 77.09 to 62.96 kJ/mol,which explains the improved hydrogen storage performance caused by Ni *** can be shown that the impact of Ni on the decomposition enthalpy of MgH_(2. is quite modest,with the absolute enthalpy(ΔHr)only decreasing from 78.48 to 76.15 kJ/mol.

关键词： Mg-based alloy Ni content Hydrogen storage kinetics Thermodynamic property Activation energy

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Evolution of microstructure and properties of a novel Ni-based superalloy during stress relief annealing

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第8期31卷 1876-1889页

作者： Lei Jia Heng Cui Shufeng Yang Shaomin Lü Xingfei Xie Jinglong Qu Collaborative Innovation Center of steel Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing GAONA Materials&Technology Co. Ltd.Beijing 100081China High-Temperature Materials institute Central Iron and Steel Research InstituteBeijing 100081China

We discussed the decrease in residual stress,precipitation evolution,and mechanical properties of GH4151 alloy in different annealing temperatures,which were studied by the scanning electron microscope(SEM),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).The findings reveal that annealing processing has a significant impact on diminishing residual *** the annealing temperature rose from 950 to 1150℃,the majority of the residual stresses were relieved from 60.1 MPa down to 10.9 ***,the stress relaxation mechanism transitioned from being mainly controlled by dislocation slip to a combination of dislocation slip and grain boundary ***,the annealing treatment promotes the decomposition of the Laves,accompanied by the precipitation ofμ-(Mo_(6)Co_(7))starting at 950℃ and reaching a maximum value at 1050℃.The tensile strength and plasticity of the annealing alloy at 1150℃ reached the maximum(1394 MPa,56.1%)which was 131%,2.0%fold than those of the as-cast alloy(1060 MPa,2..6%),but the oxidation process in the alloy was accelerated at 1150℃.The enhancement in durability and flexibility is primarily due to the dissolution of the brittle phase,along with the shape and dispersal of theγ′phase.

关键词： GH4151 alloy annealing treatment residual stress precipitation evolution strength mechanical properties

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Effect of cooling method on TiN precipitation behavior of high-titanium high-strength steel during solidification

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Journal of iron and steel {2. International 2024年第7期31卷 1692-1703页

作者： Xue-jian Zhang Guang-wei Yang Yong Wan Yong-hong Wen Chuan-sheng Tang Ming-qi Liu Li-jie Tian Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Emission Reduction and Resources Recycling Anhui University of TechnologyMa'anshan 243002AnhuiChina School of Metallurgical Engineering Anhui University of TechnologyMa'anshan 243002AnhuiChina Baosteel central {2. institute Baoshan Iron and Steel Co.Ltd.Shanghai 201999China

Metallographic microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and TiN growth thermodynamic and kinetic equations were used to investigate the morphology,quantity,and size of TiN in the center of high-titanium high-strength steels under different solidification cooling *** results showed that TiN in the center of the experimental steels mainly existed in three forms:single,composite(Al2.3-TiN),and multi-particle *** began precipitating at around 1497℃(solidification fraction of 0.74).From the end of melting to solidification for 180 s,the cooling rates in the center of the experimental steels for furnace cooling,air cooling,refractory mold cooling,and cast iron mold cooling tended to stabilize at 0.17,0.93,1.65,and 2.15℃/s,*** size of TiN in the center of the experimental steel cooled using furnace cooling was mainly concentrated in the 5-15 pm *** contrast,the size of TiN in the center of the experimental steels cooled using air cooling,refractory mold cooling,and cast iron mold cooling were mainly concentrated in the 1-5 pm *** addition,their density of TiN in the center of the experimental steels is signif-icantly higher than that of the furnace-cooled experimental *** and kinetic precipitation models of TiN established predicted the growth size of TiN in a high-titanium high-strength steel when the solidification cooling rates are not below 0.93℃/s.

关键词： High-titanium steel Cooling method TiN Thermodynamics Kinetics

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Improving mechanical properties and high-temperature oxidation of press hardened steel by adding Cr and Si

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第8期31卷 1865-1875页

作者： Rong Zhu Yonggang Yang Baozhong Zhang Borui Zhang Lei Li Yanxin Wu Zhenli Mi National Engineering research Center for Advanced Rolling and Intelligent Manufacturing University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 102206China Manufacturing Management Department Ningbo Iron&Steel Co.Ltd.Ningbo 315800China Hunan Valin Lianyuan iron and steel Co. Ltd.Loudi 417009China

This work investigated the effect of Cr and Si on the mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of press hardened *** indicated that the microstructure of the Cr-Si micro-alloyed press hardened steel consisted of lath martensite,M_(2.)C_(6)carbides,and retained *** retained austenite and carbides are responsible for the increase in elongation of the micro-alloyed *** addition,after oxidation at 930℃for 5 min,the thickness of the oxide scales on the Cr-Si micro-alloyed press hardened steel is less than 5μm,much thinner than 45.50μm-thick oxide scales on *** oxide scales of the Cr-Si micro-alloyed steel are composed of Fe_(2.O_(3),Fe_(3)O_(4),mixed spinel oxide(FeCr_(2.O_(4)and Fe_(2.SiO_(4)),and amorphous SiO_(2..Adding Cr and Si significantly reduces the thickness of the oxide scales and prevents the generation of the FeO *** to the increase of spinel FeCr_(2.O_(4)and Fe_(2.SiO_(4)phase in the inner oxide scale and the amorphous SiO_(2.close to the substrate,the oxidation resistance of the Cr-Si micro-alloyed press hardened steel is improved.

关键词： Cr-Si micro-alloyed press hardened steel mechanical properties oxidation resistance amorphous SiO_(2.

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Oxygen vacancy engineering for tuning the catalytic activity of LaCoO_(3) perovskite

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第3期42卷 506-514,I0003页

作者： Jeong Hyun Cho Minjae Kim Inchan Yang Kyung Tae Park Chang Houn Rhee Hai Woong Park Ji Chul Jung Department of Chemical Engineering Myongji UniversityYongin 17058Republic of Korea institute of Advanced Composite Materials Korea Institute of Science and TechnologyWanju-gunJeollabuk-do 55324Republic of Korea iron&steel Process Engineering {2. Group POSCOPohang 37859Republic of Korea Hydrogen research Center Research Institute of Industrial Science&Technology(RIST)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea

Herein, we attempted to engineer oxygen vacancies on the surface of LaCoO_(3) perovskite through simple post-treatments(acid or reductive thermal treatments). Acid treatment induces oxygen vacancies through the selective etching of the La cations, whereas thermal treatment in a reducing atmosphere generates oxygen vacancies by directly removing lattice oxygen. The characterization results confirm that the number of surface oxygen vacancies, which are crucial in various catalytic oxidation reactions,considerably increases in the LaCoO_(3) catalysts treated with acid or reducing gas. Acid treatment enriches the oxygen vacancies while maintaining the structure of the LaCoO_(3) catalysts, which can not be achieved through reductive thermal treatment. Therefore, the acid treatment is considered a promising technique for oxygen vacancy engineering of perovskite catalysts for tuning their catalytic activities. Furthermore,the catalytic activities of the posttreated LaCoO_(3) catalysts for CO oxidation were evaluated and are noted to be considerably better than those of the pristine LaCoO_(3) catalyst due to their abundant oxygen vacancies. Consequently, we conclude that the oxygen vacancies of perovskite catalysts can be effectively engineered via two simple methods and play a significant role in CO oxidation.

关键词： LaCoO_(3)perovskite Acid treatment Reductive thermal treatment Oxygen vacancy CO oxidation Rare earths

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