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Asking one mechanism in glial cells during neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第4期20卷 1077-1078页

作者： Xiaoli Guo Chikako Harada Takayuki Harada Visual research Project Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan

Multiple sclerosis(MS),which is characterized by inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system(CNS),is the most common neurological disease in the young adult *** autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),an animal model of MS,is often used in preclinical *** data indicate that in addition to immune cells such as T cells and dendritic cells,CNS resident microglia and astrocytes play important roles in demyelinating neuroinflammation(Healy et al.,2022).In particular,microglia are key immune-competent cells that can respond to environmental *** depletion of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1,a mitogen-associated protein kinase kinase kinase,in microglia is reported to reduce CNS inflammation and diminish axonal and myelin damage *** suggests that elucidating the mechanisms of microglia-specific responses during pathologies may help in the development of treatments that reduce EAE/MS disease severity(Goldmann et al.,2013).

关键词： inflammation clinical

Glia-to-neuron reprogramming to the rescue?

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1395-1396页

作者： Jack W.Hickmott Cindi M.Morshead Department of Surgery University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular research TorontoONCanada institute of Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada The KITE research institute Toronto Rehabilitation InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada

Over the last two decades,the dogma that cell fate is immutable has been increasingly challenged,with important implications for regenerative *** brea kth rough discovery that induced pluripotent stem cells could be generated from adult mouse fibroblasts is powerful proof that cell fate can be *** exciting extension of the discovery of cell fate impermanence is the direct cellular reprogram ming hypothesis-that terminally differentiated cells can be reprogrammed into other adult cell fates without first passing through a stem cell state.

关键词： programming passing proof

Behaviour of large post-liquefaction deformation in saturated sand-gravel composites

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Journal of Central South University 2012年第2期19卷 547-552页

作者：潘华陈国兴孙田刘汉龙 institute of geotechnical Engineering Nanjing University of Technology geotechnical research institute Hohai University

The laboratory tests on the post-liquefaction deformation of saturated sand-gravel composites were performed to investigate the characteristics of stress-strain relation and the dissipation of pore water pressure by the hollow cylinder apparatus. It is found that the stress-strain response and the dissipation process of pore water pressure are composed of three stages, including the low intensive strength stage, the superlinear strength recovery stage and the sublinear strength recovery stage, and the demarcation points of the curve of pore water pressure are lag behind those of the stress-strain response. The comparison results of the behaviour of large post-liquefaction deformation between saturated sand-gravel composites and Nanjing fine sand show that the low intensive strength stage and the superlinear strength recovery stage of saturated sand-gravel composites are shorter while the sublinear strength recovery stage is longer. A stress-strain model and a dissipation model of excess pore water pressure of liquefied sand-gravel composites are established, in which the initial confining pressure and the relative density can be considered synthetically. And it is found that the predicted results by the two models are in good agreement with experimental data.

关键词： saturated sand-gravel composites post-liquefaction deformation stress-strain relation dissipation model: pore water pressure

Modeling Virgin Compression of Reconstituted Clay at Different Initial Water Contents

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China Ocean Engineering 2015年第5期29卷 745-755页

作者：卞夏钱森丁建文 geotechnical research institute College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Hohai University institute of geotechnical Engineering School of Transportation Southeast University

The observations on compressibility of reconstituted clays show that the compression line with a higher initial water content lies above the compression line with a lower initial water content for a given clay. Hence there exists additional void ratio due to initial water contents among virgin compression lines（VCLs） of reconstituted clays. In this paper, the difference in void ratio caused by different initial water contents is investigated based on the empirical equation proposed by Liu and Carter（2000） for describing the differential void ratio at the same stress between natural and reconstituted clays. The mechanism of compressibility of reconstituted clays, when the stress level is larger than the remolded yield stress, is also discussed.

关键词： initial water content reconstituted clay compressibility

Comparison about parametric effects on wave propagation characteristics

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2015年第6期36卷 763-776页

作者： Zhijun LIU Tangdai XIA Qingqing ZHENG Weiyun CHEN research Center of Costal and Urban geotechnical Engineering Zhejiang University institute of geotechnical Engineering Nanjing Tech University

The frequency effects on the velocities and attenuations of the bulk waves in a saturated porous medium are numerically studied in the cases of considering and neglecting the compressibility of solid grain, respectively. The results show that the whole frequency can be divided into three parts, i.e., low frequency band, medium frequency band, and high frequency band, according to the variation curves and the characteristic frequency. The compressibility of the solid grain affects the P1 wave distinctively, the S wave tiny, and the P2 wave little. The effects of the porosity and Poisson＇s ratio on the bulk waves are numerically analyzed. It is found that both the porosity and Poisson＇s ratio have obvious effects on the bulk waves. Compared with the results in the case of neglecting the porosity-moduli relation, the results in the case of considering the porosity-moduli relation are more reasonable. The results in the case of considering the porosity-moduli relation can be degenerated into the results of elastic solid and pure fluid, while the results in the case of neglecting the porosity-moduli relation cannot be degenerated into the results of elastic solid and pure fluid. Therefore, the porosity-moduli relation must be considered in the parametric study for a certain porous medium.

关键词： frequency porosity Poisson's ratio compressibility of solid grain porosity-moduli relation

Behavior of large post-liquefaction deformation in saturated Nanjing fine sand

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2011年第2期10卷 187-193页

作者： Pan Hua Chen Guoxing Liu Hanlong Wang Binghui institute of geotechnical Engineering Nanjing University of Technology Nanjing 210009 China geotechnical research institute Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

Laboratory tests on the large post-liquefaction deformation of saturated Nanjing fine sand were performed by using a hollow cylinder apparatus. The stress-strain responses and the characteristics of excess pore water pressure after liquefaction were studied. It was found that the relationship between deviatoric stress and axial strain presented a sigmoid curve, and there was a good linearity relationship between normalized pore water pressure and deviatoric stress. On this basis, a constitutive model of stress-strain responses and a dissipation model of excess pore water pressure were established. It was found that the results predicted by the two models were in good agreement with the experimental data. The influence of relative densities and confining pressure on the characteristics of liquefied soil were studied, The results showed the relative densities and initial effective confining pressure all had an important influence on the stress-strain responses of liquefied saturated Nanjing fine sand. However, the dissipation model of excess pore water pressure after liquefaction was only affected by the confining pressure.

关键词： saturated Nanjing fine sand large post-liquefaction deformation constitutive model dissipation model of excess pore water pressure

An analytical solution to the scattering of cylindrical SH waves by a partially filled semi-circular alluvial valley: near-source site effects

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2015年第2期14卷 189-201页

作者： Zhang Ning Gao Yufeng Yang Jie Xu Changjie geotechnical research institute Hohai University Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering Hohai University Nanjing Hydraulic research institute research Center of Coastal and Urban geotechnical Engineering Zhejiang University

The earth’s surface irregularities can substantially affect seismic waves and induce amplifi cations of ground motions. This study investigates whether and how the source characteristics affect the site amplifi cation effects. An analytical model of a line source of cylindrical waves impinging on an alluvial valley is proposed to link the source and site. The analytical solution to this problem proves one aspect of the strong effect of source on site amplifi cation, i.e., the wave curvature effect. It is found that the site amplifi cation depends on the source location, especially under conditions of a small source-to-site distance. Whether the displacement is amplifi ed or reduced and the size of the amplifi cation or reduction may be determined by the location of the source. It is suggested that traditional studies of site responses, which usually ignore the source effect, should be further improved by combining the source with site effects.

关键词： site effects source effects wave function expansio

New glucocerebrosidase antibodies can advance research in the field of neurodegenerative disorders

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第4期20卷 1085-1086页

作者： Charis Ma Krystyna Rytel Yu Chen Ellen Sidransky Medical Genetics Branch National Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

In medical research,there are times when the introduction of a new tool can launch scientific discovery in new *** antibody development may be considered mundane,in the field of glucocerebrosidase(GCase)research,the dearth of validated antibodies for different applications has impeded progress in studies of disease pathogenesis and therapeutic *** recent introduction of new,rigorously evaluated antibodies can now propel research into the link between glucocerebrosidase and Parkinson’s disease(PD)as well as aspects of the pathobiology of Gaucher disease(Jong et al.,2024).

关键词： antibodies cerebro

Erective Sea Embankment with PCC Piles

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China Ocean Engineering 2005年第2期19卷 339-348页

作者：刘汉龙费康邓安张霆 geotechnical research institute Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

The sea embankment is a critical civil works in marine and coastal engineering. In this study, an innovative technique is proposed for constructing erective sea embankments. In the construction of sea embankments, this technique integrates PCC pile installation, PVDs drainage systems, and geotextile reinforcements, resulting in sea embankments with PCC piles. In the application of a sea embankment with PCC piles, PCC piles are employed as the retaining structures; the soft sea ground inside PCC piles is drained and improved by PVDs and vacuum-surcharge combined preloading; geotextile-reinforced backfills lying over the improved soft ground form the embankment body. Brief descriptions of the fundamentals, design and construction of the sea embankment with PCC piles are presented. A case study on the stability of sea embankment with PCC piles is presented as well.

关键词： sea embankment PCC piles ground treatment PVD vacuum and surcharge combined preloading reinforced backfills