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Impact of climate change on surface water resource and tendency in the future in the arid zone of northwestern China

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Science China Chemistry 1995年第11期38卷 1395-1408页

作者：施雅风张祥松 lanzhou {1. of glaciology and geocryology Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

The surface water resource in the arid zone of northwestern China is pregnant in the 6great mountain systems induding snow covers,glaciers,rivers and *** the climate fluctuates,becoming warmer and drier,and the water resource trends to wither during the 20th century,it is evident thatin the Holocene Megathermal there would be a more plentiful water *** the Little Ice Age,theglacier area and the amount of runoff and lake water were also higher than those at *** is estimated thatthe temperature in mountains of western China would be 1. warmer by 2030 A.D.,when the precipitationand evaporation would be some higher,the snow cover would be lower in plains and higher in mountains,gla-ciers would retreat further,many small glacier would disappear,river runoff would increase with a highervariability,most of the lakes would be in a negative balance state and would wither further.

关键词： climate change water resource glacier snow cover lake runoff

Study on the glacier variation and its runoff responses in the arid region of Northwest China

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Science China Earth Sciences 1999年第S1期42卷 64-71页

作者：刘潮海康尔泗刘时银陈建明刘宗香 lanzhou {1. of glaciology and geocryology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The glaciers in the arid region of Northwest China are viewed as an independent system, and glacier variation and mass balance fluctuation since the Little Ice Age and in the recent decades are estimated. Based on the estimation, the threshold time of glacier runoff against the backgrounds of the current and future varying climate conditions is simulated.

关键词： glacier variation mass balance glacier runoff.

THE HISTORICAL CLIMATIC RECORDS IN ICE CORES FROM THE SURFACE LAYER OF WILKES LAND, ANTARCTICA

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Science China Chemistry 1990年第4期33卷 460-466页

作者：秦大河王文悌 lanzhou {1. of glaciology and geocryology Academia Sinica Lanzhou 730000 PRC

The information preserved in the surface layer of the Antarctic ice sheet is so abundant and detailed that in the areas with a high accumulation rate the annual climatic changes in the past can be distinguished. After conducting an investigation into the stratigraphical features of ice cores from two typical shallow boreholes in the Wilkes Land, one inland and another near the margin, analyzing δ(~1.)O and the gross β radioactivity in the cores, as well as anslyzing the power spectra of δ^(1.)O, the authors present some important assessments on the climatic information in the past several decades therein such as the annual mean temperature and precipitation, and suggest that there is a period of 1. years with which the climate changes cyclically in East Antactica. Such a studying method will be of value in both theory and practice to the inland Antarctica, where direct meteorological observation is deficient.

关键词： climatic cycle δ^(1.)O profile shallow ice core power spectral analysis Gross β activity.

Effects of ion elution on formation of ice core record

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第3期42卷 236-239页

作者： Huang, CL Li, ZQ Hou, SG Pu, JC lanzhou {1. of glaciology and geocryology Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China

PREVIOUS studies have shown that 50%—80% of the pollutant load in the snowpacks can be released with the first 30% of the meltwater. So the ion elution can alter the seasonal-layer distribution of chemical contents deposited in the snowpacks and form a new chemical distribution, which is preserved perpetually as the ice core record. In order to reconstruct the paleoclimate and paleo-environment from the ice core with high accuracy, it is necessary to determine the correlation of the chemical distribution between pre- and post-ion elution processes.

关键词： ion elution ice core record chemical distribution.

Response of the snowmelt and glacier runoff to the climate warming-up in the last 40 years in Xinjiang Autonomous Region,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 1999年第S1期42卷 44-51页

作者：叶佰生丁永建康尔泗李纲韩添丁 lanzhou {1. of glaciology and geocryology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Some analytical results of the measured runoff during 1.50s to 1.80s at outlet hydrological stations of 33 main rivers and climatic data collected from 84 meteorological stations in Xinjiang Autonomous Region are *** of hydrological and climatic parameters before and after 1.80 shows that the spring runoff for most rivers after 1.80s increased obviously at a rate of about 1.％, though the spring air temperature did not rise very much. Especially,an increment by 20％ for alpine runoff is observed during May when intensive snow melting occurred in the alpine region. To the contrary, the runoff in June decreased about 5％. When the summer or annual runoff is taken into account,direct relationship can be found between the change in runoff and the ratio of glacier-coverage, except the runoff in August when the glacier melting is strong, indicating that climatic warming has an obvious effect on the contribution of glacier melting to the runoff increase.

关键词： climate change snowmelt and glacier runoff response.

A STUDY ON SNOW PROFILES AND SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS ALONG 6000km TRANSANTARCTIC ROUTE (Ⅰ)——THE "1.90 INTERNATIONAL TRANS-ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION" GLACIOLOGICAL RESEARCH

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Science China Chemistry 1992年第3期35卷 366-374页

作者：秦大河任贾文 lanzhou {1. of glaciology and geocryology Academia Sinica Lanzhou 730000 PRC

Along a 5986 km route on Antarctic ice sheet from west to east, 1.6 snow pits with a depth ranging from 1.0—2.0 m have been dug by the first author of this paper, the Chinese member of the '1.90 International Trans-Antarctic Expedition'. The basic physical characteristics of the surface layer of the ice sheet on a large scale are obtained through the observations of snow profiles at these snow pits. The sastrugi shapes and major axis azimuths have also been observed or measured on the way. Analysis for these observation data shows that in West Antarctica the meltwater infiltration-congelation is obvious and the annual precipitation is larger than that in East Antarctica, which implies that climate in West Antarctica is warmer, more humid and influenced more greatly by the South Ocean than that in East Antarctica. Radiation ice-glazes frequently found in snow profiles indicate that even in East Antarctica under very low temperatures, surface 'melting' occurs in summer due to the long-time solar radiation. The little variations of sastrugi trend and its dominant azimuth in the inland Antarctica suggest that there is a south-north prevailing wind. Depth hoar is very much developed in the snow pits of East Antarctica. This possesses important climatic and glaciological significance but its formation mechanism and development process need a further discussion elsewhere.

关键词： trans-Antarctic shallow snow pit snow profile ice layer and ice glaze sastrugi.

A NEW MODEL OF FROST HEAVE PREDICTION FOR CLAYEY SOILS

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Science China Chemistry 1991年第10期34卷 1225-1236页

作者：陈肖柏王雅卿 lanzhou {1. of glaciology & geocryology Academia Sinica Lanzhou 730000 PRC

After analysing the results of systematic experimental research on frost susceptibility tests, a new frost heave prediction model, including the heave ratio η and rate R, is first proposed in this paper. Six main factors influencing frost heave are considered: initial water content W, initial dry unit weight γd, frost penetration rate Vf, groundwater level Hw, plasticity index Ip and ion content S. The model could be expressed by: η= B0WB1.Bd2VB31.exp(B4Hw)exp(B5Ip)exp(B6S) and R = B’0WB’1.B’2dexp(B’3Hw)exp(B’4Ip)exp(B’5S) with a good reliability, where B0 to B6 and B’0 to B’5 are the characteristic constants of clayey soils. The effect of each factor on frost susceptibility of soils is discussed also.

关键词： frost susceptibility frost heave ratio frost heave rate frost heave prediction.

THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF POLAR-TYPE GLACIERS DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA

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Chinese Geographical Science 1995年第2期5卷 97-103页

作者：黄茂桓 lanzhou {1. of glaciology and geocryology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou PRC

Around the Kunlun Peak there are many huge and broad mountains lifting above the Equilibrium Line altitade (ELA), forming the largest glacier distribution centre in China. Here the ELA is very high and the glacier existence is attributed to the unfavorableness of ablation, not the favorablenesses of accumulation. In the ablation period strong evaporation-sublimation and conduction expend a large amount of heat. restraining melting. In addition, meltwater is easy to refreeze. forming superimposed ice and then reducing mass loss. Low air temperature causes low ablation rate and short ablation period. Arid and cold climate is favorable to glacier development. comparable to the polar regions. Nonuniform precipitation decreases heat income during the ablation period and increases heat loss in winter. also resulting in restraining ablation.

关键词： polar-type glaciers. climatic conditions of glacier development glaciers in China

EVALUATING THE WATER RESOURCE IMPACTS OF CLIMATIC WARMING IN COLD ALPINE REGIONS BY THE WATER BALANCE MODEL: MODELING THE URUMQI RIVER BASIN

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Science China Chemistry 1991年第11期34卷 1362-1371页

作者：赖祖铭叶佰生 lanzhou {1. of glaciology and geocryology Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 PKC

In view of the tendency of global climatic warming, the water balance model is employed to estimate the runoff changes in the Urumqi River Basin, Xinjiang Region, China, under ten climate change scenarios, which are combinations of temperature increases by 2K and 4K with precipitation change of 0, ±1.% and ±20%, respectively, as the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide increases. The results suggest that runoff changes mainly depend on the precipitation change in the glacier-free or less glacierized basins in cold alpine regions. Effect of temperature on runoff becomes marked gradually with the increase in precipitation. Runoff from glacierized areas, however, is much more sensitive to the temperature change.

关键词： cold alpine region water balance climatic change water resource runoff.