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Inversion of O_(2) 1.27 μm nightglow emissions: A climatological analysis using satellite Limb-Viewed spectra and Harmonic analysis method

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第4期8卷 632-640页

作者： YiYi Sui YaJun Zhu QiuYu Chen MaoSheng He JiYao Xu state {1. laboratory of space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China key {1. of Solar Activity and space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Hainan National Field Science Observation and Research Observatory for space {1. National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

This study employs a linear inversion algorithm to retrieve volume emission rates(VERs)of molecular O_(2) nightglow at 1.27μm,utilizing Limb-Viewed spectra obtained from the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric for CHartographY(SCIAMACHY)payload on board the Envisat *** retrieved results are compared with VERs data from the SABER payload on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics(TIMED)satellite,exhibiting *** will help to facilitate accurate revelation of spatial distribution and periodic variation in O_(2) *** are extracted monthly within the altitude range of 75-1.0 km from 2002 to 201.,yielding a climatology of spatial and temporal *** meridional structure exhibits two maxima,at the equator and at 45°*** August and October,the VERs exhibit a meridional bimodal structure,with the weaker one above the equator and the stronger one above 45°*** April,the VERs reach their annual ***,harmonic analysis reveals significant temporal variations on different *** emission shows characteristics of annual and semi-annual variation,and a non-linear long-term trend associated with solar cycle activity.

关键词： VERs O_(2)1.27μm nightglow SCIAMACHY

Analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 299-306页

作者： JiaoJiao Zhang TianRan Sun XiZheng Yu DaLin Li Hang Li JiaQi Guo ZongHua Ding Tao Chen Jian Wu Chi Wang state {1. laboratory of space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China key {1. of Solar Activity and space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China key {1. of Electronics and Information Technology for space Systems Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China China Research Institute of Radio-wave Propagation Qingdao 266075China

The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite is a small magnetosphere–ionosphere link explorer developed cooperatively between China and *** pioneers the use of X-ray imaging technology to perform large-scale imaging of the Earth’s magnetosheath and polar cusp *** uses a high-precision ultraviolet imager to image the overall configuration of the aurora and monitor changes in the source of solar wind in real time,using in situ detection instruments to improve human understanding of the relationship between solar activity and changes in the Earth’s magnetic *** SMILE satellite is scheduled to launch in *** European Incoherent Scatter Sciences Association(EISCAT)-3D radar is a new generation of European incoherent scatter radar constructed by EISCAT and is the most advanced ground-based ionospheric experimental device in the high-latitude polar *** has multibeam and multidirectional quasi-real-time three-dimensional(3D)imaging capabilities,continuous monitoring and operation capabilities,and multiple-baseline interferometry *** detection by the SMILE satellite and the EISCAT-3D radar is of great significance for revealing the coupling process of the solar wind–magnetosphere–***,we performed an analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D,analyzed the period during which the two can perform joint detection,and defined the key scientific problems that can be solved by joint *** addition,we developed Web-based software to search for and visualize the joint detection period of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar,which lays the foundation for subsequent joint detection experiments and scientific research.

关键词： Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite European Incoherent Scatter Sciences Association(EISCAT)-3D radar joint detection

Joint observations of the large-scale ULF wave activity from space to ground associated with the solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 2215-2229页

作者： SUN XiaoYing HU YunPeng ZHIMA Zeren DUAN SuPing LV FangXian SHEN XuHui National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency ManagementBeijing 100085China School of space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China state {1. laboratory of space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

This study reports the rare ultralow-frequency(ULF) wave activity associated with the solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement that was successively observed by the GOES-1.(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) in the magnetosphere, the CSES(China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) in the ionosphere, and the THEMIS ground-based observatories(GBO) GAKO and EAGL in the Earth's polar region during the main phase of an intense storm on 4 November 2021. Along with the enhanced-pressure solar wind moving tailward, the geomagnetic field structure experienced a large-scale change. From dawn/dusk sides to midnight, the GAKO, EAGL, and GOES-1. sequentially observed the ULF waves in a frequency range of0.04–0.36 Hz at L shells of ~5.07, 6.29, and 5.67, respectively. CSES also observed the ULF wave event with the same frequency ranges at wide L-shells of 2.52–6.22 in the nightside ionosphere. The analysis results show that the ULF waves at ionospheric altitude were mixed toroidal-poloidal mode waves. Comparing the ULF waves observed in different regions, we infer that the nightside ULF waves were directly or indirectly excited by the solar wind dynamic pressure increase: in the area of L-shells~2.52–6.29, the magnetic field line resonances(FLRs) driven by the solar wind dynamic pressure increase is an essential excitation source;on the other hand, around L~3.29, the ULF waves can also be excited by the outward expansion of the plasmapause owing to the decrease of the magnetospheric convection, and in the region of L-shells ~5.1.–6.29, the ULF waves are also likely excited by the ion cyclotron instabilities driven by the solar wind dynamic pressure increase.

关键词： ultralow-frequency(ULF)wave solar wind dynamic pressure(P_(sw)) magnetic field line resonance(FLR) ion cyclotron instability

Automatic Generation of Artificial space {1. Forecast Product Based on Sequence-to-sequence Model

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空间科学学报 2024年第1期44卷 80-94页

作者：罗冠霆 ZOU Yenan CAI Yanxia state {1. laboratory of space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 key {1. of Science and Technology on Environment space Situation Awareness Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190

Both analyzing a large amount of space {1. observed data and alleviating personal experience bias are significant challenges in generating artificial space {1. forecast *** the use of natural language generation methods based on the sequence-to-sequence model,space {1. forecast texts can be automatically *** conduct our generation tasks at a fine-grained level,a taxonomy of space {1. phenomena based on descriptions is ***,our MDH(Multi-Domain Hybrid)model is proposed for generating space {1. summaries in two *** model is composed of three sequence-to-sequence-based deep neural network sub-models(one Bidirectional Auto-Regressive Transformers pre-trained model and two Transformer models).Then,to evaluate how well MDH performs,quality evaluation metrics based on two prevalent automatic metrics and our innovative human metric are *** comprehensive scores of the three summaries generating tasks on testing datasets are 70.87,93.50,and 92.69,*** results suggest that MDH can generate space {1. summaries with high accuracy and coherence,as well as suitable length,which can assist forecasters in generating high-quality space {1. forecast products,despite the data being starved.

关键词： space {1. Deep learning Data-to-text Natural language generation

Study of factors influencing the occurrence rate of 60 Hz power line radiation in the topside ionosphere:A systematic survey using the CSES satellite

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1879-1892页

作者： MA ZhenHui ZHAO ShuFan LIAO Li SHEN XuHui LU HengXin School of Emergency Management Science and Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China state {1. laboratory of space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China key {1. of Solar Activity and space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing100085China Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing100081China

We analyze the topside ionosphere power line radiation(PLR)at 60 Hz over the US using electric field data collected by CSES satellite between January 201. and December *** study aimed to further investigate the month-to-month variation characteristic of PLR occurrence rate observed by satellite and its several influencing factors,including solar radiation,lightning activity,and try to clarify the influence of electricity *** results show that the solar radiation(solar zenith angle and F1..7)plays a major role in the variation of the PLR occurrence rate,and that there is no direct connection with the number of *** the relationship between PLR occurrence rate and electricity consumption,the low occurrence rate associated with decreased weekend electricity consumption was not observed in the ***,there is a significant difference in PLR occurrence rate between the East and West Coasts of the US at the same latitude during the same time period,suggesting that the significant difference in PLR occurrence rate is caused by the significant difference in electricity consumption between the two *** excluding the effect of solar radiation on PLR occurrence rate,we concluded that only a significant difference in regional electricity consumption could lead to a corresponding change in PLR occurrence rate detected by the Low-Earth-Orbit ***,we also found there is seasonal variation in the diurnal differences of the PLR occurrence rate caused by seasonal variation of the lower ionosphere.

关键词： CSES satellite power line radiation occurrence rate solar radiation lightning activity electricity consumption

Precipitation Evolution from Plain to Mountains during the July 2023 Extreme Heavy Rainfall Event in North China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第4期38卷 635-651页

作者： Mingxin LI Jisong SUN Feng LI Chong WU Rudi XIA Xinghua BAO Jinfang YIN Xudong LIANG state {1. laboratory of Severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

North China experienced devastating rainfall from 29 July to 1.August 2023,which caused substantial flooding and *** study analyzed observations from surface rain gauges and S-band dual-polarization radars to reveal the following unique features of the precipitation evolution from the plain to the mountains during this event.(1. The total rainfall was found concentrated along the Taihang Mountains at elevations generally > 200 m,and its spatiotemporal evolution was closely associated with northward-moving low-level jets.(2) Storms propagated northwestward with southeasterly steering winds,producing continuous rainfall along the eastern slopes of the Taihang Mountains owing to mountain blocking,which resulted in the formation of local centers of precipitation ***,most rainfall episodes with an extreme hourly rainfall rate(HRR),corresponding to large horizontal wind shear at low levels,actively occurred in the plain area to the east of the Taihang Mountains.(3) The western portion of the extreme heavy rain belt in the north was mainly caused by long-lasting cumulus–stratus mixed precipitation with HRR1.;the eastern portion was dominated by short-duration convective precipitation with HRR > 20 mm h~(-1..The contributions of convective precipitation and cumulus–stratus mixed precipitation to the total rainfall of the southern and middle rain belts were broadly equivalent.(4) The local HRR maxima located at the transition zone from the plain to the mountains were induced by moderate storm-scale convective cells with active warm-rain processes and large number of small-sized rain droplets.(5) During the devastating rainfall event,it was observed that the rainfall peaked at around 1.00 local time(LT) every day over the upstream plain area(no diurnal cycle of rainfall was observed in relation to the accumulated rainfall centers over mountain areas).This was attributable to convective activities along the storm propagation path,which was a resu

关键词： extreme rainfall from plain to mountains convective precipitation stratiform precipitation hourly rainfall rate low-level jet diurnal variation

Recent Progress of the Solar Wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) Mission

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空间科学学报 2024年第4期44卷 692-698页

作者： WANG Chi ESCOUBET Philippe FORSYTH Colin LI Jing AGNOLON David state {1. laboratory of space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 European space Agency/European space Research and Technology Centre Noordwijk 2201 AZ Mullard space Science {1. University College LondonLondon RH56 NT

The SMILE(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)mission is a joint space science mission between the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and the European space Agency(ESA),aiming to understand the interaction of the solar wind with the Earth’s magnetosphere in a global *** of May 2024,the SMILE mission is in phase-D with an expected launch date of September *** report summarizes developments in the mission during the past two years.

关键词： SMILE Soft X-ray Imager Ultra-Violet Imager Light Ion Analyzer Magnetometer

Solar energetic particles intensity variations associated with a tilted-dipole 3D corotating interaction region

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第5期8卷 797-810页

作者： YuJi Zhu Fang Shen Xi Luo Yang Wang BoFeng Tang state {1. laboratory of space weather National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT) College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology

The effect of a tilted-dipole three-dimensional corotating interaction region(CIR) on the transport and acceleration of solar energetic particles(SEPs) is *** this work,we discussed how the particle intensity longitudinal and radial dependence might be influenced by the background ***,we investigate how the spectral index distribution is modulated by the CIR structure We use the focused transport equation(FTE) to describe the propagation and acceleration of SEPs in a tilt-dipole 3D CIR,generated by the high-resolution 3D magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) *** forward stochastic differential method is used to solve the *** protons with theE～(-4.4)spectrum from 0.5 to 1. MeV are injected uniformly at the heliographic equator of 0.1. *** quantities are extracted along each interplanetary magnetic field(IMF) line to show the *** the tilted-dipole CIR background,if injected from the solar equator at the inner boundary,particles in the slow flow are transported to higher latitudes due to the extension of the IMF lines to higher *** longitudinal patterns of the particles are dominated by the density of IMF *** focusing effect modulates the longitudinal variation of the particle intensity and gives rise to new longitudinal intensity *** adiabatic effect largely increases the intensity fluctuation along the *** structure of the solar wind can also lead to the difference of the index α in the empirical functionI＿(max)=kR～(-α),describing the radial variation of peak intensity according to our *** the influence of the CIR structure,the index α varies from 1.9 to 3.4 at 0.3-1.0 *** variation of the solar wind speed should be considered when estimating the radial dependence of the SEP peak *** spectra indices rise near the CIR boundaries and drop near the stream interface(SI).The adiabatic effect makes the spatial variability of the spectral index *** spectral index could be sim

关键词： solar energetic particle (SEP) corotating interaction regions (CIR) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)

Macroscopic model and statistical model to characterize electromagnetic information of a digital coding metasurface

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 159-171页

作者： Rui Wen Shao Jun Wei Wu Zheng Xing Wang Hui Xu Han Qing Yang Qiang Cheng Tie Jun Cui Institute of Electromagnetic space Southeast University state {1. laboratory of Millimeter Waves Southeast University Peng Cheng laboratory Pazhou laboratory(Huangpu)

A digital coding metasurface is a platform connecting the digital space and electromagnetic wave space, and has therefore gained much attention due to its intriguing value in reshaping wireless channels and realizing new communication architectures. Correspondingly, there is an urgent need for electromagnetic information theory that reveals the upper limit of communication capacity and supports the accurate design of metasurface-based communication systems. To this end, we propose a macroscopic model and a statistical model of the digital coding metasurface. The macroscopic model uniformly accommodates both digital and electromagnetic aspects of the meta-atoms and predicts all possible scattered fields of the digital coding metasurface based on a small number of simulations or measurements. Full-wave simulations and experimental results show that the macroscopic model is feasible and accurate. A statistical model is further proposed to correlate the mutual coupling between meta-atoms with covariance and to calculate the entropy of the equivalent currents of digital coding metasurface. These two models can help reconfigurable intelligent surfaces achieve more accurate beamforming and channel estimation, and thus improve signal power and coverage. Moreover, the models will encourage the creation of a precoding codebook in metasurface-based direct digital modulation systems, with the aim of approaching the upper limit of channel capacity. With these two models, the concepts of current space and current entropy, as well as the analysis of information loss from the coding space to wave space, is established for the first time, helping to bridge the gap between the digital world and the physical world, and advancing developments of electromagnetic information theory and new-architecture wireless systems.

关键词： electromagnetic information theory current entropy current space digital coding metasurface macroscopic model statistical model