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development and prospects of molten steel deoxidation in steelmaking process

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 18-32页

作者： Zhongliang Wang Yanping Bao state {1. laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

In the long traditional process of steelmaking,excess oxygen is blown into the converter,and alloying elements are used for *** inevitably results in excessive deoxidation of products remaining within the steel liquid,affecting the cleanliness of the *** the increasing requirements for steel performance,reducing the oxygen content in the steel liquid and ensuring its high cleanliness is *** more than a hundred years of development,the total oxygen content in steel has been reduced from approximately 1.0×1.^(-6)to approximately 1.×1.^(-6),and it can be controlled below 5×1.^(-6)in some steel grades.A relatively stable and mature deoxidation technology has been formed,but further reducing the oxygen content in steel is no longer significant for improving steel *** research team developed a deoxidation technology for bearing steel by optimizing the entire conventional *** technology combines silicon–manganese predeoxidation,ladle furnace diffusion deoxidation,and vacuum final *** successfully conducted industrial experiments and produced interstitial-free steel with natural decarbonization ***-aluminum deoxidation was found to control the oxygen content in bearing steel to between 4×1.^(-6) and 8×1.^(-6),altering the type of inclusions,eliminating large particle Ds-type inclusions,improving the flowability of the steel liquid,and deriving a higher fatigue *** natural decarbonization predeoxidation of interstitial-free steel reduced aluminum consumption and production costs and significantly improved the quality of cast billets.

关键词： steel deoxidation deoxidizer metallurgical equipment bearing steel IF steel

How territorial function determines CO_(2) emissions in China: An approach of spatial dimension

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第9期34卷 1677-1696页

作者： FAN Jie WANG Zheng ZHOU Daojing GUO Rui CHEN Dong LIU Baoyin LIU Hanchu QIAO Qin WU Jianxiong key {1. of Regional Sustainable development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of Resources and environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institutes of Science and development CASBeijing 100190China School of Architecture&Planning Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei 230022China state {1. laboratory of environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

Regional CO_(2) emissions are closely related to their territorial function, which is the major role a region plays in sustainable processes on the earth's surface. Given that China is implementing a top-down emission allocation quota strategy, studying the impact of a territorial function on emissions addresses the research gap from a spatial integration *** investigating the effects of three basic functional territories(urbanization zones(UZ), food security zones(FSZ), and ecological security zones(ESZ)), horizontal spatial structure and vertical combinations of functional territories on CO_(2) emission patterns in China, we found that functional territory patterns were highly coupled with the spatial distribution of CO_(2) emissions, with a ratio of CO_(2) emissions from UZ–FSZ–ESZ was stable at around 5:2:1.from 2000 to 201.. Spatially, CO_(2) emissions in FSZ and ESZ were 1.06–2.1. times higher than the average value within 200 km from the UZ. As territorial function combination increased with spatial upscaling, the emission characteristics attributable to functional territories became indistinct. The findings above can provide a basis for the long-term prediction of CO_(2) emissions from spatial dimension, support scientific guidance for inter-zone cooperation and classified management of carbon emissions with the major function oriented zones as impetus.

关键词： CO_(2)emission pattern functional territory spatial structure function combination spatial dimension-based analysis

Long-lived lunar volcanism sustained by precession-driven core-mantle friction

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 114-123页

作者： Shuoran Yu Xiao Xiao Shengxia Gong Nicola Tosi Jun Huang Doris Breuer Long Xiao Dongdong Ni state {1. laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macau University of Science and Technology Planetary Science Institute State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences CAS key {1. of Planetary Sciences Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Institute of Planetary Research German Aerospace Centre(DLR)

Core-mantle friction induced by the precession of the Moon's spin axis is a strong heat source in the deep lunar mantle during the early phase of a satellite's evolution, but its influence on the long-term thermal evolution still remains poorly explored. Using a one-dimensional thermal evolution model, we show that core-mantle friction can sustain global-scale partial melting in the upper lunar mantle until ～3.1.Ga, thus accounting for the intense volcanic activity on the Moon before ～3.0 Ga. Besides, core-mantle friction tends to suppress the secular cooling of the lunar core and is unlikely to be an energy source for the long-lived lunar core dynamo. Our model also favours the transition of the Cassini state before the end of the lunar magma ocean phase(～4.2 Ga), which implies a decreasing lunar obliquity over time after the solidification of the lunar magma ocean. Such a trend of lunar obliquity evolution may allow volcanically released water to be buried in the lunar regolith of the polar regions. As a consequence, local water ice could be more abundant than previously thought when considering only its accumulation caused by solar wind and comet spreading.

关键词： Moon precession orbit volcanism

Performance enhancement and active sites identification of Cu-Cd bimetallic oxide derived catalysts for electrochemical CO_(2) reduction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 50-58页

作者： Cai Wang Xin Hu Bairong Chen Houan Ren Xiaoyu Wang Yilin Zhang Xinyu Chen Yuping Liu Qingxin Guan Wei Li state {1. laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Adv.Energy Mater.Chemistry(Ministry of Education)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

The development of earth-abundant electrocatalysts with high performance for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction(ECR)is of great ***-based catalysts have been widely investigated for ECR due to their unique ability to generate various carbonaceous products,but directing selectivity toward one certain product and identifying the real active sites during ECR are still full of ***,after the incorporation of CdO into CuO,the Cu_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)-O catalyst achieves a 1..3-fold enhancement for CO selectivity in comparison with CuO,and a CO faradic efficiency nearly 90%with a current density around20 mA cm^(-2)could maintain at least 60 ***,a wide CO/H_(2)ratio(0.07-1.)is reached on Cu_(x)Cd_(1.x)-O catalysts by varying the Cu/Cd ratio,demonstrating the potential of syngas production using such *** results of ex situ XRD,XPS,and in situ Raman reveal that the real active sites of Cu_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)-O catalysts for CO production during ECR reaction are the reconstructed mixed phases of CuCd alloy and CdCO_(3).In situ FTIR and theoretical calculations further implicate the presence of Cd related species promotes the CO desorption and inhibits the H_(2)evolution,thus leading to an enhanced CO generation.

关键词： CO_(2)reduction Cu-Cd bimetallic Real active sites CO production

Reasonable design a high-entropy garnet-type solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第9期96卷 414-423页

作者： Shiyu Yu Yandi Li Jiaxin Luo Daming Chen Liang Yang Yaqing Wei De Li Yuanxun Li Yong Chen state {1. laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea School of Materials Science and EngineeringHainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti ResourcesHainan UniversityHaikou 570228HainanChina state {1. laboratory of Electronic Thin Films1.d Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054SichuanChina Guangdong key {1. for Hydrogen Energy Technologies School of Materials Science and Hydrogen EnergyFoshan UniversityFoshan 528000GuangdongChina

Traditional garnet solid electrolyte(Li_(7)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(1.))suffers from low room temperature ionic conductivity,poor air stability,high sintering temperature and energy *** the development prospects of high-entropy materials with high structural disorder and strong component controllability in the field of electrochemical energy storage,herein,a novel high-entropy garnet-type oxide solid electrolyte,Li_(5.75)Ga_(0.25)La_(3)Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)Sn_(0.5)Nb_(0.5)O_(1.)(LGLZTSNO)was constructed by partially replacing the Li and Zr sites in Li_(7)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(1.)with Ga and Ti/Sn/Nb elements,*** experimental and density functional theory(DFT)calculation results show that the high-entropy LGLZTSNO electrolyte has preferable room temperature ion conductivity,air stability,interface contact performance with lithium anode,and the ability to suppress lithium *** to the improvement of electrolyte performance,the critical current density of Li/Ag@LGLZTSNO/Li symmetric cell was increased from 0.42 to 1.57 mA cm^(−2),and the interface area specific impedance(IASR)was reduced from 765.2 to 42.3Ωcm^(2).Meanwhile,the Li/Ag@LGLZTSNO/LFP full cell also exhibits excellent rate performance and cycling performance(1.8 mA h g^(−1.at 0.1.C and 1.4 mA h g^(−1.at 0.5 C,capacity retention up to 84.8%after 1.0 cycles at 0.1.C),showing the application prospects of high-entropy LGLZTSNO solid electrolyte in high-performance all solid {1. lithium batteries.

关键词： Garnet solid electrolyte Dual-site substitution High-entropy all solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)

Immunomodulatory Function of Pien Tze Huang in T Cell-Mediated Anti-tumor Activity against B1.-F1.,MC38 and Hep1.6 Tumor Models

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第4期30卷 348-358页

作者： FU Yu-bing LIU Chen-feng WANG Jin-jia JI Xiao-lin TANG Rong-han LIAO Kun-yu CHEN Ling-yue HONG Ya-zhen FAN Bin-bin WANG Shi-cong LIU Wen-Hsien state {1. laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Life ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian Province(361102)China Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise key {1. of Natural Medicine Research and development ZhangzhouFujian Province(363000)China

Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effects of Pien Tze Huang(PZH)in mouse models of B1.–F1. melanoma,MC38 colorectal cancer,Hep1.6 hepatocellular carcinoma and chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma *** Various tumor models,including B1.–F1.,MC38 and Hep1.6 tumor hypodermic inoculation models,B1.–F1. and Hep1.6 pulmonary metastasis models,Hep1.6 orthotopic implantation model,and chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma model,were utilized to evaluate the anti-tumor function of *** growth was assessed by measuring tumor size and weight of solid tumors isolated from C57BL/6 *** cell proliferation and death of tumor cells in vitro,as well as T cell activation markers,cytokine production and immune checkpoints analysis,single-cell suspensions were prepared from mouse spleen,lymph nodes,and tumors after PZH *** PZH demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth(P1..Treatment with PZH resulted in a reduction in tumor size in subcutaneous MC38 colon adenocarcinoma and B1.–F1. melanoma models,and decreased pulmonary metastasis of B1.–F1. melanoma and Hep1.6 hepatoma(P1..However,in vitro experiments showed that PZH only had slight impact on the cell proliferation and survival of tumor cells(P>0.05).Nevertheless,PZH exhibited a remarkable ability to enhance T cell activation and the production of interferon gamma,tumor necrosis factor alpha,and interleukin 2 in CD4^(+)T cells in vitro(P1.or P1.or P<0.05).Conclusion This study has confirmed a novel immunomodulatory function of PZH in T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity,indicating that PZH holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.

关键词： Pien Tze Huang metastasis anti-tumor immunity T cell activation T cell exhaustion immune checkpoints Chinese medicine

Perfluorinated iodine alkanes promote the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells by regulating estrogen receptor signaling

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 443-454页

作者： Zhihua Ren Xiaoxi Yang Tingting Ku Qian S.Liu Jiefeng Liang Qunfang Zhou Francesco Faiola Guibin Jiang state {1. laboratory of environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China College of Resources and environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of environment and Resource Research Center of Environment and HealthShanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China College of Sino-Danish University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Investigating the development toxicity of perfuorinated iodine alkanes(PFIs)is critical,given their estrogenic effects through binding with estrogen receptors(ERs).In the present study,two PFIs,including dodecafuoro-1.6-diiodohexane(PFHx DI)and tridecafuorohexyl iodide(PFHx I),with binding preference to ERαand ERβ,respectively,were selected to evaluate their effects on proliferation and differentiation of the mouse embryonic stem cells(m ESCs).The results revealed that,similar to E_(2),50μmol/L PFHx DI accelerated the cell proliferation of the m *** PFI stimulation at the exposure concentrations of 2–50μmol/L promoted the differentiation of the m ESCs as characterized by the upregulation of differentiation-related biomarkers(i.e.,Otx2 and Dnmt3β)and downregulation of pluripotency genes(i.e.,Oct4,Nanog,Sox2,Prdm1. and Rex1..Comparatively,PFHx DI exhibited higher induction effect on the differentiation of the m ESCs than did PFHx *** tests on ER signaling indicated that both PFI compounds induced exposure concentration-dependent expressions of ER signaling-related biomarkers(i.e.,ERα,ERβand Caveolin-1.in the m ESCs,and the downstream ER responsive genes(i.e.,c-fos,c-myc and c-jun)well responded to PFHx I *** role of ER in PFI-induced effects on the m ESCs was further validated by the antagonistic experiments using an ER inhibitor(ICI).The findings demonstrated that PFIs triggered ER signaling,and perturbed the differentiation program of the m ESCs,causing the potential health risk during early stage of development.

关键词： Perfuorinated iodine alkanes(PFIs) Embryonic stem cells(ESCs) developmental toxicity Cell differentiation Estrogen receptor-related signaling

The MYB transcription factor OsMYBxoc1.regulates resistance to Xoc by directly repressing transcription of the iron transport gene OsNRAMP5 in rice

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Plant Communications 2024年第6期5卷 230-245页

作者： Haimiao Zhang Baolong Sun Wei Wu Yang Li Ziyi Yin Chongchong Lu Haipeng Zhao Lingguang Kong Xinhua Ding state {1. laboratory of Crop Biology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyCollege of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018China

Bacterial leaf streak caused by Xanthomonas oryzae ***(Xoc)is a continuous threat to rice cultivation,leading to substantial yield losses with socioeconomic *** ions are essential mineral nutrients for plant growth,but little information is available on how they influence mechanisms of rice immunity against ***,we investigated the role of the myeloblastosis-related(MYB)transcriptional repressor OsMYBxoc1.in modulation of rice resistance through control of iron ion *** of OsMYBxoc1.significantly increased rice resistance,whereas OsMYBxoc1.RNA-interference lines and knockout mutants showed the opposite *** of OsMYBxoc1.expression dampened the immune response induced by pathogen-associated molecular *** demonstrated that OsMYBxoc1.binds specifically to the OsNRAMP5 promoter and represses transcription of ***5,a negative regulator of rice resistance to bacterial leaf streak,possesses metal ion transport activity,and inhibition of OsMYBxoc1.expression increased the iron ion content in *** of the iondependent H2O2 scavenging enzyme catalase was increased in plants with suppressed expression of OsMYBxoc1.or overexpression of *** found that iron ions promoted Xoc infection and interfered with the production of reactive oxygen species induced by *** type Ⅲ effector XopAK directly inhibited OsMYBxoc1.transcription,indicating that the pathogen may promote its own proliferation by relieving restriction of iron ion transport in *** addition,iron complemented the pathogenicity defects of the RS1.5_DXopAK mutant strain,further confirming that iron utilization by Xoc may be dependent upon *** conclusion,our study reveals a novel mechanism by which OsMYBxoc1.modulates rice resistance by regulating iron accumulation and demonstrates that Xoc can accumulate iron ions by secreting the effector XopAK to promote its own infection.

关键词： pathogen effector plant immunity bacterial leaf streak metal ion

CAS-ESM2.0 Dataset for the Carbon Dioxide Removal Model Intercomparison Project(CDRMIP)

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第5期41卷 989-1000页

作者： Jiangbo JIN Duoying JI Xiao DONG Kece FEI Run GUO Juanxiong HE Yi YU Zhaoyang CHAI He ZHANG Dongling ZHANG Kangjun CHEN Qingcun ZENG International Center for Climate and environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China state {1. laboratory of Satellite Ocean environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China state {1. laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology College of Global Change and Earth System ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China state {1. laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Understanding the response of the Earth system to varying concentrations of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is critical for projecting possible future climate change and for providing insight into mitigation and adaptation strategies in the near *** this study,we generate a dataset by conducting an experiment involving carbon dioxide removal(CDR)—a potential way to suppress global warming—using the Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model version 2.0(CASESM2.0).A preliminary evaluation is *** model is integrated from 200–340 years as a 1.yr^(−1. CO_(2) concentration increase experiment,and then to~478 years as a carbon dioxide removal experiment until CO_(2) returns to its original ***,another 80 years is integrated in which CO_(2) is kept *** in the 2-m temperature,precipitation,sea surface temperature,ocean temperature,Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC),and sea surface height are all *** the ramp-up period,the global mean 2-m temperature and precipitation both increase while the AMOC *** of all the above variables change in the opposite direction in the ramp-down period,with a delayed peak relative to the CO_(2) *** CO_(2) returns to its original value,the global mean 2-m temperature is still~1.K higher than in the original state,and precipitation is~0.07 mm d^(–1. *** the end of the simulation,there is a~0.5°C increase in ocean temperature and a 1.Sv weakening of the *** model simulation produces similar results to those of comparable experiments previously reported in the literature.

关键词： CAS-ESM2.0 CDRMIP carbon dioxide removal AMOC temperature precipitation sea surface height