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Coseismic Coulomb stress changes induced by a 2020-2021.M_(W)>7.0 Alaska earthquake sequence in and around the Shumagin gap and its influence on the Alaska-Aleutian subduction interface

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第1期15卷 1-12页

作者： Lei Yang Jianjun Wang Caijun Xu School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China Collaborative Innovation center of Geospatial Technology Wuhan 430079China Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy Ministry of EducationWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China

Three M_(W)>7.0 earthquakes in 2020-2021.occurred in the Shumagin seismic gap and its adjacent area of the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone,including the Mw7.8 Simeonof thrust earthquake on July 22,2020,the M_(W)7.6 Sand Point strike-slip earthquake on October 1.,2020,and the M_(W)8.2 Chignik thrust earthquake on July 29,*** spatial and temporal proximity of these three earthquakes prompts us to probe stress-triggering effects among *** we examine the coseismic Coulomb stress change imparted by the three earthquakes and their influence on the subduction *** results show that:(1.The Simeonof earthquake has strong loading effects on the subsequent Sand Point and Chignik earthquakes,with the Coulomb stress changes of 3.95 bars and 2.89 bars,*** Coulomb stress change caused by the Sand Point earthquake at the hypocenter of the Chignik earthquake is merely around 0.01.bars,suggesting the negligible triggering effect on the latter earthquake;(2)The triggering effects of the Simeonof,Sand Point,and Chignik earthquakes on aftershocks within three months are not well pronounced because of the triggering rates of 38%,1.%,and 43%*** factors may have played an important role in promoting the occurrence of these aftershocks,such as the roughness of the subduction interface,the complicated velocity structure of the lithosphere,and the heterogeneous prestress therein;(3)The three earthquakes caused remarkable coseismic Coulomb stress changes at the subduction interface nearby these mainshocks,with an average Coulomb stress change of 3.2 bars in the shallow region directly inwards the trench.

关键词： The 2020-2021.Alaska earthquake sequence Coseismic Coulomb stress change Mainshock-aftershock triggering The Alaska-Aleutian subduction interface The Shumagin gap

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Episodic fluid movements in superimposed basin:Combined evidence from outcrop and fluid inclusions of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir,Guizhou Province

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 78-87页

作者： XIANG CaiFu1.2,TANG LiangJie1.2,LI RuFeng1.2 & PANG XiongQi1.2 1.Basin and Reservoir Research center,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 1.2249,China 2 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 1.2249,China 1. Basin and Reservoir Research center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China 2. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Combined evidence from the outcrop and the fluid inclusion assemblage (FIA) analysis indicates that there exist two episodes of fluid flow controlled by the tectonic activity. The first episode was recorded mainly in the reservoir rock of the Honghuayuan Formation,representing the fluid flow of hydrocarbon charging. The second episode occurred mainly along the fault systems,representing the fluid move-ment when the ancient oil reservoir was destroyed. The host mineral morphology,homogeneous tem-perature,and salinity of the FIAs record an episodic fluid movement. Characters of high homogenous temperature,low salinity and a quick temperature variation of the first episode fluid flow may indicate an early-stage fluid eruption,and correspondingly,fine-grained calcite was formed. Temperature of the erupted fluid tended to decrease during its mixing with the upper formation fluid and finally had the same temperature as the upper formation. From then on,the temperature was rather steady and fa-vored the growth of the coarse calcite. Due to this character of the temperature variation of the episodic fluid flow,we can use the homogenous temperature of the FIA of the coarse calcite to date the forma-tion and the destruction time of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir. Episodic fluid flow was known for its inhomogeneous trapping,which resulted in the failure of dating according to the burial history. But taking a close look at its temperature variation,we think that the latest stage of fluid flow,characterized by steady state temperature and grow of the coarser crystals,can be used for dating. It will be of great value if this method is proved to be effective. The formation and the destruction time of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir were dated to be in the Indosinian Period and the late Yanshan-early Hymalayan Period respectively. This conclusion is in great discrepancy with the common accepted idea that the Majiang ancient oil reservoir was formed and destroyed during the Cal

关键词： Majiang ancient oil reservoir episodic fluid flow marine carbonate rocks superimposed basin

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Differential fault Attack on the Stream Cipher LIZARD

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2021年第3期30卷 534-541页

作者： MA Zhen TIAN Tian QI Wenfeng national Digital Switching System Engineering Technological Research {1.

In this paper, we try to give a security evaluation of LIZARD stream cipher in regard to fault attacks, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first fault analysis on LIZARD. We design a differential engine of LIZARD to track the differential trail of the keystreams. It is shown that the distributions of the keystream differences are heavily biased. Utilizing this characteristic, we propose an improved method to identify the fault location for LIZARD whose success probability approaches 1. Then we use the fault-free keystream and faulty keystreams to generate system of equations in internal state variables and solve it by SAT solver. The result shows that with 1.0 keystream bits, only 6 different faults are needed to recover the internal state. Finally,the comparison between LIZARD and Grain v1.shows that LIZARD is more resistable than Grain v1.in regard to fault attacks.

关键词： Cryptography Data security Other topics in statistics Other topics in statistics Cryptanalysis stream cipher fault attack SAT solver LIZARD

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Probing the interseismic locking state of the Xianshuihe {1. based on a viscoelastic deformation model

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 134-145页

作者： Yage ZHU Faqi DIAO Fei CHEN Yuebing WANG Zhigang SHAO Rongjiang WANG Xiong XIONG Hubei Subsurface Multi-Scale Imaging Key Laboratory School of Geophysics and GeomaticsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China China Earthquake Networks center Beijing 100045China Institute of Earthquake Forecasting China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100036China

The interseismic locking state of tectonic {1.s is essential for regional seismic hazard ***,it is challenging to obtain this parameter reliably due to the weak deformation and complex model *** better probe the {1. locking state,more reliable physical models and well-covered observations are *** we investigate the locking state of the Xianshuihe {1. based on a new-developed viscoelastic deformation ***,we combine GPS velocities from 1. new near-field stations and existing stations in this region to improve the spatial *** to the theoretical predictions,our results indicate that the elastic model will clearly overestimate the {1. locking depth and seismic moment accumulation rate,and the {1. slip rate inferred from the elastic model is slightly lower than that from the viscoelastic *** on the locking distribution inferred from the viscoelastic model,we identify four potential asperities on the Xianshuihe *** importantly,we find a clear spatial correlation between the {1. locking distribution and the rupture extent of historical earthquakes,which indicates that the {1. locking state may control the rupture extent and thus the magnitude of *** addition,our results show that the 2022 M6.8 Luding earthquake only ruptured the south part of a potential asperity,and the accumulated energy in the northern unruptured area is equivalent to an Mw6.9 earthquake,where the seismic hazard deserves special attention.

关键词： fault kinematics Viscoelastic relaxation effect GPS observations seismic hazard The 2022 M6.8 Luding earthquake

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Surface and Deep Structure of the Hanshan–Wuwei Basins in the Lower Yangtze Region:Implications for Mesozoic Tectonic Evolution of the South China Block

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第5期 1154-1170页

作者： KAN Tianxiang LI Longming ZHENG Hongjun LI Jiahao ZHAO Xilin CHEN Mo School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Hefei University of Technology Anhui Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring Nanjing center China Geological Survey

Indicating the tectonic features of the Hanshan–Wuwei basin can reconstruct the framework of the basins formed in Mesozoic and further understand the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the South China Block. Studies on surface structure, regional stress field and deep geophysical characteristics of the Mesozoic Hanshan–Wuwei basin in Lower Yangtze region were carried out. NE–NNE trending folds and faults developed in the northern margin of the basins. The reconstruction of tectonic stress fields indicates four stress stages dominating the basins' evolution including NW–SE compression, N–S compression, NW–SE extension and NWW–SEE compression. 2D {1. profiles reveal coexistence of thrust, strike-slip and normal faults in the basin. Combined with regional geological studies, the geodynamic processes for the formation of the Hanshan–Wuwei basin can be divided into five stages: 1. During the Late Triassic, EW trending foreland basin was formed by N–S compression; 2) From Mid-Jurassic to Late Jurassic, continuous compression strengthened the foreland deformation and formed thrust nappes. In this stage, the integrated foreland basin was compartmentalized or fragmented, and transferred to the broken foreland basin; 3) NE-trending sinistral strike-slip movement at the beginning of the Early Cretaceous; 4) Regional extension resulted in normal faults and rift basins developing in the Late Cretaceous; 5) The NWW–SEE compression at the end of the Late Cretaceous caused NW sinistral strike-slip faults to form, which partly transformed the rift basin.

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Numerical Simulation of Surrounding Rock Deformation and Grouting Reinforcement of Cross-fault Tunnel under Different Excavation Methods

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第3期138卷 2445-2470页

作者： Duan Zhu Zhende Zhu Cong Zhang LunDai Baotian Wang Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China Jiangsu Research center for Geotechnical Engineering Technology Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China

Tunnel construction is susceptible to accidents such as loosening, deformation, collapse, and water inrush, especiallyunder complex geological conditions like dense fault areas. These accidents can cause instability and damageto the tunnel. As a result, it is essential to conduct research on tunnel construction and grouting reinforcementtechnology in fault fracture zones to address these issues and ensure the safety of tunnel excavation projects. Thisstudy utilized the Xianglushan cross-fault tunnel to conduct a comprehensive analysis on the construction, support,and reinforcement of a tunnel crossing a fault fracture zone using the three-dimensional finite element numericalmethod. The study yielded the following research conclusions: The excavation conditions of the cross-fault tunnelarray were analyzed to determine the optimal construction method for excavation while controlling deformationand stress in the surrounding rock. The middle partition method (CD method) was found to be the most ***, the effects of advanced reinforcement grouting on the cross-fault fracture zone tunnel were studied,and the optimal combination of grouting reinforcement range (1.0°) and grouting thickness (1.) was *** stress and deformation data obtained fromon-site monitoring of the surrounding rock was slightly lower thanthe numerical simulation results. However, the change trend of both sets of data was found to be consistent. Theseresearch findings provide technical analysis and data support for the construction and design of cross-fault tunnels.

关键词： Cross-fault tunnel finite element analysis excavation methods surrounding rock deformation grouting reinforcement

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Sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the Banquan pull-apart basin and implications for late Cenozoic dextral strike-slip movement of the Tanlu fault Zone

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第4期66卷 797-820页

作者： Peng SHU Xiwei XU Shaoying FENG Baojin LIU Kang LI Paul TAPPONNIER Xiaojuan DENG Guihua CHEN Nuan XIA Hongtai XU Jingjing QIN Fubing HE Yan MA Rongzhang ZHENG State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100029China Anhui Earthquake Agency Hefei 230031China Mengcheng national Geophysical Observatory Anhui Earthquake AgencyMengcheng 233500China national Institute of Natural Hazard Ministry of Emergency Management of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijing 100085China Geophysical Exploration center China Earthquake AdministrationZhengzhou 450002China seismic Hazard Mitigation {1. of Shandong Province(Engineering Seismology Research {1. of Shandong Province) Ji’nan 250014China Beijing Institute of Geological Survey Beijing 100195China

The Banquan Basin is a pull-apart basin with the largest scale and the most prominent structure due to dextral slip of the Tanlu fault Zone(TLFZ) in late Cenozoic. The depositional history of the basin records the start time and evolution of the right-lateral strike-slip movement of the TLFZ. This paper studies the sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the Banquan Basin by {1. reflection exploration, borehole detection and cosmogenic nuclide chronology. We analyze the coupling relationship between the pull-apart basin and the strike-slip fault and discuss the start time and tectonic significance of the right-lateral strikeslip of the TLFZ. Our study indicates that the Banquan Basin has undergone three evolutionary stages: weak rifting during the pre-pull-apart period, strong extension during the syn-pull-apart period and subsidence during the post-pull-apart period. This implies that the TLFZ, which controls the evolution of the basin, experienced an evolutionary process of weak activity,intensified activity and migration of activity toward the central basin. The sedimentary filling of the basin has strong response to the episodic pull-apart and extension of the basin. Lying upon the basement of the basin, a thin layer of Miocene mudstone slowly accumulated due to local rifting before the strong pull-apart event. Along with the dextral slipping and pull-apart process, the basin was filled with alluvial fan facies, fluvial facies and floodplain facies strata from bottom to top. The latest tectonic movement of the TLFZ in the North China Block in late Cenozoic was dominated by episodic dextral strike-slip motion, and this deformation pattern started at 4.01.1.27 Ma. The latest tectonic deformation in North China since late Cenozoic was governed by eastward extrusion and tectonic orogenesis of the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau since late Miocene. The eastward thrusting of the Liupanshan fault zone and sinistral shearing of the Qinling fault zone led

关键词： Banquan Basin Strike-slip movement Pull-apart basin Tanlu fault Zone North China Plain Start time

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Three-Dimensional Density Distribution and seismic Activity along the Guxiang–Tongmai Segment of the Jiali {1.,Tibet

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第2期98卷 454-467页

作者： FAN Pengxiao YU Changqing WANG Ruixue ZENG Xiangzhi QU Chen ZHANG Yue Institute of Land and Resources Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650000China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Jiangsu Donghai Continental Deep Hole Crustal Activity National Observation and Research StationLianyungangJiangsu 222000China

The Guxiang-Tongmai segment of the Jiali fault is situated northeast of the Namche Barwa Syntaxis in northeastern *** is one of the most active strike-slip faults near the syntaxis and plays a pivotal role in the examination of seismic activity within the eastern Himalayan *** study in the research region has yielded a 1.200000 gravity dataset covering an area 1.00 km^(2).Using wavelet transform multiscale decomposition,scratch analysis techniques,and 3D gravity inversion methods,gravity anomalies,fault distributions,and density structures were determined across various *** the integration of our new gravity data with other geophysical and geological information,our findings demonstrate substantial variations in the overall crustal density within the region,with the fault distribution closely linked to these density *** in stratigraphic density are important causes of variations in the capacity of geological formations to endure regional tectonic *** are predominantly concentrated within the density transition zone and are primarily situated in regions of elevated *** hanging wall stress within the Guxiang-Tongmai segment of the Jiali fault exhibits a notable concentration,marked by pronounced anisotropy,and is positioned within the density differential zone,which is prone to earthquakes.

关键词： seismicity deep-density structure wavelet transform multi-scale decomposition scratch analysis 3D gravity inversion Jiali fault Tibet

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Simulation by Dislocation Model and Anomaly Property Determination of Huge Leveling Deformation at Linfen seismic Station

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Earthquake Research in China 2016年第1期30卷 100-107页

作者： Liu Ruichun Jin Hongliang Forecasting center of Earthquake Administration of Shanxi Province Taiyuan 030021 China national Continental Rift Valley Dynamics Observatory of Taiyuan Taiyuan 030021 China Linfen Central seismic Station Linfen 041000 Shanxi China

In this study,under the assumption that the two huge leveling deformation anomalies at Linfen {1. station were caused by the Luoyunshan fault( Tumen-Yuli section)movement, we computed the vertical deformation field distribution based on the rectangular fault dislocation model and measured the ground deformation field of the study area using D-InS AR technology. The results are as follows:( 1. Theoretically,the ground vertical deformation field caused by fault movement could be within the elliptical deformation area with the long axis parallel to the fault strike. The largest deformation region is located in the center of the area in the hanging wall of the fault,and the deformation gradually decreases to zero toward the periphery; the impact range induced by the two deformations is respectively as follows: The long axes are about 1. km and26km,the short axes are about 1. km and 1. km and the obvious deformation amplitude is about 1. 3mm and 4- 1. mm.( 2) The measured deformation field by D-InS AR shows that there is no continuous deformation area consistent with the fault strike,and only the presence of land subsidence possibly caused by groundwater excessive exploitation,with the deformation amplitude about 1.- 1. mm and 1. 5mm.( 3) The measured deformation field is not consistent with the theoretical result on deformation area and amplitude,which indicates that the fault movement is not the main cause of Linfen huge leveling deformation,but may rather be because of local deformation of the soil layers in the hanging wall of the fault.( 4) By combining the fault dislocation model simulation with the D-InS AR technology measurement,we can determine effectively the nature of the anomalyof the huge cross-fault leveling deformation,thus provide scientific basis for verification of significant leveling anomalies.

关键词： The leveling at Linfen seismic station Huge deformation {1. dislocationmodel D-InSAR Anomaly property determination

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Probable satellite thermal infrared anomaly before the Zhangbei M_s=6.2 earthquake on January 1., 1.98

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2000年第2期13卷 203-209页

作者：吕琪琦丁鉴海崔承属 1. center for Analysis and Prediction China Seismological Bureau 100036 Beijing China 2. Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China

This paper used the thermal infrared data of the satellite NOAA-AAVHRR of the north pat of North China (1.3°~1.9°E, 38°~42°N), and processed the remote sensing data through radiation adjustment, geometric adjust ment and so on by the software 'The Monitoring and Fast Process System of Earthquake Precursor Thermal Infra red Anomaly', inversed the each surface temperature. Some disturbances effect had been excluded, and thermal infrared temperature anomaly had been extracted by the picture difference method. The Zhangbei M_s=6.2 earth quake is used as the example in the paper, so that in the paper thermal infrared characteristics on time-space before earthquake and the relationship between the anomaly and the earthquake prediction have been summarized. Within more than ten days before the Zhangbei earthquake, the thermal infrared anomaly had emerged widely along Zhangjiakou-Bobal seismic belt, and the anomalous region seemed like a belt and it is also consistent with the tectonic background there; the anomaly expanded from the outside toward the earthquake focus, but the focus lay at the edge of the thermal infrared region. So it is possible to explore a new anomaly observation method for earthquake prediction by observing and {1.ing the satellite thermal infrared anomaly before big earthquakes happen.

关键词： thermal infrared anomaly precursor of imminent earthquake Zhangbei earthquake

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