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Decoding molecular mechanisms:brain aging and Alzheimer's disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2279-2299页

作者： Mahnoor Hayat Rafay Ali Syed Hammad Qaiser Mohammad Uzair Khalid Al-Regaiey Roaa Khallaf Lubna Abdullah Mohammed Albassam Imdad Kaleem Xueyi Wang Ran Wang Mehwish SBhatti Shahid Bashir Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences(ASAB) National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)IslamabadPakistan department of Biotechnology Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Basic&Applied SciencesInternational Islamic University Islamabad(IIUI)IslamabadPakistan department of Bioengineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahranSaudi Arabia department of Physiology College of MedicineKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia department of Neurology Neuroscience CenterKing Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia department of Mental Health Neuroscience CenterKing Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia department of Biosciences Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South(COMSATS University)IslamabadPakistan department of psychiatry The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University ShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Neuroscience Center King Fahad Specialist Hospital DammamDammamSaudi Arabia

The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for *** aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions,but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's *** these observable,mild morphological shifts,significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging *** these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health,especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect *** review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes,differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia,particularly Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease brain aging cognitive health dementia molecular mechanisms neuronal activity neuroplasticity neurotransmission

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Insights from an academic endeavor into central nervous system drug discovery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1717-1718页

作者： Lieve van Veggel An M.Voets Tim Vanmierlo Rudy Schreiber BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesHasselt UniversityHasseltBelgium department of psychiatry and Neuropsychology Division of Translational NeuroscienceEuropean Graduate School of NeuroscienceSchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands Section of Psychopharmacology Neuropsychology and PsychopharmacologyFaculty of Psychology and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands University MS Center(UMSC) Hasselt-PeltBelgium

Historically,"big pharma"did most central nervous system drug discovery R&D ***,in modern times their"management reductionism"resulted in disappointing pipelines and pharma resided to(late)development,regulatory approval,and marketing(Thong,2015).This had significant consequences for financing and executing research,resulting in a larger role for funding by governments and patient-organizations and a shift of research to academia(Mazzucato,2013).

关键词： academic approval consequences

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Advances in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder:Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cell transplantation

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第1期15卷 72-79页

作者： Serdar Kabatas ErdinçCivelek Eyüp Can Savrunlu Umut Karaaslan Özlem Yıldız Erdal Karaöz department of Neurosurgery University of Health Sciences TurkeyGaziosmanpaşa Training and Research HospitalIstanbul 34255Türkiye department of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology Institute of Health Sciences Marmara UniversityIstanbul 34865Türkiye Center for stem Cell&Gene Therapy Research and Practice University of Health Sciences TurkeyIstanbul 34255Türkiye department of Child and Adolescent psychiatry University of Health SciencesGaziosmanpaşa Training and Research HospitalIstanbul 34255Türkiye department of Child and Adolescent psychiatry Kocaeli University Faculty of MedicineKocaeli 41001Türkiye Center for Regenerative Medicine and stem Cell Research&Manufacturing Liv HospitalIstanbul 34340Türkiye department of Histology and Embryology Istinye UniversityFaculty of MedicineIstanbul 34010Türkiye Center for stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research and Practice Istinye UniversityIstanbul 34340Türkiye

BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multifaceted *** recent studies,neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation have come to the forefront in its *** are studies suggesting that stem cell therapy may be effective in the treatment of *** To evolve the landscape of ASD treatment,focusing on the potential benefits and safety of stem cell *** A detailed case report is presented,displaying the positive outcomes observed in a child who underwent intrathecal and intravenous Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)transplantation combined with *** The study demonstrates a significant improvement in the child’s functional outcomes(Childhood Autism Rating Scale,Denver 2 Developmental Screening Test),especially in language and gross motor *** serious side effects were encountered during the 2-year *** The findings support the safety and effectiveness of WJ-MSC transplantation in managing ASD.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Neurorehabilitation stem cell transplantation Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cells Inflammation

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Systematic review: The placebo effect of psychological interventions in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第12期23卷 2223-2233页

作者： Carla E Flik Laura Bakker Wijnand Laan Yanda R van Rood André JPM Smout Niek J de Wit department of General Practice Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Centre Utrecht department of psychiatry and Psychology St Antonius Hospital department of psychiatry University Medical Centre department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Academic Medical Centre

AIM To determine the placebo response rate associated with different types of placebo interventions used in psychological intervention studies for irritable bowel syndrome. METHODS Randomized controlled trials comparing psychological interventions(stress management/relaxation therapy(cognitive) behavioral therapy, short-term psychodynamic therapy, and hypnotherapy) for the treatment of adult patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) diagnosed with the Manning or Rome criteria with an adequate placebo control treatment and reporting data on IBS symptom severity were identified by searching Pub Med, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Psyc INFO databases. Full-text articles that were written in English and published between 1966 and February 2016 in peer-reviewed journals were selected for the present review. Placebo interventions were considered to be adequate if the number of sessions and the amount of time spent with the therapist were the same as in the active treatment. The placebo response rate(PRR) was computed for IBS symptom severity(primary outcome measure) as well as for anxiety, depression and quality of life(secondary outcome measures). RESULTS Six studies, with a total of 555 patients met the inclusion criteria. Four studies used an educational intervention, whereas two studies used a form of supportive therapy as the placebo intervention. The PRR for IBS symptom severity ranged from 25% to 59%, with a pooled mean of 41.4%. The relative PRR for the secondary outcome measures ranged from 0% to 267% for anxiety, 6% to 52% for depression 20% to 125% for quality of life. The PRR associated with pharmacological treatments, treatment with dietary bran and complementary medicine ranged from 37.5% to 47%. Contrary to our expectations, the PRR in studies on psychological interventions was comparable to that in studies on pharmacological, dietary and alternative medical *** The PRR is probably determined to a larger extent by patient-re

关键词： Placebo effect Psychological interventions Irritable bowel syndrome Systematic review

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Challenges and improvement strategies in the hospitalization of chronic multimorbid patients

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第3期13卷 35-41页

作者： Andres Fontalba-Navas Francisco Pozo Muñoz Rogelio Garcia Cisneros Maria Jose Garcia Larrosa Maria del Mar Callejon Gil Ignacio Garcia Delgado Maria Belen Jimenez Martinez Antequera Hospital Northern Málaga Integrated Healthcare AreaAntequera 29200AndalusiaSpain department of Public Health and psychiatry University of MálagaMálaga 29010Spain Antequera Hospital Northern Málaga Antequera Integrated Healthcare AreaAntequera 29200MálagaSpain

BACKGROUND Addressing the growing challenge of hospitalizing chronic multimorbid patients,this study examines the strain these conditions impose on healthcare systems at a local level,focusing on a pilot *** diseases and complex patients require comprehensive management strategies to reduce healthcare burdens and improve patient *** proven effective,this pilot model has the potential to be replicated in other healthcare settings to enhance the management of chronic multimorbid *** To evaluate the effectiveness of the high complexity unit(HCU)in managing chronic multimorbid patients through a multidisciplinary care model and to compare it with standard hospital *** The study employed a descriptive longitudinal approach,analyzing data from the Basic Minimum Data Set(BMDS)to compare hospitalization variables among the HCU,the Internal Medicine Service,and other services at Antequera Hospital throughout *** HCU,designed for patients with complex chronic conditions,integrates a patient-centered model emphasizing multidisciplinary care and continuity *** The study employed a descriptive longitudinal approach,analyzing data from the BMDS to compare hospitalization variables among the HCU,the Internal Medicine Service,and other services at Antequera Hospital throughout *** HCU,designed for patients with complex chronic conditions,integrates a patient-centered model emphasizing multidisciplinary care and continuity *** This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the HCU in managing patients with complex chronic diseases through a multidisciplinary *** coordinated care provided by the HCU results in improved patient outcomes,reduced unnecessary hospitalizations,and better management of patient *** superiority of the HCU compared to standard care is evident in key outcomes such as fewer readmissions and higher patient satisfaction,reinforcing its value as a model of ca

关键词： High complexity unit Chronic multimorbidity Patient-centered care Integrated care Healthcare management

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Negative efficacy of antidepressants in pharmacotherapy of child and adolescent depression

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World Journal of psychiatry 2025年第1期15卷 32-36页

作者： Min Xu Hai-Ying Jin Feng-Li Sun Wei-Dong Jin department of psychiatry Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310053Zhejiang ProvinceChina department of psychiatry Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou 310012Zhejiang ProvinceChina department of psychiatry Zhejiang Provincial Mental Health CenterHangzhou 311122Zhejiang ProvinceChina

Antidepressants are the main drugs used to treat depression,but they have not been shown to be effective in the treatment of child and adolescent ***,many adolescent depression treatment guidelines still recommend the use of antidepressants,especially specific serotonin re-uptake *** studies have suggested that antidepressants have little therapeutic effect but many side effects,such as switching to mania,suicide,and non-suicidal self injury(NSSI),in the treatment of child and adolescent *** the process of developing guidelines,drug recommendations should not only focus on impro-ving symptoms,but they should also consider potential side *** review discusses the serious side effects of antidepressants,including switching to mania,suicide,and NSSI.

关键词： Child depression Adolescent depression Antidepressant Switch Suicide Non-suicidal self injury

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Deuterated dextromethorphan/quinidine for agitation in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第5期17卷 1013-1014页

作者： Rita Khoury department of psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Saint George Hospital University Medical Center-BeirutLebanon.Adjunct FacultyDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral NeuroscienceSaint Louis University School of MedicineSt.LouisMIUSA

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most common type of neurode generative disorder;it affects around 47 million individuals worldwide(Prince et al.,2013).AD rose from the 12 th most burdensome disease in the United states ... 详细信息

关键词： Alzheimer agitation

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Psychological controversies in gastroparesis: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第7期23卷 1298-1309页

作者： Sally Woodhouse Geoff Hebbard Simon R Knowles department of Psychological Sciences Swinburne University of Technology department of Gastro-enterology the Royal Melbourne Hospital department of Medicine University of Melbourne department of psychiatry St Vincent’s Hospital

To systematically review literature addressing three key psychologically-oriented controversies associated with *** comprehensive search of PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases was performed to identify literature addressing the relationship between gastroparesis and psychological factors. Two researchers independently screened all references. Inclusion criteria were: an adult sample of gastroparesis patients, a quantitative methodology, and at least one of the following: (1) evaluation of the prevalence of psychopathology; (2) an outcome measure of anxiety, depression, or quality of life; and (3) evidence of a psychological intervention. Case studies, review articles, and publications in languages other than English were excluded from the current *** of psychopathology was evaluated by three studies (n = 378), which found that combined anxiety/depression was present in 24% of the gastroparesis cohort, severe anxiety in 12.4%, depression in 21.8%-23%, and somatization in 50%. Level of anxiety and depression was included as an outcome measure in six studies (n = 1408), and while limited research made it difficult to determine the level of anxiety and depression in the cohort, a clear positive relationship with gastroparesis symptom severity was evident. Quality of life was included as an outcome measure in 11 studies (n = 2076), with gastroparesis patients reporting lower quality of life than population norms, and a negative relationship between quality of life and symptom severity. One study assessed the use of a psychological intervention for gastroparesis patients (n = 120) and found that depression and gastric function were improved in patients who received psychological intervention, however the study had considerable methodological *** is associated with significant psychological distress and poor quality of life. Recommendations for future studies and the development of psychological int

关键词： Anxiety Depression Gastroparesis Quality of life Psychological distress

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Brain glucose metabolism and neuropsychological test in patients with mild cognitive impairment

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Chinese Medical Journal 2003年第8期116卷 1235-1238页

作者：曹秋云江开达张明园刘永昌肖世富左传涛黄红芳 department of psychiatry Huashan HospitalFudan University department of psychiatry Shanghai Mental Health Center department of Nuclear Medicine Huashan HospitalFudan University

Objective To investigate the features of regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglc) in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI) by positron emission-tomography and its relationship with neuropsychological *** Positron emission tomography,mini-mental state examination and Wechsler memory scale were applied in 10 patients with MCI and 10 healthy volunteers as the control group. Results Scores of mini-mental state examination and Wechsler memory scale in MCI patients were lower than those in the control group ( P 1). rCMRglc of the left orbital gyrus,right middle temporal gyrus and right putamen was lower in the MCI group than in the control group ( P stcentral gyrus,and medial occipitotemporal gyrus in MCI patients,were correlated negatively with age; while the rCMRglc of many parts of the brain such as the left putamen,temporal lobe,anterior cingulate gyrus,left insular lobe,amygdaloid body,precentral gyrus,postcentral gyrus and medial occipitotemporal gyrus were correlated positively with mini-mental state examination; and rCMRglc of the left putamen,temporal lobe,left insular lobe,precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus were correlated positively with Wechsler memory scale. The right putamen,the right inferior temporal gyrus,precentral gyrus,and left postcentral gyrus were correlated positively with the length of education. However,only rCMRglc of the left amygdaloid body were correlated positively with gender. Conclusion The rCMRglc was lower in the orbital gyrus and putamen of MCI patients. Their rCMRglc were correlated with their cognitive impairment severity,age,length of education and sex.

关键词： dementia·cognitive disorders·tomography emission-computed·deoxyglucose·neuropsychology

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Challenges in the management of visual and tactile hallucinations in elderly people

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World Journal of psychiatry 2025年第1期15卷 185-188页

作者： Si-Sheng Huang Division of Geriatric psychiatry Department of PsychiatryChanghua Christian HospitalChanghua 500Taiwan department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine College of MedicineNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung 402Taiwan

This letter provides a concise review of the pertinent literature on visual and tactile hallucinations in elderly *** discussion addresses differential diagnoses and potential underlying mechanisms,as well as the psychopathology associated with tactile hallucinations,and emphasizes the necessity for invest-igation into the possibility of coexisting delusional infestation(parasitosis).These symptoms frequently manifest in patients with primary psychotic disorders,organic mental disorders,and substance use *** proposed pathophy-siological mechanisms may involve dopaminergic imbalances and dysfunction of the striatal dopamine transporter.

关键词： Delusional infestation Dementia Haptic hallucination Scratching behavior Tactile hallucination Visual hallucination Alzheimer’s disease

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