贵州省位于中国西南地区,地形复杂,暴雨灾害的频繁,对当地社会经济发展构成了严重威胁。本研究基于1981~2020年贵州省84个气象站点的逐日降水数据,采用日降雨量大于50 mm的标准对暴雨事件进行界定,进一步将暴雨分为暴雨、大暴雨和特大暴雨三个等级。通过计算暴雨集中度(RCD)和集中期(RCP),并通过置信度0.01显著性检验,本文深入分析了贵州暴雨的时空分布特征及其变化趋势。研究发现,贵州暴雨具有明显的夜间多发性、季节性集中性和地域性分布特征。暴雨集中度和集中期的分布与地形密切相关,其中安顺西部与六盘水东部交界处的集中度最高,RCP的分布则与RCD高度重合。此外,暴雨日数的时间演变分析表明,暴雨总体呈增加趋势,且2008年后5年滑动平均出现滞后现象。空间分布上,暴雨总量和日数的分布不完全一致,但在西部、南部以及东北部地区暴雨较为集中。Guizhou Province is located in the southwestern region of China, with complex terrain. Frequent rainstorm disasters pose a serious threat to the local social and economic development. Based on the daily precipitation data of 84 meteorological stations in Guizhou Province from 1981 to 2020, this study defines rainstorm events using the criterion that the daily rainfall is greater than 50 mm, and further divides rainstorms into three grades: rainstorm, heavy rainstorm and severe rainstorm. By calculating the Rainfall Concentration Degree (RCD) and Rainfall Concentration Period (RCP), and through the significance test with a confidence level of 0.01, this paper deeply analyzes the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and change trends of rainstorms in Guizhou. The study finds that rainstorms in Guizhou have obvious characteristics of frequent occurrence at night, seasonal concentration and regional distribution. The distribution of the Rainfall Concentration Degree and Rainfall Concentration Period is closely related to the terrain. Among them, the concentration degree is the highest at the junction of the western part of Anshun and the eastern part of Liupanshui, and the distribution of RCP highly coincides with that of RCD. In addition, the analysis of the temporal evolution of the number of rainstorm days shows that the rainstorms generally show an increasing trend, and there is a lag phenomenon in the 5-year moving average after 2008. In terms of spatial distribution, the distribution of the total amount of rainstorms and the number of rainstorm days is not completely consistent, but rainsto
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