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Measurement of oxygen consumption rates of human renal proximal tubule cells in an array of organ-on-chip devices to monitor drug-induced metabolic shifts

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第5期8卷 149-160页

作者： Samuel H.Kann Erin M.Shaughnessey Jonathan R.Coppeta Hesham Azizgolshani Brett CIsenberg Else M.Vedula Xin Zhang Joseph L.Charest Draper Scholar 555 Technology SquareCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston University110 Cummington MallBostonMA 02215USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University4 Colby StreetMedfordMA 02155USA Draper 555 Technology SquareCambridgeMA 02139USA Present address:Biogen 225 Binney StreetCambridgeMA 02142USA

Measurement of cell metabolism in moderate-throughput to high-throughput organ-on-chip(OOC)systems would expand the range of data collected for studying drug effects or disease in physiologically relevant tissue ***,current measurement approaches rely on fluorescent imaging or colorimetric assays that are focused on endpoints,require labels or added substrates,and lack real-time ***,we integrated optical-based oxygen sensors in a high-throughput OOC platform and developed an approach for monitoring cell metabolic activity in an array of membrane bilayer *** membrane bilayer device supported a culture of human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells on a porous membrane suspended between two microchannels and exposed to controlled,unidirectional perfusion and physiologically relevant shear stress for several *** the first time,we measured changes in oxygen in a membrane bilayer format and used a finite element analysis model to estimate cell oxygen consumption rates(OCRs),allowing comparison with OCRs from other cell culture ***,we demonstrated label-free detection of metabolic shifts in human renal proximal tubule cells following exposure to FCCP,a drug known for increasing cell oxygen consumption,as well as oligomycin and antimycin A,drugs known for decreasing cell oxygen *** capability to measure cell OCRs and detect metabolic shifts in an array of membrane bilayer devices contained within an industry standard microtiter plate format will be valuable for analyzing flowresponsive and physiologically complex tissues during drug development and disease research.

关键词： metabolism culture OCR

Non-genetic photoacoustic stimulation of single neurons by a tapered fiber optoacoustic emitter

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第8期10卷 1494-1506页

作者： Linli Shi Ying Jiang Fernando R.Fernandez Guo Chen Lu Lan Heng-Ye Man John A.White Ji-Xin Cheng Chen Yang Department of Chemistry Boston University580 Commonwealth AvenueBostonMA 02215USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University44 Cummington MallBostonMA 02215USA. Center for Systems Neuroscience Boston University610 Commonwealth AveBostonMA 02215USA. Neurophotonics Center Photonics CenterBoston University8 St.Mary's StreetBostonMA 02215USA. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 8 St.Mary's StreetBostonMA 02215USA. Department of Biology Boston University5 Cummington MallBostonMA 02215USA

Neuromodulation at high spatial resolution poses great significance in advancing fundamental knowledge in the field of neuroscience and offering novel clinical ***,we developed a tapered fiber optoacoustic emitter(TFOE)generating an ultrasound field with a high spatial precision of 39.6 pm,enabling optoacoustic activation of single neurons or subcellular structures,such as axons and ***,a single acoustic pulse of sub-microsecond converted by the TFOE from a single laser pulse of 3 ns is shown as the shortest acoustic stimuli so far for successful neuron *** precise ultrasound generated by the TFOE enabled the integration of the optoacoustic stimulation with highly stable patch-clamp recording on single *** measurements of the electrical response of single neurons to acoustic stimulation,which is difficult for conventional ultrasound stimulation,have been *** coupling TFOE with ex vivo brain slice electrophysiology,we unveil cell-type-specific responses of excitatory and inhibitory neurons to acoustic *** results demonstrate that TFOE is a non-genetic single-cell and sub-cellular modulation technology,which could shed new insights into the mechanism of ultrasound neurostimulation.

关键词： emitter fiber stimulation

The magnetosheath at high spectral resolution

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 234-246页

作者： K.D.Küntz D.Koutroumpa W.R.Dunn A.Foster F.S.Porter D.G.Sibeck B.Walsh The Henry A.Rowland Department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins University3701 San Martin DriveBaltimoreMD21218USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 8800 Greenbelt RoadGreenbeltMD 20771USA LATMOS-OVSQ CNRSUVSQ Paris-SaclaySorbonne Université11 Boulevard d’Alembert78280GuyancourtFrance Department of Physics and Astronomy University College LondonLondonUK The Centre for Planetary Science at UCL/Birkbeck Gower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK Center for Astrophysics Harvard University&Smithsonian Institution60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA Center for Space Physics Boston University110 Cummington MallBostonMAUSA

While we eagerly anticipate SMILE’s(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)unprecedented X-ray observations of the Earth’s magnetosheath and the initiation of a new era of magnetospheric research,it seems appropriate to look ahead to the abilities of the next generation of astrophysics *** these,the Line Emission Mapper(LEM),a large aperture micro-calorimeter based mission,is currently planned to be able to observe the magnetosheath at high spectral resolution(~2 eV).With a field of view of~30′,LEM will allow higher spatial resolution and higher cadence measurement of the motion of a very small portion of the magnetopause over relatively short periods of time(multiple hours),complementing SMILE’s global ***’s strength is its spectral *** will be able to measure the abundance of a broad range of elements and ionization states,many of which are inaccessible to current in situ instruments,and will be able to separate the emission from the magnetosheath from the emission from the cosmic X-ray background using the difference in their relative velocities.

关键词： magnetosheath charge exchange solar wind abundances

Are Northeastern U.S. forests vulnerable to extreme drought?

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 351-363页

作者： Adam P.Coble Matthew A.Vadeboncoeur Z.Carter Berry Katie A.Jennings Cameron D.McIntire John L.Campbell Lindsey E.Rustad Pamela H.Templer Heidi Asbjornsen Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire56 College Rd.114 James HallDurhamNH 03824USA. Earth Systems Research Center University of New Hampshire8 College RoadDurhamNH 03824USA. Northern Research Station USDA Forest Service271 Mast RoadDurhamNH 03824USA. Department of Biology Boston University5 Cummington MallBostonMA 02215USA.

In the Northeastern U.S.,drought is expected to increase in frequency over the next century,and therefore,the responses of trees to drought are important to *** is recent debate about whether land-use change or moisture availability is the primary driver of changes in forest species composition in this *** argue that fire suppression from the early twentieth century to present has resulted in an increase in shade-tolerant and pyrophobic tree species that are drought intolerant,while others suggest precipitation variability as a major driver of species *** this debate,an emerging hypothesis is that mesophication and increases in the abundance of mesophytic genera(e.g.,Acer,Betula,and Fagus)resulted in forests that are more vulnerable to *** review examines the published literature and factors that contribute to drought vulnerability of Northeastern *** assessed two key concepts related to drought vulnerability,including drought tolerance(ability to survive drought)and sensitivity(short-term responses to drought),with a focus on Northeastern *** assessed drought-tolerance classifications for species,which revealed both consistencies and inconsistencies,as well as contradictions when compared to actual observations,such as higher mortality for drought-tolerant *** to drought sensitivity,recent work has focused on isohydric/anisohydric regulation of leaf water ***,based on the review of the literature,we conclude that drought sensitivity should be viewed in terms of multiple variables,including leaf abscission,stomatal sensitivity,turgor pressure,and dynamics of non-structural *** considered drought sensitive(e.g.,Acer,Betula,and Liriodendron)may actually be less prone to drought-induced mortality and dieback than previously considered because stomatal regulation and leaf abscission in these species are effective at preventing water potential from reaching critica

关键词： Acer Betula Drought sensitivity Drought tolerance Quercus Northeastern U.S. Temperate deciduous

Anomalous Laterally Stressed Kinetically Trapped DNA Surface Conformations

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第8期13卷 263-280页

作者： Valery V.Prokhorov Nikolay A.Barinov Kirill A.Prusakov Evgeniy V.Dubrovin Maxim D.Frank-Kamenetskii Dmitry V.Klinov Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine Malaya Pirogovskaya1aMoscow 119435Russian Federation A.N.Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RASLeninsky prospect Moscow 199071 Russian Federation 3 Moscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyInstitutskiy per.9Dolgoprudny141700 MoscowRussian Federation Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie gory1-2Moscow 119991Russian Federation Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University44 Cummington MallBoston MA02215USA

Up to now,the DNA molecule adsorbed on a surface was believed to always preserve its native *** belief implies a negligible contribution of lateral surface forces during and after DNA adsorption although their impact has never been ***-resolution atomic force microscopy was used to observe that stiff DNA molecules kinetically trapped on monomolecular films comprising one-dimensional periodically charged lamellar templates as a single layer or as a sublayer are oversaturated by sharp discontinuous kinks and can also be locally melted and *** argue that kink/anti-kink pairs are induced by an overcritical lateral bending stress(>30 pNnm)inevitable for the highly anisotropic 1D-1D electrostatic interaction of DNA and underlying rows of positive surface *** addition,the unexpected kink-inducing mechanical instability in the shape of the template-directed DNA confined between the positively charged lamellar sides is observed indicating the strong impact of *** previously reported anomalously low values of the persistence length of the surface-adsorbed DNA are explained by the impact of the surface-induced low-scale *** sites of the local melting and supercoiling are convincingly introduced as other lateral stress-induced structural DNA anomalies by establishing a link with DNA high-force *** results open up the study in the completely unexplored area of the principally anomalous kinetically trapped DNA surface conformations in which the DNA local mechanical response to the surface-induced spatially modulated lateral electrostatic stress is essentially *** underlying rich and complex in-plane nonlinear physics acts at the nanoscale beyond the scope of applicability of the worm-like chain approximation.

关键词： DNA surface conformations Kinetic trapping Lateral stress Periodically charged surface DNA kinks

A fiber optoacoustic guide with augmented reality for precision breastconserving surgery

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 1014-1024页

作者： Lu Lan Yan Xia Rui Li Kaiming Liu Jieying Mai Jennifer Anne Medley Samilia Obeng-Gyasi Linda K.Han Pu Wang Ji-Xin Cheng Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University44 Cummington MallBostonMA 02215USA Vibronix Inc.1281 Win Hentschel BoulevardWest LafayetteIN 47906USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University206 S.Martin Jischke DriveWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 10084China Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Indiana University School of Medicine550 N.University BlvdIndianapolisIN 46202USA Department of Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine545 Barnhill DriveIndianapolisIN 46202USA Parkview Cancer Institute 11109 Parkview Plaza DriveFort WayneIN 46845USA Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering Boston University8 Saint Mary’s StreetBostonMA 02215USA

Lumpectomy,also called breast-conserving surgery,has become the standard surgical treatment for early-stage breast ***,accurately locating the tumor during a lumpectomy,especially when the lesion is small and nonpalpable,is a *** difficulty can lead to either incomplete tumor removal or prolonged surgical time,which result in high re-operation rates(~25%)and increased surgical ***,we report a fiber optoacoustic guide(FOG)with augmented reality(AR)for sub-millimeter tumor localization and intuitive surgical guidance with minimal *** FOG is preoperatively implanted in the *** external pulsed light excitation,the FOG omnidirectionally broadcasts acoustic waves through the optoacoustic effect by a specially designed nano-composite layer at its *** capturing the acoustic wave,three ultrasound sensors on the breast skin triangulate the FOG tip’s position with 0.25-mm *** AR system with a tablet measures the coordinates of the ultrasound sensors and transforms the FOG tip’s position into visual feedback with<1-mm accuracy,thus aiding surgeons in directly visualizing the tumor location and performing fast and accurate tumor *** further show the use of a head-mounted display to visualize the same information in the surgeons’first-person view and achieve hands-free *** clinical application,a surgeon successfully deployed the FOG to excise a“pseudo tumor”in a female human *** the high-accuracy tumor localization by FOG and the intuitive surgical guidance by AR,the surgeon performed accurate and fast tumor removal,which will significantly reduce re-operation rates and shorten the surgery time.

关键词： surgery fiber intuitive