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Edge effect during microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition diamond-film:Multiphysics simulation and experimental verification

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第10期31卷 2287-2299页

作者： Zhiliang Yang Kang An Yuchen Liu Zhijian Guo Siwu Shao Jinlong Liu Junjun Wei Liangxian Chen Lishu Wu Chengming Li Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing 100144China Shunde Innovation School University of Science and Technology BeijingFoshan 528399China national Key {1. of Solid-State Microwave Devices and Circuits The 55th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group CorporationNanjing 210016China

This study focused on the investigation of the edge effect of diamond films deposited by microwave plasma chemical vapor *** bulge height△h is a factor that affects the edge effect,and it was used to simulate plasma and guide the diamond-film deposition ***-element software COMSOL Multiphysics was used to construct a multiphysics(electromagnetic,plasma,and fluid heat transfer fields)coupling model based on electron collision *** spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were performed to characterize the experimental growth and validate the *** simulation results reflected the experimental trends *** discharge at the edge of the substrate accelerated due to the increase in△h(△h=0-3 mm),and the values of electron density(n_(c)),molar concentration of H(C_(H)),and molar concentration of CH_(3)(C_(CH_(3)))doubled at the edge(for the special concave sample with△h=−1.mm,the active chemical groups exhibited a decreased molar concentration at the edge of the substrate).At=0-3 mm,a high diamond growth rate and a large diamond grain size were observed at the edge of the substrate,and their values increased *** uniformity of film thickness decreased *** Raman spectra of all samples revealed the first-order characteristic peak of dia-mond near 1.32 cm^(−1..When△h=−1.mm,tensile stress occurred in all regions of the ***△h=1.3 mm,all areas in the film ex-hibited compressive stress.

关键词： microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition edge discharge plasma diamond film

Tumor-derived exosomes induce initial activation by exosomal CD1. antigen but impair the function of CD1.-specific CAR T-cells via TGF-βsignaling

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Frontiers of Medicine 2024年第1期18卷 128-146页

作者： Yuanyuan Hao Panpan Chen Shanshan Guo Mengyuan Li Xueli Jin Minghuan Zhang Wenhai Deng Ping Li Wen Lei Aibin Liang Wenbin Qian Department of Hematology The Second Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310009China Department of Hematology Henan Provincial People’s HospitalZhengzhou University People’s HospitalZhengzhou450003China Key laboratory of laboratory Medicine Ministry of EducationSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China Department of Hematology Tongji Hospital of Tongji UniversityShanghai200065China

Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) enriched in immune suppressive molecules predominantly drive T-cell dysfunction and impair antitumor immunity. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment for refractory and relapsed hematological malignancies, but whether lymphoma TEXs have the same impact on CAR T-cell remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that B-cell lymphoma-derived exosomes induce the initial activation of CD1.-CAR T-cells upon stimulation with exosomal CD1.. However, lymphoma TEXs might subsequently induce CAR T-cell apoptosis and impair the tumor cytotoxicity of the cells because of the upregulated expression of the inhibitory receptors PD-1. TIM3, and LAG3 upon prolonged exposure. Similar results were observed in the CAR T-cells exposed to plasma exosomes from patients with lymphoma. More importantly, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that CAR T-cells typically showed differentiated phenotypes and regulatory T-cell (Treg) phenotype conversion. By blocking transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-Smad3 signaling with TGF-β inhibitor LY21.9761. the negative effects of TEXs on Treg conversion, terminal differentiation, and immune checkpoint expression were rescued. Collectively, although TEXs lead to the initial activation of CAR T-cells, the effect of TEXs suppressed CAR T-cells, which can be rescued by LY21.9761. A treatment regimen combining CAR T-cell therapy and TGF-β inhibitors might be a novel therapeutic strategy for refractory and relapsed B-cell lymphoma.

关键词： tumor-derived exosome chimeric antigen receptor T-cell lymphoma TGF-β

Grain growth behavior and properties of high-entropy pseudobrookite(Mg,Co,Ni,Zn)Ti_(2)O_(5) ceramics

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第6期13卷 757-768页

作者： Xiaohui Ma Jinyu Wu Lingyi Meng Jinfeng Zhang Heng Chen Liwen Yan Anran Guo Jiachen Liu Key laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Xiamen Key laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstitutesChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

It is well known that the grain size of high-entropy ceramics is quite small owing to the sluggish diffusion effect. However, abnormal grain growth often occurs in high-entropy pseudobrookite ceramics, ultimately resulting in the formation of many abnormally grown grains with a grain size as large as 50 μm. To study this phenomenon, the grain growth behavior of high-entropy pseudobrookite ceramics was systematically investigated in this paper. The results demonstrate that the starting material powders first react with each other to form a high-entropy intermediate phase and calcined TiO_(2) powders (TiO_(2)-1.00 ℃), and then as the sintering temperature increases, the formed high-entropy intermediate phase further reacts with TiO_(2)-1.00 ℃ to form high-entropy pseudobrookite ceramics. Thus, in this system, in addition to the sluggish diffusion effect, the grain sizes of the high-entropy intermediate phase and TiO_(2)-1.00 ℃ also affect the morphology of high-entropy pseudobrookite. Compared to nanosized TiO_(2), micron-sized TiO_(2) has a lower sintering activity. Therefore, the high-entropy intermediate phases (Mg,Co,Ni,Zn)TiO_(3) and TiO_(2)-1.00 ℃ prepared with micron-sized starting materials exhibit lower grain sizes, finally resulting in the formation of high-entropy (Mg,Co,Ni,Zn)Ti_(2)O_(5) with small grain sizes. Moreover, nano-indentation and thermal conductivity tests were carried out on high-entropy (Mg,Co,Ni,Zn)Ti_(2)O_(5) with different morphologies. The results show that the hardness of high-entropy (Mg,Co,Ni,Zn)Ti_(2)O_(5) increases from 6.05 to 9.95 GPa as the grain size increases, whereas the thermal conductivity decreases from 2.091.0.006 to 1.583±0.006 W·m^(−1.·K^(−1.. All these results indicate that high-entropy (Mg,Co,Ni,Zn)Ti_(2)O_(5) with a small grain size is a potential material for thermal protection.

关键词： grain size sluggish diffusion effect two-step solid phase process high-entropy intermediate phase high-entropy pseudobrookite ceramic

Tribological properties of PTFE-based fabric composites at cryogenic temperature

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Friction 2024年第2期12卷 245-257页

作者： Mingkun XU Zidan WANG Lihe GUO Liming TAO Tianbao MA Tingmei WANG Qihua WANG Key laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China State Key laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Fabric composites are widely employed in self-lubricating bearing liners as solid lubrication *** the tribological behaviors of fabric composites have been extensively studied,the cryogenic tribological properties and mechanisms have been scarcely reported and are largely unclear to instruct material design for aerospace and other high-tech ***,the tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)-based hybrid-fabric composites were investigated at cryogenic and ambient temperatures in the form of pin-on-disk friction under heavy *** results suggest that the friction coefficients of the hybrid-fabric composites obviously increase with a decrease in wear when the temperature drops from 25 to−1.0°***,thermoplastic polyetherimide(PEI),as an adhesive for fabric composites,has better cryogenic lubrication performance than thermosetting phenol formaldehyde(PF)resin,which can be attributed to the flexible chemical structure of *** excellent lubrication performance of hybrid-fabric composites is attributed to the transfer film formed by PTFE fibers on the surface of fabrics.

关键词： cryogenic temperatures fabric composites friction and wear transfer film

Properties and Characteristics of Regolith-Based Materials for Extraterrestrial Construction

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 159-181页

作者： Cheng Zhou Yuyue Gao Yan Zhou Wei She Yusheng Shi Lieyun Ding Changwen Miao national Center of Technology Innovation for Digital Construction Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Materials Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 214135China State Key laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

The construction of extraterrestrial bases has become a new goal in the active exploration of deep *** the construction techniques,in situ resource-based construction is one of the most promising because of its good sustainability and acceptable economic cost,triggering the development of various types of extraterrestrial construction materials.A comprehensive survey and comparison of materials from the perspective of performance was conducted to provide suggestions for material selection and *** types of typical construction materials are discussed in terms of their reliability and applicability in extreme extraterrestrial ***,thermal and optical,and radiation-shielding properties are *** influencing factors and optimization methods for these properties are *** the perspective of material properties,the existing challenges lie in the comprehensive,long-term,and real characterization of regolith-based construction ***,the suggested future directions include the application of high-throughput characterization methods,accelerated durability tests,and conducting extraterrestrial experiments.

关键词： Extraterrestrial construction Characterization Mechanical property Thermal property Optical property Radiation-shielding

Brain-inspired dual-pathway neural network architecture and its generalization analysis

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 2319-2330页

作者： DONG SongLin TAN ChengLi ZUO ZhenTao HE YuHang GONG YiHong ZHOU TianGang LIU JunMin ZHANG JiangShe College of Artiﬁcial Intelligence Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China State Key laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute of Artiﬁcial Intelligence Hefei Comprehensive National Science CenterHefei 230088China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

In this study, we explored the neural mechanism of global topological perception in the human visual system. We showed strong evidence that the retinotectal pathway in the archicortex of the human brain is responsible for global topological perception, and for modulating the local feature processing in the classical ventral visual pathway. Inspired by this recent cognitive discovery,we developed a novel CogNet architecture to emulate the global-local dichotomy of human visual cognitive mechanisms. The thorough experimental results indicate that the proposed CogNet not only significantly improves image classification accuracies but also effectively addresses the texture bias problem observed in baseline CNN models. We have also conducted mathematical analysis for the generalization gap for general neural networks. Our theoretical derivations suggest that the Hurst parameter, a measure of the curvature of the loss landscape, can closely bind the generalization gap. A larger Hurst parameter corresponds to a better generalization ability. We found that our proposed CogNet achieves a lower test error and attains a larger Hurst parameter,strengthening its superiority over the baseline CNN models further.

关键词： global topological perception dual-pathway generalization gap analysis Hurst parameter

Effect of initial ammonium concentration on a one-stage partial nitrification/anammox biofilm system:Nitrogen removal performance and the microbial community

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 176-188页

作者： Mengyu Zhou Yun Han Yang Zhuo Fen Yu Gaoyuan Hu Dangcong Peng School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China Shaanxi Key laboratory of Environmental Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China Key laboratory of Northwest Water Resource Environment and EcologyMOEXi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China

One-stage partial nitrification coupled with anammox(PN/A)technology effectively reduces the energy consumption of a biological nitrogen removal *** nitrite-oxidizing bacteria(NOB)is essential for this technology to maintain efficient nitrogen removal *** ammonium concentration(IAC)affects the degree of inhibited *** this study,the effect of the IAC on a PN/A biofilm was investigated in a moving bed biofilm *** results showed that nitrogen removal efficiency decreased from 82.49%±1.90%to 64.57%±3.96%after the IAC was reduced from 60 to 20 mg N/L,while the nitrate production ratio increased from 1..87%±0.90%to 26.50%±3.76%.NOB activity increased to1.1.3.86 mg N/m^(2)/day after the IAC decreased,approximately 4-fold,indicating that the IAC plays an important inhibitory role in *** rate-limiting step in the mature biofilm of the PN/A system is the nitritation process and is not shifted by the *** analysis of the microbial community structure in the biofilm indicates that the IAC was the dominant factor in changes in community *** and *** were the main anammox bacteria,and Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira were the main AOB and NOB,*** did not affect the difference in growth between *** and ***,modulating the IAC promoted the PN/A process with efficient nitrogen removal performance at medium to low ammonium concentrations.

关键词： Biological nitrogen removal Partial nitrification Anammox Ammonium concentration Biofilm

Lesson Learned from COVID-1. Retrospective Study: An Entropy-Based Clinical-Interpretable Scorecard for Mortality Risk Control at ICU Admission

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第1期29卷 34-45页

作者： Chong Yao Chonghui Huangqi Anpeng Huang laboratory of Network Information Security Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Andrew and Erna Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AnglesCA 90089USA Beijing Goodwill Information and Technology Co. Ltd.and Mobile Health LaboratoryPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

With severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spreading globally and causing 201. coronavirus disease(COVID-1.),a challenge that we unprepared for was about how to optimally plan and distribute limited top-medical resources for patients in need of urgent *** address this challenge,physicians desperately needed a scientific tool to methodically differentiate between cases with varying *** this study,the unique data of COVID-1. intensive care unit(ICU)patients provided by the national medical team in Wuhan were classified into discrete and continuous variable *** continuous data were discretized using an entropy-based method and transformed into serial information margins,in which each information margin is related to a specific symptom or clinical ***,all these native and processed discrete data were used to configure a readable scorecard through logistic regression,which is the desired scientific tool aforementioned.A total of 322 ICU patients(age:[median:64,interquartile range:54-75],males:1.8[55.28%],and death:72[22.36%])were included in the *** of mortality in COVID-1. patients can be evaluated using a scorecard model(calibration slope:1.343,Brier:0.048,Dxy=0.972,and population stability index=0.071.,with desired model performances(accuracy=0.948,area under curve=0.99,sensitivity=1.and specificity=0.939).This new model can interpret clinical meanings from complex data,and compare it with existing machine learning methods through a black-box *** new data-information model answers a critical question of how a computing algorithm produces clinically meaningful results that will help physicians logically allocate medical resources for COVID-1. ***,this tool has limitations,giving that this research is a retrospective ***,this tool will be tested further and optimized for adaptation to similar clinical cases in the future.

关键词： COVID-1. scorecard clinical-interpretable machine learning ICU admission control

Constructing multifunctional deep-blue emitters with weak charge transfer excited state for high-performance non-doped blue OLEDs and single-emissive-layer hybrid white OLEDs

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第10期35卷 175-179页

作者： Hui Liu Xiangyang Tang Zhuang Cheng Yin Hu Yan Yan Yangze Xu Zihan Su Futong Liu Ping Lu State Key laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Department of Chemistry Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Sichuan Province Key laboratory of Information Materials and Devices Application College of Optoelectronic EngineeringChengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China

Deep-blue emitter with high photoluminescence efficiency(PLQY)is highly desirable in ultra-high definition displays and white solid-state *** this work,two deep-blue phenanthro[9,1.]imidazole derivatives,PPIS and PPPIS,with hot exciton property are successfully *** to PPIS,the embedded phenyl bridge in PPPIS is able to effectively increase the overlap of frontier molecular *** consequence,PPPIS shows higher oscillator strength and significantly enhanced *** also achieves better electroluminescence performance in non-doped device,showing deep-blue emission with Commission International de l’Eclairage(CIE)coordinates of(0.1.3,0.087)and the maximum external quantum efficiency(EQEmax)of 8.5%with minuscule efficiency ***,when PPPIS serves as the host for phosphor PO-01.high-efficiency orange phosphorescent device is obtained with high EQEmax of 29.8%and negligible efficiency roll-off at 1.00 cd/m^(2).Further,efficient single-emissive-layer white device is assembled via utilizing PPPIS as a blue emitter as well as the host for PO-01.simultaneously,providing warm-white emission with CIE coordinates of(0.429,0.433)at 1.00 cd/m^(2),the forward-viewing EQEmaxof 27.2%and maximum power efficiency(PEmax)of 80.1.lm/W,*** studies can establish a viable design strategy for deep-blue emitters in high-performance non-doped blue OLEDs and hybrid WOLEDs.

关键词： Deep-blue emitters Phenanthroimidazole Hot exciton Host Single-emissive-layer white device