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Impact of effective stress on permeability for carbonate fractured-vuggy rocks

Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第3期16卷 942-960页

作者： Ke Sun Huiqing Liu Juliana Y.Leung Jing Wang Yabin Feng Renjie Liu Zhijiang Kang Yun Zhang State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China School of Mining&petroleum Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonT6G 1H9Canada SINOPEC petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing100083China

To gain insight into the flow mechanisms and stress sensitivity for fractured-vuggy reservoirs,several core models with different structural characteristics were designed and fabricated to investigate the impact of effective stress on permeability for carbonate fractured-vuggy rocks(CFVR).It shows that the permeability performance curves under different pore and confining pressures(*** stress conditions)for the fractured core models and the vuggy core models have similar change *** ranges of permeability variation are significantly wider at high pore pressures,indicating that permeability reduction is the most significant during the early stage of development for fractured-vuggy *** each obtained effective stress coefficient for permeability(ESCP)varies with the changes in confining pressure and pore pressure,the effective stresses for permeability of four representative CFVR show obvious nonlinear characteristics,and the variation ranges of ESCP are all between 0 and ***,a comprehensive ESCP mathematical model considering triple media,including matrix pores,fractures,and dissolved vugs,was *** is proved theoretically that the ESCP of CFVR generally varies between 0 and ***,the regression results showed that the power model ranked highest among the four empirical models mainly applied in stress sensitivity characterization,followed by the logarithmic model,exponential model,and binomial *** concept of“permeability decline rate”was introduced to better evaluate the stress sensitivity performance for CFVR,in which the one-fracture rock is the strongest,followed by the fracture-vug rock and two-horizontalfracture rock;the through-hole rock is the *** general,this study provides a theoretical basis to guide the design of development and adjustment programs for carbonate fractured-vuggy reservoirs.

关键词： Effective stress Permeability Carbonate fractured-vuggy rocks Structure characteristics Stress sensitivity

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A novel method for quantitatively identifying driving forces and evaluating their contributions to oil and gas accumulation

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第4期15卷 28-40页

作者： Bo Pang Xiongqi Pang Caijun Li Zhangxing Chen Huiyi Xiao Suyun Hu Siyu Zhang Lei Wang Yaoxi Sun Min Li Shasha Hui College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Chemical and petroleum Engineering Schulich School of EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4Canada petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute CNPCBeijing 100083China

Different driving forces govern the formation of distinct types of oil and gas accumulation and yield diverse oil and gas *** oil and gas reservoirs in basins are commonly formed by the combination of multiple *** is very difficult but essential to identify driving forces and evaluate their contributions in predicting the type and distribution of oil and gas *** this study,a novel method is proposed to identify driving forces and evaluate their contribution based on the critical conditions of porosity and permeability corresponding to buoyancy-driven hydrocarbon accumulation depth(BHAD).The application of this method to the Nanpu Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin shows that all oil and gas accumulations in the reservoirs are jointly formed by four driving forces:buoyance(Ⅰ),non-buoyance(Ⅱ),tectonic stress(Ⅲ1.and geofluid activity(Ⅲ2).Their contributions to all proven reserves are approxi-mately 63.8%,1..2%,2.9%,and 1..0%,*** contribution of the driving forces is related to the depth,distance to faults and unconformity *** dominates the formation of conven-tional reservoirs above BHAD,non-buoyant dominate the formation of unconventional reservoirs below BHAD,tectonic stress dominates the formation of fractured reservoirs within 300 m of a fault,and geoflu-ids activity dominates the formation of vuggy reservoirs within 1.0 m of an unconformity surface.

关键词： Driving forces Dynamic mechanisms Buoyancy-driven hydrocarbon accumulation depth Unconventional oil and gas Resources evaluation

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Synergistic anionic/zwitterionic mixed surfactant system with high emulsification efficiency for enhanced oil recovery in low permeability reservoirs

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petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 936-950页

作者： Hai-Rong Wu Rong Tan Shi-Ping Hong Qiong Zhou Bang-Yu Liu Jia-Wei Chang Tian-Fang Luan Ning Kang Ji-Rui Hou National Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing102249China Unconventional petroleum Research Institute China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing102249China Gas Production Plant 5 of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company PetroChinaXi'an710000ShaanxiChina College of petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing102249China College of Science China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing102249China Kazakh-British Technical university Almaty050000Kazakhstan

Emulsification is one of the important mechanisms of surfactant flooding. To improve oil recovery for low permeability reservoirs, a highly efficient emulsification oil flooding system consisting of anionic surfactant sodium alkyl glucosyl hydroxypropyl sulfonate(APGSHS) and zwitterionic surfactant octadecyl betaine(BS-1.) is proposed. The performance of APGSHS/BS-1. mixed surfactant system was evaluated in terms of interfacial tension, emulsification capability, emulsion size and distribution, wettability alteration, temperature-resistance and salt-resistance. The emulsification speed was used to evaluate the emulsification ability of surfactant systems, and the results show that mixed surfactant systems can completely emulsify the crude oil into emulsions droplets even under low energy conditions. Meanwhile,the system exhibits good temperature and salt resistance. Finally, the best oil recovery of 25.45% is achieved for low permeability core by the mixed surfactant system with a total concentration of 0.3 wt%while the molar ratio of APGSHS:BS-1. is 4:6. The current study indicates that the anionic/zwitterionic mixed surfactant system can improve the oil flooding efficiency and is potential candidate for application in low permeability reservoirs.

关键词： Anionic/zwitterionic mixed surfactant system Emulsification Synergistic effect Low permeability reservoir Enhanced oil recovery

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An adaptive physics-informed deep learning method for pore pressure prediction using seismic data

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petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 885-902页

作者： Xin Zhang Yun-Hu Lu Yan Jin Mian Chen Bo Zhou State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China College of petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China College of Artificial Intelligence China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company KorlaXinjiang841000China

Accurate prediction of formation pore pressure is essential to predict fluid flow and manage hydrocarbon production in petroleum *** deep learning technique has been receiving more interest due to the great potential to deal with pore pressure ***,most of the traditional deep learning models are less efficient to address generalization *** fill this technical gap,in this work,we developed a new adaptive physics-informed deep learning model with high generalization capability to predict pore pressure values directly from seismic ***,the new model,named CGP-NN,consists of a novel parametric features extraction approach(1.CPP),a stacked multilayer gated recurrent model(multilayer GRU),and an adaptive physics-informed loss *** machine training,the developed model can automatically select the optimal physical model to constrain the results for each pore pressure *** CGP-NN model has the best generalization when the physicsrelated metricλ=0.5.A hybrid approach combining Eaton and Bowers methods is also proposed to build machine-learnable labels for solving the problem of few *** validate the developed model and methodology,a case study on a complex reservoir in Tarim Basin was further performed to demonstrate the high accuracy on the pore pressure prediction of new wells along with the strong generalization *** adaptive physics-informed deep learning approach presented here has potential application in the prediction of pore pressures coupled with multiple genesis mechanisms using seismic data.

关键词： Pore pressure prediction Seismic data 1. convolution pyramid pooling Adaptive physics-informed loss function High generalization capability

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A stable staggered-grid finite-difference scheme for acoustic modeling beyond conventional stability limit

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petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 182-194页

作者： Jing-Yi Xu Yang Liu National Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China China university of {1.(Beijing) Karamay CampusKaramay 834000XinjiangChina

Staggered-grid finite-difference(SGFD)schemes have been widely used in acoustic wave modeling for geophysical *** improved methods are proposed to enhance the accuracy of numerical ***,these methods are inevitably limited by the maximum Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)numbers,making them unstable when modeling with large time sampling intervals or small grid *** solve this problem,we extend a stable SGFD scheme by controlling SGFD dispersion relations and maximizing the maximum CFL ***,to improve modeling stability,we minimize the error between the FD dispersion relation and the exact relation in the given wave-number region,and make the FD dispersion approach a given function outside the given wave-number area,thus breaking the conventional limits of the maximum CFL ***,to obtain high modeling accuracy,we use the SGFD scheme based on the Remez algorithm to compute the FD *** addition,the hybrid absorbing boundary condition is adopted to suppress boundary reflections and we find a suitable weighting coefficient for the proposed *** derivation and numerical modeling demonstrate that the proposed scheme can maintain high accuracy in the modeling process and the value of the maximum CFL number of the proposed scheme can exceed that of the conventional SGFD scheme when adopting a small maximum effective wavenumber,indicating that the proposed scheme improves stability during the modeling.

关键词： Acoustic wave Staggered-grid finite-difference(SGFD) modeling Courant-friedrichs-lewy(CFL)number Stability

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A new interacting capillary bundle model on the multiphase flow in micropores of tight rocks

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petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1099-1112页

作者： Wen-Quan Deng Tian-Bo Liang Wen-Zhong Wang Hao Liu Jun-Lin Wu Fu-Jian Zhou National Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China

Surfactants are widely used in the fracturing fluid to enhance the imbibition and thus the oil recovery rate. However, current numerical models cannot capture the physics behind capillary imbibition during the wettability alteration by surfactants. Although the interacting capillary bundle(ICB) model shows potential in characterizing imbibition rates in different pores during wettability alteration, the existing ICB models neglect the influence of wettability and viscosity ratio on the imbibition behavior, making it difficult to accurately describe the oil-water imbibition behavior within the porous media. In this work,a new ICB mathematical model is established by introducing pressure balance without assuming the position of the leading front to comprehensively describe the imbibition behavior in a porous medium under different conditions, including gas-liquid spontaneous imbibition and oil-water *** the pore size distribution of a tight rock is known, this new model can predict the changes of water saturation during the displacement process in the tight rock, and also determine the imbibition rate in pores of different sizes. The water saturation profiles obtained from the new model are validated against the waterflooding simulation results from the CMG, while the imbibition rates calculated by the model are validated against the experimental observations of gas-liquid spontaneous imbibition. The good match above indicates the newly proposed model can show the water saturation profile at a macroscopic scale while capture the underlying physics of the multiphase flow in a porous medium at a microscopic scale. Simulation results obtained from this model indicate that both wettability and viscosity ratio can affect the sequence of fluid imbibition into pores of different sizes during the multiphase flow, where less-viscous wetting fluid is preferentially imbibed into larger pores while more-viscous wetting fluid tends to be imbibed into smaller pores. Fur

关键词： Imbibition Multiphase flow Tight rock Interacting capillary bundle model Wettability

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Borehole stability in naturally fractured rocks with drilling mud intrusion and associated fracture strength weakening:A coupled DFN-DEM approach

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第5期16卷 1565-1581页

作者： Yaoran Wei Yongcun Feng Zhenlai Tan Tianyu Yang Xiaorong Li Zhiyue Dai Jingen Deng College of petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing)Beijing102249China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum (Beijing)Beijing102249China College of Safety and Ocean Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China

Borehole instability in naturally fractured rocks poses significant challenges to *** mud invades the surrounding formations through natural fractures under the difference between the wellbore pressure(P w)and pore pressure(P p)during drilling,which may cause wellbore ***,the weakening of fracture strength due to mud intrusion is not considered in most existing borehole stability analyses,which may yield significant errors and misleading *** addition,only limited factors were analyzed,and the fracture distribution was *** this paper,the impacts of mud intrusion and associated fracture strength weakening on borehole stability in fractured rocks under both isotropic and anisotropic stress states are investigated using a coupled DEM(distinct element method)and DFN(discrete fracture network)*** provides estimates of the effect of fracture strength weakening,wellbore pressure,in situ stresses,and sealing efficiency on borehole *** results show that mud intrusion and weakening of fracture strength can damage the *** is demonstrated by the large displacement around the borehole,shear displacement on natural fractures,and the generation of fracture at shear *** intrusion reduces the shear strength of the fracture surface and leads to shear failure,which explains that the increase in mud weight may worsen borehole stability during overbalanced drilling in fractured formations.A higher in situ stress anisotropy exerts a significant influence on the mechanism of shear failure distribution around the ***,the effect of sealing natural fractures on maintaining borehole stability is verified in this study,and the increase in sealing efficiency reduces the radial invasion distance of drilling *** study provides a directly quantitative prediction method of borehole instability in naturally fractured formations,which can consider the discrete fracture network,mud intrusion,and as

关键词： Borehole stability Naturally fractured rocks Weakening of fracture strength Discrete fracture network Distinct element method

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Pressure transient characteristics of non-uniform conductivity fractured wells in viscoelasticity polymer flooding based on oil-water two-phase flow

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petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 343-351页

作者： Yang Wang Jia Zhang Shi-Long Yang Ze-Xuan Xu Shi-Qing Cheng National Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China

Polymer flooding in fractured wells has been extensively applied in oilfields to enhance oil *** contrast to water,polymer solution exhibits non-Newtonian and nonlinear behavior such as effects of shear thinning and shear thickening,polymer convection,diffusion,adsorption retention,inaccessible pore volume and reduced effective ***,the flux density and fracture conductivity along the hydraulic fracture are generally non-uniform due to the effects of pressure distribution,formation damage,and proppant *** this paper,we present an oil-water two-phase flow model that captures these complex non-Newtonian and nonlinear behavior,and non-uniform fracture characteristics in fractured polymer *** hydraulic fracture is firstly divided into two parts:high-conductivity fracture near the wellbore and low-conductivity fracture in the far-wellbore section.A hybrid grid system,including perpendicular bisection(PEBI)and Cartesian grid,is applied to discrete the partial differential flow equations,and the local grid refinement method is applied in the near-wellbore region to accurately calculate the pressure distribution and shear rate of polymer *** combination of polymer behavior characterizations and numerical flow simulations are applied,resulting in the calculation for the distribution of water saturation,polymer concentration and reservoir *** with the polymer flooding well with uniform fracture conductivity,this non-uniform fracture conductivity model exhibits the larger pressure difference,and the shorter bilinear flow period due to the decrease of fracture flow ability in the far-wellbore *** field case of the fall-off test demonstrates that the proposed method characterizes fracture characteristics more accurately,and yields fracture half-lengths that better match engineering reality,enabling a quantitative segmented characterization of the near-wellbore section with high fracture conductivity and th

关键词： Polymer flooding Non-Newtonian fluid Non-uniform fracture conductivity Two-phase flow Pressure transient analysis

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Effects of acid-rock reaction on physical properties during CO_(2)-rich industrial waste gas(CO_(2)-rich IWG)injection in shale reservoirs

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petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 272-285页

作者： Yi-Fan Wang Jing Wang Hui-Qing Liu Xiao-Cong Lv Ze-Min Ji National Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China MOE Key Laboratory of petroleum Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing100083China

"Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality"is an essential national strategy,and the geological storage and utilization of CO_(2)is a hot issue ***,due to the scarcity of pure CO_(2)gas sources in China and the high cost of CO_(2)capture,CO_(2)-rich industrial waste gas(CO_(2)-rich IWG)is gradually emerging into the public's ***_(2)has good adsorption properties on shale surfaces,but acidic gases can react with shale,so the mechanism of the CO_(2)-rich IWG-water-shale reaction and the change in reservoir properties will determine the stability of geological ***,based on the mineral composition of the Longmaxi Formation shale,this study constructs a thermodynamic equilibrium model of water-rock reactions and simulates the regularity of reactions between CO_(2)-rich IWG and shale *** results indicate that CO_(2)consumed 1.%after reaction,and impurity gases in the CO_(2)-rich IWG can be dissolved entirely,thus demonstrating the feasibility of treating IWG through water-rock *** IWG inhibits the dissolution of CO_(2),the optimal composition of CO_(2)-rich IWG is 95%CO_(2)and 5%IWG when CO_(2)geological storage is the main *** contrast,when the main goal is the geological storage of total CO_(2)-rich IWG or impurity gas,the optimal CO_(2)-rich IWG composition is 50%CO_(2)and 50%*** the CO_(2)-rich IWG-water-shale reaction,temperature has less influence on the water-rock reaction,while pressure is the most important ***2 has the greatest impact on water-rock reaction in *** minerals,clay minerals such as illite and montmorillonite had a significant effect on water-rock *** overall reaction is dominated by precipitation and the volume of the rock skeleton has increased by 0.74 cm3,resulting in a decrease in shale porosity,which enhances the stability of CO_(2)geological storage to some *** the reaction between CO_(2)-rich IWG-water-shale at simulated temperatures and pressures,precipitation

关键词： CO_(2)-rich industrial waste gas Geological storage Acid-rock reaction Shale Geochemical modelling

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Fractal model of spontaneous imbibition in low-permeability reservoirs coupled with heterogeneity of pore seepage channels and threshold pressure

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petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1002-1017页

作者： Ming-Sheng Zuo Hao Chen Xi-Liang Liu Hai-Peng Liu Yi Wu Xin-Yu Qi National Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China College of Safety and Ocean Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China

Spontaneous imbibition(SI)is an important mechanism for enhancing oil recovery in low-permeability *** to the strong heterogeneity,and the non-Darcy flow,the construction of SI model for lowpermeability reservoirs is extremely ***,traditional SI models based on single or averaged capillary tortuosity ignore the influence of heterogeneity of pore seepage channels and the threshold pressure(TP)on ***,in this work,based on capillary model and fractal theory,a mathematical model of characterizing SI considering heterogeneity of pore seepage channels is *** this basis,the threshold pressure was introduced to determine the pore radius at which the wetted phase can displace *** proposed new SI model was verified by imbibition experimental *** study shows that for weakly heterogeneous cores with permeability of 0-1.m D,the traditional SI model can characterize the imbibition process relatively accurately,and the new imbibition model can increase the coefficient of determination by 1.05 ***,traditional model has serious deviations in predicting the imbibition recovery for cores with permeability of 1.-50 m *** new SI model coupling with heterogeneity of pore seepage channels and threshold pressure effectively solves this problem,and the determination coefficient is increased from 0.344 to 0.922,which is increased by2.68 *** low-permeability reservoirs,the production of the oil in transitional pores(0.01.0.1.m)and mesopores(0.1.1.m)significantly affects the imbibition recovery,as the research shows that when the heterogeneity of pore seepage channels is ignored,the oil recovery in transitional pores and mesopores decreases by 7.54%and 4.26%,*** analysis shows that increasing interfacial tension,decreasing contact angle,oil-water viscosity ratio and threshold pressure will increase imbibition *** addition,there are critical values for the influence of these factors o

关键词： Spontaneous imbibition Low-permeability reservoir Fractal model Threshold pressure Capillary tube

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