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World Journal of pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 404-412页

作者： Xin‑Nan Zong Hui Li Ya‑Qin Zhang Department of Growth and Development Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing 100020China

Background A more comprehensive assessment of growth and nutrition in children is required in China due to rapid socioeconomic *** aimed to investigate height and body mass index(BMI)trajectories from 1975 to 2015 and the prevalence of stunting and obesity in 2016 among children in Chinese *** A total of 904,263 children from birth to 6.9 years were collected from a series of nationally representative surveys in *** and BMI trajectories and prevalence of stunting,underweight,overweight and obesity were *** The average height level of Chinese urban children under 7 years presented a positive secular trend from 1975 to 2015;however,a slowing tendency occurred in 2005‒*** apparent increase was observed at the 5th,50th and 95th percentiles of BMI in urban children aged 3 years and older,with a more prominent increase at the 95th *** total prevalence of stunting and underweight under 7 years was 1.4%and 2.0%,*** total prevalence of overweight and obesity under 7 years was 12.6%and 4.3%,respectively,with 12.7%and 4.9%for boys,12.6%and 3.6%for girls,12.1%and 4.0%in urban areas and 13.1%and 4.5%in suburban rural *** The average height level of Chinese urban children has reached World Health Organization child growth standards since 2005 and presented a slowing tendency in secular trend in 2005‒*** attention and efforts and public health interventions should be urgently made to combat overweight and obesity among preschool children.

关键词： Body mass index Children Height Obesity Stunting

儿科临床实践中可能的A族链球菌性咽炎与快速抗原检测试验的敏感性之间的关系

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第8期2卷 59-60页

作者： Edmonson M. B. Farwell K. R. 俞晓梅(译) - pediatrics 2005 115/2 (280-285) 不详

*** sensitivity of a rapid antigen-detection test(RADT)for group A streptococcal(GAS)pharyngitis is critical to whether the test is cost-effe ctive and to whether a confirmatory throat culture is *** evaluated a second-generation RADT to determine if its sensitivity varies across the broa d clinical spectrum of patients tested for GAS in pediatric outpatient *** used laboratory logbooks from a single pediatric clinic to identify 1184 consecutive patient visits at which an RADT was *** a blinded ch art review,we calculated McIsaac scores to separately estimate the pretest clin ical likelihood of GAS pharyngitis for visits at which the RADT result was posit ive(n = 384)and for visits at which the result proved to be false-negative(n = 65).Positive RADT results were assumed to be true positives,and test sensit ivity was estimated by dividing the number of positive results by the sum of pos itives and *** the clinical likelihood of GAS increase d,there were stepwise increases in RADT sensitivity(from 0.67 to 0.88).Sensit ivity was low(0.73;95%confidence interval [CI]:0.62-0.86)in patients clini cally unlikely to have GAS(McIsaac score ≤2)and high(0.94;95%CI:0.89-0.9 9)in patients < 15 years old who had tonsillar exudate and no ***-neg ative RADT results were associated with lighter growth of GAS than found on spec imens obtained from a random sample of clinic patients who had only primary thro at cultures *** pediatric patients who are clinically unli kely to have GAS pharyngitis,as indicated by a McIsaac score ≤2,the sensitivi ty of a second-generation RADT may drop below thresholds reported for cost-eff *** children who have tonsillar exudate and no cough,the test may b e sensitive enough to meet current pediatric practice guidelines for stand-alon e testing.

关键词：链球菌性咽炎检测试验儿科门诊临床实践敏感性抗原 A族真阳性成本效益临床类型

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早产儿足月时的脑结构异常

世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第8期2卷 60-61页

作者： Inder T. E. Warfield S. K. Wang H. 俞晓梅(译) - pediatrics 2005 115/2 (286-294) 不详

***-term studies of the outcome of very prematurely born infants have clearly documented that the majority of such infants have significant moto r,cognitive,and behavioral ***,there is a limited understanding of the nature of the cerebral abnormality underlying these adverse neurologic o *** overall aim of this study was to define quantitatively the alt erations in cerebral tissue volumes at term equivalent in a large longitudinal c ohort study of very low birth weight premature infants in comparison to term-bo rn infants by using advanced volumetric 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imagin g(MRI)*** also aimed to define any relationship of such perinatal l esions as white matter(WM)-injury or other potentially adverse factors to the quantitative structural ***,we wished to identify the rel ationship of the structural alterations to short-term neurodevelopmental outcom *** November 1998 to December 2000,119 consecutive premature infan ts admitted to the neonatal intensive care units at Christchurch Women’s Hospit al(Christchurch,New Zealand)and the Royal Women’s Hospital(Melbourne,Austr alia)were recruited(88%of eligible)after informed parental consent to underg o an MRI scan at term ***-one term-born infants across both sit es were recruited *** advanced 3-dimensional tissue segmentat ion with 3-dimensional reconstruction was undertaken to estimate volumes of cer ebral tissues:gray matter(GM;cortical and deep nuclear structures),WM(myelinated and unmyelinated),and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF).*** comp arison to the term-born infants,the premature infants at term demonstrated pro minent reductions in cerebral cortical GM volume(premature infants [mean ±SD]:178 ±41 mL;term infants:227 ±26 mL)and in deep nuclear GM volume(prematur e infants:10.8 ±4.1 mL;term infants:13.8 ±5.2 mL)and an increase in CSF vo lume(premature infants:45.6 ±22.1 mL;term infants:28.9

关键词：极低出生体重早产儿脑结构异常足月新生儿重症监护病房三维重建不良转归结构改变妇产医院磁共振成像 MRI扫描

轻度脱水患儿的口服补液与静脉补液:一项随机对照试验

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第8期2卷 61-62页

作者： Spandorfer P. R. Alessandrini E. A. Joffe M. D. 俞晓梅(译) - pediatrics 2005 115/2 (295 -301 ) 不详

*** from viral gastroenteritis is a significant pediatric health *** rehydration therapy(ORT)is recommended as firstline thera py for both mildly and moderately dehydrated children;however,three quarters o f pediatric emergency medicine physicians who are very familiar with the America n Academy of pediatrics recommendations for ORT still use intravenous fluid ther apy(IVF)for moderately dehydrated *** test the hypothesis that the failure rate of ORT would not be > 5%greater than the failure rate of *** hypotheses were that patients in the ORT group will(1)require l ess time initiating therapy,(2)show more improvement after 2 hours of therapy,(3)have fewer hospitalizations,and(4)prefer ORT for future episodes of dehy ***.A randomized,controlled clinical trial(noninferiority study design)was performed in the emergency department of an urban children’s hospit al from December 2001 to April *** 8 weeks to 3 years old were eligib le if they were moderately dehydrated,based on a validated 10-point score,fro m viral *** were randomized to receive either ORT or IVF d uring the 4-hour *** physicians were masked and assessed all patien ts before randomization at 2 and 4 hours of *** rehydration at 4 hours was defined as resolution of moderate dehydration,production of urine,weight gain,and the absence severe emesis(≥5 mL/kg).R ***-three patients were enrolled in the study:36 were randomized t o ORT and 37 were randomized to *** dehydration scores and the number of prior episodes of emesis and diarrhea were similar in the 2 *** demon strated noninferiority for the main outcome measure and was found to be favorabl e with secondary *** of both the ORT and IVF groups were rehydrated s uccessfully at 4 hours(difference:-1.2%;95%confidence interval [CI]:-24.0%to 21.6%).The time required to initiate therapy was less in the

关键词：随机对照试验脱水患儿静脉补液口服补液病毒性胃肠炎美国儿科学会治疗方法医院急诊科轻度内科医师

Changes of feeding patterns in Chinese city children under 2 years from 1985 to 2015: results from a series of national cross-sectional surveys

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World Journal of pediatrics 2019年第2期15卷 176-181页

作者： Hua-Hong Wu Ya-Qin Zhang Xin-Nan Zong Hui Li Department of Growth and Development Capital Institute of PediatricsYaBao RoadChaoYang DistrictBeijing 100020China

Background In China,as the social transformation and economic development from 1985 to 2015,children's feeding pattern has undergone some *** we aimed to analyze the secular trend on feeding patterns of city children in *** All data were from a series of national survey which implemented once every 10 years in China from 1985 to *** use same indexes to evaluate the feeding pattern of children in these four *** From 1985 to 2005,the exclusive breastfeeding rates in infants under 6 months of age decreased,especially in suburban areas decreased by 17.7%;the continuous breastfeeding rate of 1-year-old children in suburban area decreased from 60.1 to 27.6%.However,from 2005 to 2015,the exclusive breastfeeding rates under 6 months of age increased by 16.0% in urban areas and 5.9% in suburban areas;the continuous breastfeeding rate of 1-year-old children in urban increased from 17.0 to 36.0%.The overall feeding rate of complementary food in infants under 6 months of age declined from 1985 to 2015;the average age at introduction of all complementary foods was around 6 months of age in *** There is an obvious trend on feeding pattern of Chinese *** 1985 to 2005,the breastfeeding rate decreased,the duration time of breastfeeding was shortened and the age at introduction of complementary food was *** 2005 to 2015,the breastfeeding rate increased,the duration time of breastfeeding was prolonged,and the age at introduction of complementary food was postponed.

关键词： Breastfeeding Complementary feeding Infant and young children Secular change

Prevalence and risk factors of stress-induced gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill children

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第43期11卷 6839-6842页

作者： Chookhuan Nithiwathanapong Sanit Reungrongrat Nuthapong Ukarapol Department of pediatrics

AIM： To assess the frequency and the risk factors of stress-induced gastrointestinal （GI） bleeding in children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit （PICU）. METHODS： The medical records of children aged between 1 month and 15 years admitted to the PICU between January 2002 and December 2002 were reviewed. Demographic data, indications for PICU admission, principle diagnosis, and basic laboratory investigations were recorded. Previously described factors for stress ulcer bleeding （mechanical ventilation, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, renal insufficiency, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, and intracranial pathology） were used as independent variables in a multivariate analysis. RESULTS： One hundred and seventy of two hundred and five medical records were eligible for review. The most common indication for PICU admission was respiratory failure （48.8%）. Twenty-five children received stress ulcer bleeding prophylaxis with ranitidine. The incidence of stress ulcer bleeding was 43.5%, in which 5.3% were clinically significant bleeding. Only mechanical ventilation and thrombocytopenia were significantly associated with stress ulcer bleeding using the univariate analysis. The odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were 5.13 （1.86-14.12） and 2.26 （1.07-4.74）, respectively. However, the logistic regression analysis showed that mechanical ventilation was the only significant risk factor with the odds ratio of 14.1. CONCLUSION： The incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding was high in critically ill children. Mechanical ventilation was an important risk factor for gastrointestinal bleeding.

关键词： Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Stress Risk factor Child

Molecular physiology of vesicular glutamate transporters in the digestive system

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第12期11卷 1731-1736页

作者： Fayez K.Ghishan Departments of pediatrics and Medicine

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Packaging and storage of glutamate into glutamatergic neuronal vesicles require ATP-dependent vesicular glutamate uptake systems, which utilize the electrochemical proton gradient as a driving force. Three vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT1-3) have been recently identified from neuronal tissue where they play a key role to maintain the vesicular glutamate level. Recently, it has been demonstrated that glutamate signaling is also functional in peripheral neuronal and non-neuronal tissues, and occurs in sites of pituitary, adrenal, pineal glands, bone, GI tract, pancreas,skin, and testis. The glutamate receptors and VGLUTs in digestivesystem have been found in both neuronal and endocrinal cells. The glutamate signaling in the digestive system may have significant relevance to diabetes and GI tract motility disorders. This review will focus on the most recent update of molecular physiology of digestive VGLUTs.

关键词： Glutamate Vesicular glutamate transporters Digestive system

来曲唑显著改善了一名生长激素缺乏的青春期男童的生长状况

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第8期2卷 58-59页

作者： Zhou P. Shah B. Prasad K. David R. 俞晓梅(译) 不详 - pediatrics 2005 115/2(e245 - e248 )

Clinical experience with using an aromatase inhibitor to suppress estrogen pro duction during puberty for improvement of growth potential in adolescents with s hort stature is *** report documents treatment of such a patient with a combination of growth hormone and letrozole,a third-generation aromatase inh *** case demonstrates a favorable outcome on a short-term basis.

关键词：生长激素缺乏生长状况来曲唑青春期芳香酶抑制剂男童临床经验身材矮小短期效果雌激素

Immunosurveillance function of human mast cell?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第44期11卷 7054-7056页

作者： ner zdemir Department of pediatrics

Mast cell (MC) is so widely recognized as a critical effector in allergic disorders that it can be difficult to think of MC in any other context. Indeed, MCs are multifunctional and recently shown that MCs can also act as antigen presenters as well as effector elements of human immune system. First observations of their possible role as anti-tumor cells in peri- or intra-tumoral tissue were mentioned five decades ago and a high content of MCs is considered as a favorable prognosis,consistent with this study. Believers of this hypothesis assumed them to be inhibitors of tumor development through their pro-apoptotic and -necrolytic granules e.g.,granzymes and TNF-α. However, some still postulate them to be enhancers of tumor development through their effects on angiogenesis due to mostly *** are also some data suggesting increased MC density causes tumor development and indicates bad prognosis. Furthermore, since MC-associated mediators have shown to influence various aspects of tumor biology, the net effect of MCs on the development/progression of tumors has been difficult to evaluate. For instance, chymase induces apoptosis in targets; yet,tryptase, another MC protease, is a well-known *** with these various enzyme expression patterns may mediate different functions and the predominant MC type in tissues may be determined by the environmental needs. The coexistence of tryptase-expressing MCs(MCT) and chymase and tryptase-expressing MCs (MCTC)in physiological conditions reflects a naturally occurring balance that contributes to tissue homeostasis. We have recently discussed the role and relevance of MC serine proteases in different bone marrow diseases.

关键词： Mast cell Immunosurveillance Tryptasechymase Cytotoxicity Tumors

Crohn's disease and recurrent appendicitis: A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第43期11卷 6891-6893页

作者： Ron Shaoul Yosi Rimar Aurora Toubi Jorge Mogilner Reuven Polak Michael Jaffe Department of pediatrics Department of Radiology

The clinical diagnosis of classic Crohn's disease (CD)of the small bowel is based on a typical history, tender right lower quadrant fullness or mass, and characteristic radiographic findings of the terminal ileum. Appendicitis may as well present with chronic or recurrent symptoms and this presentation may be confused with CD. We herein describe the case of a young teenage girl with a presumptive diagnosis of CD, who was ultimately diagnosed as having chronic nongranulomatous appendicitis. The literature on the subject is reviewed.

关键词： Chronic appendicitis Crohn's disease Diagnosis Terminal ileitis Adolescent