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The siphonic energy transfer between hot solar wind and cold martian ionosphere through open magnetic flux rope

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Fundamental Research 2024年第4期4卷 882-889页

作者： Xiaojun Xu Lou-Chuang Lee Qi Xu Qing Chang Jing Wang Ming Wang Shaosui Xu Christian Mosti Charles J.Farrugia Xing Wang Yudong Ye Zilu Zhou Lei Luo Peishan He Shaoguan Cheng State key {1. of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China CNSA Macao Center for Space exploration and Science Macao 999078China Institute of Earth Science Academia SinicaTaipei 115029China Institute of Space Science and Applied Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518000China Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research laboratory(PEARL) School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210000China Space Sciencelaboratory Universityof CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94320USA Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesGraz 8010Austria University of New Hampshire NH 03824USA

A mechanism for energy transfer from the solar wind to the Martian ionosphere through open magnetic flux rope is proposed based on the observations by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN(MAVEN).The satellite was located in the dayside magnetosheath at an altitude of about 70o km above the northern *** between the hot solar wind protons and the cold heavy ions/neutrals in the subsolar region can cool the protons and heat the heavy *** a result,the magnetosheath protons are siphoned into the ionosphere due to the thermal pressure gradient of protons and the heated heavy ions escape along the open magnetic field *** direct collisions in the lower-altitude region were not detected,this physical process is demonstrated by MAVEN measurements of enhanced proton density,decreased proton temperature and oppositely directed motions of hot and cool protons within the flux rope,which are very different from the observational features of the flux transfer events near the Earth's *** mechanism could universally exist in many contexts where a collisionless plasma region is connected to a collisional plasma *** reconstructing the magnetic geometry and the cross-section of the flux rope using the Grad-Shafranov technique,the ion loss rates are quantitatively estimated to be on the order of 1.23 s-l,which is much higher than previously estimated.

关键词： Mars Flux rope Solarwind Ionosphere Ion loss

Inverse spectral decomposition using an I_p-norm constraint for the detection of close geological anomalies

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Petroleum Science 2020年第6期17卷 1463-1477页

作者： San-Yi Yuan Shan Yang Tie-Yi Wang Jie Qi Shang-Xu Wang State key {1. of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting CNPC Key Laboratory of Geophysical ExplorationChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China SINOPEC Petroleum exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing 100083China ConocoPhillips School of Geology and Geophysics University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019-0390USA

An important application of spectral decomposition(SD)is to identify subsurface geological anomalies such as channels and karst caves,which may be buried in full-band seismic ***,the classical SD methods including the wavelet transform(WT)are often limited by relatively low time-frequency resolution,which is responsible for false high horizonassociated space resolution probably indicating more geological structures,especially when close geological anomalies *** address this issue,we impose a constraint of minimizing an lp(01.norm of time-frequency spectral coefficients on the misfit derived by using the inverse WT and apply the generalized iterated shrinkage algorithm to invert for the optimal *** with the WT and inverse SD(ISD)using a typical l1.norm constraint,the modified ISD(MISD)using an lp-norm constraint can yield a more compact spectrum contributing to detect the distributions of close geological *** design a 3 D synthetic dataset involving frequency-close thin geological anomalies and the other3 D non-stationary dataset involving time-close anomalies to demonstrate the effectiveness of *** application of 4 D spectrum on a 3 D real dataset with an area of approximately 230 km2 illustrates its potential for detecting deep channels and the karst slope fracture zone.

关键词： Spectral decomposition Seismic interpretation Inverse problem High resolution Deep exploration

A novel fracture-cavity reservoir outcrop geological knowledge base construction method considering parameter collection and processing, mutual transformation of data-knowledge, application and update

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2184-2202页

作者： Qi-Qiang Ren Jin-Liang Gao Peng Zhu Meng-Ping Li Jian-Wei Feng Qiang Jin San Zhang Institute of Sedimentary Geology Chengdu University of Technology PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and Development School of Energy Chengdu University of Technology School of Resources and Geosciences China University of Mining and Technology School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum (East China) School of Geosciences Yangtze University

This study endeavors to formulate a comprehensive methodology for establishing a Geological Knowledge Base(GKB) tailored to fracture-cavity reservoir outcrops within the North Tarim Basin. The acquisition of quantitative geological parameters was accomplished through diverse means such as outcrop observations, thin section studies, unmanned aerial vehicle scanning, and high-resolution cameras. Subsequently, a three-dimensional digital outcrop model was generated, and the parameters were standardized. An assessment of traditional geological knowledge was conducted to delineate the knowledge framework, content, and system of the GKB. The basic parameter knowledge was extracted using multiscale fine characterization techniques, including core statistics, field observations, and microscopic thin section analysis. key mechanism knowledge was identified by integrating trace elements from filling, isotope geochemical tests, and water-rock simulation experiments. Significant representational knowledge was then extracted by employing various methods such as multiple linear regression, neural network technology, and discriminant classification. Subsequently, an analogy study was performed on the karst fracture-cavity system(KFCS) in both outcrop and underground reservoir settings. The results underscored several key findings:(1. Utilization of a diverse range of techniques,including outcrop observations, core statistics, unmanned aerial vehicle scanning, high-resolution cameras, thin section analysis, and electron scanning imaging, enabled the acquisition and standardization of data. This facilitated effective management and integration of geological parameter data from multiple sources and scales.(2) The GKB for fracture-cavity reservoir outcrops, encompassing basic parameter knowledge, key mechanism knowledge, and significant representational knowledge, provides robust data support and systematic geological insights for the intricate and in-depth examination of the genetic

关键词： Geological knowledge base Karst fracture-cavity system Mutual transformation of data-knowledge Knowledge base content and application Tarim basin

Regional unconformities and their controls on hydrocarbon accumulation in Sichuan Basin, sW China

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Petroleum exploration and Development 2023年第3期50卷 573-587页

作者： YANG Weij WEI Guoqi WU Saijun XIE Wuren JIN Hui ZENG Fuying HAO Cuiguo BAI Zhuangzhuang SU Yiqing LI Rong PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and Development Beijing 100083China key {1. of Gas Reservoir Formation and Development CNPCLangfang 065007China

Based on outcrop,seismic and drilling data,the main regional unconformities in the Sichuan Basin and their controls on hydrocarbon accumulation were systematically *** findings are ***,six regional stratigraphic unconformities are mainly developed in the Sichuan Basin,from the bottom up which are between pre-Sinian and Sinian,between Sinian and Cambrian,between pre-Permian and Permian,between middle and upper Permian,between middle and upper Triassic,and between Triassic and ***,1. of 21. conventional(and tight)gas fields discovered are believed to have formed in relation to regional ***,regional unconformity mainly controls hydrocarbon accumulation from five aspects:(1.The porosity and permeability of reservoirs under the unconformity are improved through weathering crust karstification to form large-scale karst reservoirs;(2)Good source-reservoir-caprock assemblage can form near the unconformity,which provides a basis for forming large gas field;(3)Regional unconformity may lead to stratigraphic pinch-out and rugged ancient landform,giving rise to a large area of stratigraphic and lithologic trap groups;(4)Regional unconformity provides a dominant channel for lateral migration of oil and gas;and(5)Regional unconformity is conducive to large-scale accumulation of oil and ***,the areas related to regional unconformities are the exploration focus of large gas fields in the Sichuan *** pre-Sinian is found with source rocks,reservoir rocks and other favorable conditions for the formation of large gas fields,and presents a large exploration ***,it is expected to be an important strategic replacement.

关键词： unconformity large gas filed Sichuan Basin karst reservoir hydrocarbon accumulation control exploration potential

Wide/narrow azimuth acquisition footprints and their effects on seismic imaging

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Petroleum Science 2008年第4期5卷 308-313页

作者： Di Bangrang Xu Xiucang Wei Jianxin key {1. of cnpc Geophysical exploration China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State key {1. of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China key {1. of Earth Prospecting and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Acquisition footprint is a new concept to describe the seismic noise in three-dimensional seismic exploration and it is closely related to geometry and observation shuttering. At present, the study on acquisition footprints has become a hot spot. In partnership with the Dagang Oilfield, we used the channel sand body seismic {1. model to study the characteristics of wide/narrow azimuth acquisition footprints and analyzed and compared the two types of footprints and their effects on target imaging. In addition, the footprints caused by data processing of the normal moveout offset （NMO） stretching aberration were discussed. These footprints are located only in the shallow or middle layer in the time slice, and possibly affect the imaging of shallow target layers, and have no influence on deep target imaging. Seismic {1. modeling has its advantages in the study of acquisition footprints.

关键词： Wide/narrow azimuth geometry acquisition footprint stretching aberration time slice seismic imaging

Sequence sedimentary evolution and reservoir distribution in the third and fourth members of Sinian Dengying Formation,Gaomo area,Sichuan Basin,SW China

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Petroleum exploration and Development 2022年第5期49卷 1004-1018页

作者： TAN Lei LIU Hong CHEN Kang NI Hualing ZHOU Gang ZHANG Xuan YAN Wei ZHONG Yuan LYU Wenzheng TAN Xiucheng ZHANG Kun State key {1. of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and exploration Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Sichuan Natural Gas Geology key {1. Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China cnpc {1. laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs Southwest Petroleum University Division Chengdu 610500China Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oilfield CompanyChengdu 610041China Southwest Geophysical Research Institute BGPCNPCChengdu 610213China

Based on comprehensive analysis of cores,thin sections,logging and seismic data,the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of the third and fourth members of Sinian Dengying Formation(Deng 3 and Deng 4 members for short)in the Gaomo area of Sichuan Basin were investigated,and the favorable zones for reservoir development in the Deng 3 Member and Deng 4 Member were predicted.(1.Two Type I and one Type II sequence boundaries are identified in the Deng 3 and Deng 4 *** on the identified sequence boundaries,the Deng 3 and Deng 4 members can be divided into two third order sequences SQ3 and SQ4,which are well-developed,isochronal and traceable in this area;the SQ3 thins from west to the east,and the SQ4 thins from northwest to southeast.(2)The sedimentary environment from the depositional period of SQ3 to SQ4 has experienced the evolution from mixed platform to rimmed platform,and the platform rimmed system on the west side is characterized by the development of platform margin microbial mound and grain shoal *** intraplatform area is a restricted platform facies composed of a variety of dolomites,and there are local micro-geomorphic highlands of different scales and scattered intraplatform mounds and shoals.(3)The Deng 4 Member reservoirs,with obvious facies-controlled characteristic,are mainly distributed in the upper part of high-frequency upward shallow cycle and the high-stand systems tract of the third-order sequence vertically,and are more developed in the platform margin belt than in the intraplatform belt,and more developed in the Gaoshiti platform margin belt than in the west Suining platform margin belt on the plane.(4)Three types of favorable reservoir zones of Deng 4 Member have been finely delineated with 3D seismic data;among them,the mound and shoal facies zones developed in the ancient highlands of the intraplatform are the first choice for the next exploration and development of the Deng 4 Member.

关键词： Sinian Dengying Formation rimmed platform sequence stratigraphy sedimentary evolution reservoir favorable exploration zone Gaomo area Sichuan Basin

Mechanism of catalytic hydropyrolysis of sedimentary organic matter with MoS_2

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Petroleum Science 2011年第2期8卷 134-142页

作者： He Kun Zhang Shuichang Mi Jingkui Chen Jianping Cheng Lei Petroleum Geology Research and Central laboratory Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development （RIPED） PetroChina Beijing 100083 China cnpc {1. Laboratories for Petroleum Geochemistry Beijing 100083 China

MoS2 was used as an efficient catalyst for hydropyrolysis （Hypy） of three samples of sedimentary organic matter with different maturities. Through comparison with Soxhlet extraction （SE）, it was found that MoS2 catalytic Hypy can remarkably promote the yields of total chloroform extracts, saturates, aromatics, hopanes and steranes. In addition, the difference of biomarker parameters indicated that isomerization of covalently-bound biomarkers is much more difficult than their free counterparts. Meanwhile, the high conversion of total organic carbon （TOC） in MoS2 catalytic Hypy of organic matter proved that the presence of dispersed molybdenum sulfide accelerated the breaking of C-C bonds and the release of hydrocarbons. To address the catalytic mechanism, a series of control experiments based on free Hypy and catalytic Hypy were conducted. The results showed that the calculated atomic ratio of carbon conversion/hydrogen conversion for catalytic Hypy was much larger than the presumed value of 1.2, indicating that intensive hydrogenation took place and significantly influenced the distribution of liquid products. Analysis of stable hydrogen isotope data, infrared spectra and m/z 83 ion chromatograph of the saturate fraction further confirmed this hypothesis. The difference of S content changing （AS） between catalyst-free Hypy and catalytic Hypy, and the thermal characteristics of the catalyst, indicated that active H2S was definitely generated and it probably initiated free radical reactions in the early stage of hydropyrolysis of organic matter.

关键词： Catalytic hydropyrolysis molybdenum disulfide kerogen coal Soxhlet extraction,biomarkers

A study of hydrate plug formation in a subsea natural gas pipeline using a novel high-pressure flow loop

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Petroleum Science 2013年第1期10卷 97-105页

作者： Li Wenqing Gong Jing Lü Xiaofang Zhao Jiankui Feng Yaorong Yu Da Beijing key {1. of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology China University of Petroleum China National Oil and Gas exploration and Development Corporation cnpc Tubular Goods Research Institute

The natural gas pipeline from Platform QKI8-1.in the southwest of Bohai Bay to the onshore processing facility is a subsea wet gas pipeline exposed to high pressure and low temperature for a long distance. Blockages in the pipeline occur occasionally. To maintain the natural gas flow in the pipeline, we proposed a method for analyzing blockages and ascribed them to the hydrate formation and agglomeration. A new high-pressure flow loop was developed to investigate hydrate plug formation and hydrate particle size, using a mixture of diesel oil, water, and natural gas as experimental fluids. The influences of pressure and initial flow rate were also studied. Experimental results indicated that when the flow rate was below 850 kg/h, gas hydrates would form and then plug the pipeline, even at a low water content （1.%） of a water/oil emulsion. Furthermore, some practical suggestions were made for daily management of the subsea pipeline.

关键词： Natural gas hydrate blockage flow assurance high-pressure loop water cut flow rate

Paleoporosity and critical porosity in the accumulation period and their impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation—A case study of the middle Es3 member of the Paleogene formation in the Niuzhuang Sag, Dongying Depression, Southeastern Bohai Bay Basin, East Chi

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Petroleum Science 2014年第4期11卷 495-507页

作者： Liu Mingjie Liu Zhen Sun Xiaoming Wang Biao School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum University State key {1. of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Research Institute of Geophysical {1. of Huabei Oilfield CNPC

Similar reservoir sandbodies and fault conduit systems in the sandstone reservoirs in the middle Es3 member of the Niuzhuang Sag have been problematic for a long time. The following problems remain unsolved： 1. The distribution of sandstone porosity is inconsistent with the hydrocarbon accumulation. The oil sandstones have low porosity instead of high porosity. 2） Sandstones, which have the same properties, have different levels of oiliness, and the sandstones with almost the same properties show different degrees of oil-bearing capacity. This study analyzes the condition of reservoirs in the research area during the accumulation period in terms of paleoporosity estimation and discusses the critical porosity of the sandstone reservoirs during the same period. The following conclusions can be drawn from the results. 1. Although reservoir properties are low at present and some reservoirs have become tight, the paleoporosity ranging from 1.% to 25% is greater than the critical porosity of 1..9%. As the： loss of porosity is different in terms of burial history, the present porosity cannot reflect porosity during the accumulation period. Similar/y, high porosity during the accumulation period does not indicate that tbe present porosity is high. 2） The present reservoir location is consistent with the distribution of high paleoporosity during the accumulation period. This result indicates that high porosity belts are prone to hydrocarbon accumulation because of the dominant migration pathways generated as a result of property discrepancies under similar fault conduit conditions. Consequently, the hydrocarbon mainly accumulates in high porosity belts. Paleoporosity during the accumulation period is found to be a vital controlling factor. Therefore, high paleoporosity sandstones in the middle Es3 member of the Niuzhuang Sag have great potential for future exploration.

关键词： Paleoporosity critical porosity dominant migration pathways hydrocarbon accumulation,middle Es3 member Niuzhuang Sag Bohai Bay Basin