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Experimental investigation on shear strength deterioration at the interface between different rock types under cyclic loading

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第8期16卷 3063-3079页

作者： Qiong Wu Zhiqi Liu Huiming Tang Liangqing Wang Xiaoxue Huo Zhen Cui Shiyu Li Bo Zhang Zhiwei Lin Faculty of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Guangxi Fangchenggang Beitou Environmental Protection Water Co. Ltd.Fangchenggang538021China State Key Laboratory of geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China

The shear strength deterioration of bedding planes between different rock types induced by cyclic loading is vital to reasonably evaluate the stability of soft and hard interbedded bedding rock slopes under earthquake;however,rare work has been devoted to this subject due to lack of *** this study,experimental investigations on shear strength weakening of discontinuities with different joint wall material(DDJM)under cyclic loading were conducted by taking the interface between siltstone and mudstone in the Shaba slope of Yunnan Province,China as research objects.A total of 99 pairs of similar material samples of DDJM(81.pairs)and discontinuities with identical joint wall material(DIJM)(1. pairs)were fabricated by inserting plates,engraved with typical surface morphology obtained by performing three-dimensional laser scanning on natural DDJMs sampled from field,into mold *** shear tests were conducted on these samples to study their shear strength changes with the cyclic number considering the effects of normal stress,joint surface morphology,shear displacement amplitude and shear *** results indicate that the shear stress *** displacement curves under each shear cycle and the peak shear strength *** number curves of the studied DDJMs are between those of DIJMs with siltstone and mudstone,while closer to those of DIJMs with *** peak shear strengths of DDJMs exhibit an initial rapid decline followed by a gradual decrease with the cyclic number and the decrease rate varies from 6%to 55.9%for samples with varied surface morphology under different testing *** normal stress,joint surface morphology,shear displacement amplitude and shear rate collectively influence the shear strength deterioration of DDJM under cyclic shear loading,with the degree of influence being greater for larger normal stress,rougher surface morphology,larger shear displacement amplitude and faster shear rate.

关键词： Discontinuities with different joint wall material(DDJM) Discontinuities with identical joint wall material(DIJM) Cyclic shear test Shear strength deterioration Joint surface morphology Shear displacement amplitude Shear rate Normal stress

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Numerical and theoretical study of large-scale failure of strata overlying sublevel caving mines with steeply dipping discontinuities

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第8期31卷 1799-1815页

作者： Kaizong Xia Zhiwei Si Congxin Chen Xiaoshuang Li Junpeng Zou Jiahao Yuan State Key Laboratory of geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Urban Construction Changzhou UniversityChangzhou 213164China Faculty of Engineering China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China

The deformation and fracture evolution mechanisms of the strata overlying mines mined using sublevel caving were studied via numerical ***,an expression for the normal force acting on the side face of a steeply dipping superimposed cantilever beam in the surrounding rock was deduced based on limit equilibrium *** results show the following:(1.surface displacement above metal mines with steeply dipping discontinuities shows significant step characteristics,and(2)the behavior of the strata as they fail exhibits superimposition ***,failure first occurs in certain superimposed strata slightly far from the ***,with the constant downward excavation of the orebody,the superimposed strata become damaged both upwards away from and downwards toward the *** process continues until the deep part of the steeply dipping superimposed strata forms a large-scale deep fracture plane that connects with the *** deep fracture plane generally makes an angle of 1.°-20°with the normal to the steeply dipping *** effect of the constant outward transfer of strata movement due to the constant outward failure of the superimposed strata in the metal mines with steeply dipping discontinuities causes the scope of the strata movement in these mines to be larger than *** strata in the metal mines with steeply dipping discontinuities mainly show flexural toppling ***,the steeply dipping structural strata near the goaf mainly exhibit shear slipping failure,in which case the mechanical model used to describe them can be simplified by treating them as steeply dipping superimposed cantilever *** taking the steeply dipping superimposed cantilever beam that first experiences failure as the key stratum,the failure scope of the strata(and criteria for the stability of metal mines with steeply dipping discontinuities mined using sublevel caving)can be obtained via iterative computations from the ke

关键词： sublevel caving mines universal distinct element code(UDEC)numerical approach large-scale ground movement steeply dipping superimposed cantilever beam toppling failure

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Integrated approach of predicting rock stability in high mountain valley underground caverns

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Underground Space 2024年第6期19卷 317-341页

作者： Fuyuan Tan Haosen Guo Pengzhi Pan Zhaofeng Wang Xufeng Liu Yangyi Zhou East China Jiaotong University Nanchang 467200China State Key Laboratory of geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Deep Engineering and Intelligent Technology Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

High mountain valleys are characterized by the development of intricate ground stress fields due to geological processes such as tectonic stress,river erosion,and rock *** processes introduce considerable stability concerns in the surrounding rock formations for underground engineering projects in these regions,highlighting the imperative need for rigorous stability assessments during the design phase to ensure construction *** paper introduces an innovative approach for the pre-evaluation of the stability of surrounding rocks in underground caverns situated within high mountain *** methodology comprises several pivotal ***,we conduct inverse calculations of the ground stress field in complex geological terrains,combining field monitoring and numerical ***,we ascertain stress-strength ratios of the surrounding rocks using various rock strength *** assess the stability characteristics of the surrounding rocks in the 1.(#)spillway cave within our project area,we employ numerical simulations to compute stress-strength ratios based on different rock strength ***,we undertake a comparative analysis,utilizing data from the 5^(#)Underground Laboratory(Lab 5)of Jinping II Hydropower Station,aligning the chosen rock strength criterion with the damage characteristics of Lab 50s surrounding *** analysis serves as the cornerstone for evaluating other mechanical responses of the surrounding rocks,thereby validating the pre-evaluation *** pre-evaluation method takes into account the intricate geological evolution processes specific to high mountain *** also considers the influence of the initial geostress field within the geological range of underground *** comprehensive approach provides a robust foundation for the analysis and assessment of the stability of surrounding rocks,especially in high mountain valley areas,during the design phase of underground engi

关键词： High mountain valley Underground cavern Stability of surrounding rock On-site monitoring Stress-strength ratio Numerical simulation

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Experimental investigation of dynamic characteristics of leaching tubing for solution mining of salt cavern carbon and energy storage

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2703-2722页

作者： Yin-Ping Li Xin-Bo Ge Xi-Lin Shi Hong-Ling Ma State Key Laboratory of geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Energy and Mining Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology Shandong University of Science and Technology

Salt caverns are extensively utilized for storing various substances such as fossil energy, hydrogen,compressed air, nuclear waste, and industrial solid waste. In China, when the salt cavern is leached through single-well water solution mining with oil as a cushion, engineering challenges arise with the leaching tubing, leading to issues like damage and instability. These problems significantly hinder the progress of cavern construction and the control of cavern shape. The primary cause of this is the flowinduced vibration instability of leaching tubing within a confined space, which results in severe bending or damage to the tubing. This study presents a model experimental investigation on the dynamic characteristics of leaching tubing using a self-developed liquid-solid coupling physical model experiment apparatus. The experiment utilizes a silicone-rubber pipe(SRP) and a polycarbonate pipe(PCP) to examine the effects of various factors on the dynamic stability of cantilevered pipes conveying fluid. These factors include external space constraint, flexural rigidity, medium outside the pipe, overhanging length, and end conditions. The experiments reveal four dynamic response phenomena: water hammer, static buckling, chaotic motion, and flutter instability. The study further demonstrates that the length of the external space constraint has a direct impact on the flutter critical flow velocity of the cantilevered pipe conveying fluid. Additionally, the flutter critical flow velocity is influenced by the end conditions and different external media.

关键词： Salt cavern storage Solution mining Leaching tubing Experimental investigation Flutter instability

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Model Test Study on Response of Weathered Rock Slope to Rainfall Infiltration under Different Conditions

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第4期35卷 1316-1333页

作者： Cong Li Rongtang Zhang Jiebing Zhu Bo Lu Xiaowei Wang Fangling Xu Xiaoke Shen Jiesheng Liu Weizhen Cai School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Wuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan430023China Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of Ministry of Water Resources Yangtze River Scientific Research InstituteWuhan430010China Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for geomechanics and Embankment Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China

Weathered rock(especially granite)slopes are prone to failure under the action of rainfall,making it necessary to study the response of weathered rock slope to rainfall infiltration for landslide *** this study,a series of model tests of weathered rock slope under different conditions were *** matric suction,volumetric water content,earth pressure and deformation of slope were monitored in real time during *** response of the slope to rainfall infiltration,failure process and failure mode of slope under different conditions were analyzed,and the early warning criterion for the failure of weathered rock slope caused by rainfall was *** results show that the slope deformation evolution process under rainfall condition was closely related to the dissipation of matric *** the distribution of the matrix suction(or water content)of slope met the condition that the resistance to sliding of the slip-mass was overcome,the displacement increased sharply and landslide *** factors including rainfall process,lithologic condition and excavation condition significantly affect the response of weathered rock slope to *** can be found from the test results under different conditions that compared with intermittent rainfall condition,the rainfall intensity and infiltration depth were smaller when the slope entering accelerated deformation stage under the condition of incremental *** accumulated rainfall when weathered clastic landslide occurring was greater than that of weathered granite,which results in greater disaster *** excavation angle and moisture distribution of a slope were the main factors affecting the stability of a *** addition,the evolution processes and critical displacement velocities of slopes were studied by combining the deformation curves and matrix suction curves,which can be used as reference for early warning of rainfall-induced weathered rock landslide.

关键词： weathered rock slope model test rainfall early warning unsaturated soil

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Effects of thawing-induced softening on fracture behaviors of frozen rock

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第3期16卷 979-989页

作者： Ting Wang Hailiang Jia Qiang Sun Xianjun Tan Liyun Tang College of Geology and Environment Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an710054China College of Architecture and Civil Engineering Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an710054China State Key Laboratory of geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430064China

Due to the presence of ice and unfrozen water in pores of frozen rock,the rock fracture behaviors are susceptible to *** this study,the potential thawing-induced softening effects on the fracture behaviors of frozen rock is evaluated by testing the tension fracture toughness(KIC)of frozen rock at different temperatures(i.e.-20℃,-1.℃,-1.℃,-1.℃,-8℃,-6℃,-4℃,-2℃,and 0℃).Acoustic emission(AE)and digital image correlation(DIC)methods are utilized to analyze the microcrack propagation during *** melting of pore ice is measured using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)*** results indicate that:(1.The KIC of frozen rock decreases moderately between-20℃ and-4℃,and rapidly between-4℃ and 0℃.(2)At-20℃ to-4℃,the fracturing process,deduced from the DIC results at the notch tip,exhibits three stages:elastic deformation,microcrack propagation and microcrack ***,at-4℃e0℃,only the latter two stages are observed.(3)At-4℃e0℃,the AE activities during fracturing are less than that at-20℃ to-4℃,while more small events are reported.(4)The NMR results demonstrate a reverse variation trend in pore ice content with increasing temperature,that is,a moderate decrease is followed by a sharp decrease and-4℃ is exactly the critical ***,we interpret the thawing-induced softening effect by linking the evolution in microscopic structure of frozen rock with its macroscopic fracture behaviors as follow:from-20℃ to-4℃,the thickening of the unfrozen water film diminishes the cementation strength between ice and rock skeleton,leading to the decrease in fracture ***-4℃ to 0℃,the cementation effect of ice almost vanishes,and the filling effect of pore ice is reduced significantly,which facilitates microcrack propagation and thus the easier fracture of frozen rocks.

关键词： Frozen sandstone Different thawing temperature Fracture toughness Microcrack propagation process Unfrozen water content

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Clogging caused by coupled grain migration and compaction effect during groundwater recharge for unconsolidated sandstone reservoir in groundwater-source heat pump

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第8期16卷 2947-2959页

作者： Fujian Yang Jing Luo Guiling Wang Hejuan Liu Dawei Hu Hui Zhou State Key Laboratory of geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Sinopec Star Hubei New Energy Development Co. Ltd.Wuhan430010China institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesShijiazhuang050061China

In unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs,presence of numerous movable grains and a complex grain size composition necessitates a clear understanding of the physical clogging process for effective groundwater recharge in groundwater-source heat pump *** investigate this,a series of seepage experiments was conducted under in situ stress conditions using unconsolidated sandstone samples with varying grain *** clogging phenomenon arises from the combined effects of grain migration and compaction,wherein the migration of both original and secondary crushed fine-grain particles blocks the seepage ***,grain composition influences the migration and transport properties of the *** samples composed of smaller grains,the apparent permeability demonstrates a transition from stability to *** contrast,samples with larger grains experience a skip at the stability stage and directly enter the decrease stage,with a minor exception of a slight increase ***,a unique failure mode characterized by diameter shrinkage in the upper part of the sample is observed due to the combined effects of grain migration and in situ stress-induced *** testing results contribute to a better understanding of the clogging mechanism caused by the coupled effects of grain migration and compaction during groundwater recharge in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs used in groundwater-source heat pump systems.

关键词： Groundwater-source heat pump Clogging Grain migration Compaction effect Groundwater recharge Unconsolidated sandstone

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Shear mechanical properties and fracturing responses of layered rough jointed rock-like materials

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第11期31卷 2417-2434页

作者： Xinxin Nie Qian Yin Manchao He Qi Wang Hongwen Jing Bowen Zheng Bo Meng Tianci Deng Zheng Jiang Jiangyu Wu State Key Laboratory for geomechanics&Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China State Key Laboratory for geomechanics&Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Materials University of OxfordOxford OX13PHUK

This study aims to investigate mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of layered rock with rough joint surfaces under direct shear *** layered samples with dimensions of 1.0 mm×1.0 mm×1.0 mm were casted using rock-like materials,with anisotropic angle(α)and joint roughness coefficient(JRC)ranging from 1.°to 75°and 2-20,*** direct shear tests were conducted under the application of initial normal stress(σ_(n)) ranging from 1.4 *** test results indicate significant differences in mechanical properties,acoustic emission(AE)responses,maximum principal strain fields,and ultimate failure modes of layered samples under different test *** peak stress increases with the increasingαand achieves a maximum value atα=60°or 75°.As σ_(n) increases,the peak stress shows an increasing trend,with correlation coefficients R² ranging from 0.91. to 0.995 for the linear least squares *** JRC increases from 2-4 to 1.-20,the cohesion increases by 86.32%whenα=1.°,while the cohesion decreases by 27.93%whenα=75°.The differences in roughness characteristics of shear failure surface induced byαresult in anisotropic post-peak AE responses,which is characterized by active AE signals whenαis small and quiet AE signals for a largeα.For a given JRC=6-8 andσ_(n)=1.MPa,asαincreases,the accumulative AE counts increase by 224.31.(αincreased from 1.°to 60°),and then decrease by 1..68%(αincreased from 60°to 75°).The shear failure surface is formed along the weak interlayer whenα=1.°and penetrates the layered matrix whenα=60°.Whenα=1.°,as σ_(n) increases,the adjacent weak interlayer induces a change in the direction of tensile cracks propagation,resulting in a stepped pattern of cracks *** increase in JRC intensifies roughness characteristics of shear failure surface for a smallα,however,it is not pronounced for a largeα.The findings will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanical responses and failure mechanisms of the layered roc

关键词： layered samples anisotropic angle joint roughness coefficient mechanical properties acoustic emission response fracturing evolution failure modes

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Analysis of acoustic propagation models and dissipation mechanisms of saturated sandy sediments based on the Biot theory

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Chinese Journal of Acoustics 2024年第3期43卷 363-379页

作者： ZHANG Yong MIAO Jinqiang WANG Yong LIU Guanshi College of Civil Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310023 State Key Laboratory of geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071

To investigate the dispersion characteristics of shallow sandy sediments on the seabed,a comparative analysis was conducted on the longitudinal and transverse wave dispersion features in typical sandy sediments described by the three acoustic propagation models using the Biot model,the Biot-Stoll model and the Biot-Stoll with contact squirt flow and shear drag(BICSQS)model developed from the theory of porous *** effects of different dissipation mechanisms in the models on the acoustic dispersion relationship were ***,the applicability of the models to sandy sediments was explored using integrating empirical *** results indicate that the acoustic dispersion characteristics of sediments are the result of different dissipation mechanisms,which are different in different frequency bands and have different effects on the propagation of longitudinal and transverse waves in the same frequency *** the frequency increases,the measured acoustic speed and attenuation of sandy sediments exhibit higher dispersion trends than those predicted by the Biot and Biot-Stoll *** contrast,the BICSQS model demonstrates a more reasonable prediction and interpretation of experimental phenomena with better applicability.

关键词： sandy shallow dispersion

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Characterization and spatial analysis of coseismic landslides triggered by the Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake in the Xianshuihe fault zone, Southwest China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 160-181页

作者： GUO Changbao LI Caihong YANG Zhihua NI Jiawei ZHONG Ning WANG Meng YAN Yiqiu SONG Deguang ZHANG Yanan ZHANG Xianbing WU Ruian CAO Shichao SHAO Weiwei institute of {1. Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Geological Safety Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China Research Center of Neotectonism and Crustal Stability China Geological SurveyBeijing 100081China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Sichuan institute of Geological Survey Chengdu 610081China

On September 5, 2022, a magnitude Ms 6.8 earthquake occurred along the Moxi fault in the southern part of the Xianshuihe fault zone located in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,resulting in severe damage and substantial economic loss. In this study, we established a coseismic landslide database triggered by Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake, which includes 4794 landslides with a total area of 46.79 km^(2). The coseismic landslides primarily consisted of medium and small-sized landslides, characterized by shallow surface sliding. Some exhibited characteristics of high-position initiation resulted in the obstruction or partial obstruction of rivers, leading to the formation of dammed lakes. Our research found that the coseismic landslides were predominantly observed on slopes ranging from 30° to 50°, occurring at between 1.00 m and 2500 m, with slope aspects varying from 90° to 1.0°. Landslides were also highly developed in granitic bodies that had experienced structural fracturing and strong-tomoderate weathering. Coseismic landslides concentrated within a 6 km range on both sides of the Xianshuihe and Daduhe fault zones. The area and number of coseismic landslides exhibited a negative correlation with the distance to fault lines, road networks, and river systems, as they were influenced by fault activity, road excavation, and river erosion. The coseismic landslides were mainly distributed in the southeastern region of the epicenter, exhibiting relatively concentrated patterns within the IX-degree zones such as Moxi Town, Wandong River basin, Detuo Town to Wanggangping Township. Our research findings provide important data on the coseismic landslides triggered by the Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake and reveal the spatial distribution patterns of these landslides. These findings can serve as important references for risk mitigation, reconstruction planning, and regional earthquake disaster research in the earthquake-affected area.

关键词： Luding earthquake Coseismic landslides Remote sensing interpretation Spatial distribution Xianshuihe fault Earthquake fault

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