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Improvement of Yield and Its Related Traits for Backbone Hybrid rice Parent Minghui 86 Using Advanced Backcross Breeding Strategies

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第4期12卷 561-570页

作者： ZHANG Hong-jun WANG Hui YE Guo-you QIAN Yi-liang SHI Ying-yao XIA Jia-fa LI Ze-fu ZHU Ling-hua GAO Yong-ming LI Zhi-kang National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Ministry of Agriculture & National Development and Reform Commission/Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences rice research institute Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences international rice research institute College of Agriculture Anhui Agricultural University

How to overcome yield stagnation is a big challenge to rice breeders. An effective method for quickly developing new cultivars is to further improve an outstanding cultivar. In this study, three advanced backcross populations under yield selection that consist of 123 BC2F2：4 introgression lines （ILs） were developed by crossing Minghui 86 （recurrent parent, RP） with three high-yielding varieties （donors）, namely, ZDZ057, Fuhui 838, and Teqing, respectively. The progeny testing allowed the identification of 12 promising ILs that had significantly higher mean grain yields than Minghui 86 in two environments. A total of 55 QTLs that affect grain yield and its related traits were identified, which included 50 QTLs that were detected using the likelihood ratio test based on stepwise regression （RSTEP-LRT） method, and eight grain yield per plant （GY） QTLs were detected using ehi-squared （X2） test. Among these QTLs, five QTLs were simultaneously detected in different populations and 22 QTLs were detected in both environments. The beneficial donor alleles for increased GY and its related traits were identified in 63.6% （35 out of 55） of the QTLs. These promising ILs and QTLs identified will provide the elite breeding materials and genetic information for further improvement of the grain yield for Minghui 86 through pyramiding breeding.

关键词： rice (Qryza sativa L.) quantitative trait locus (QTL) selective introgression population yield

A High-throughput Genomic Tool： Diversity Array Technology Complementary for rice Genotyping

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第9期48卷 1069-1076页

作者： Yong Xie Kenneth McNally Cheng-Yun Li Hei Leung You-Yong Zhu National Center for Agro-biodiversity Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China Genetic Resources Center International Rice Research Institute DAPO P.O. Box 7777 Metro Manila Philippines Entomology and Plant Pathology Division International Rice Research Institute DAPO P.O. Box 7777 Metro Manila Philippines

Diversity array technology （DART^TM） was a genotyping tool characterized gel-independent and high throughput. The main purpose of present study is to validate DArT for rice （Oryza sativa L.）genotyping in a high throughput manner. Technically, the main objective was to generate a rice general purpose gene pool, and optimize this genomic tool in order to evaluate rice germplasm genetic diversity. To achieve this, firstly, a generalpurpose DArT array was developed. Ten representatives from 24 varieties were hybridized with the general-purpose array to determine the informativeness of the clones printed on the array. The informative 1 152 clones were re-arrayed on a slide and used to fingerprint 17 of 24 germplasms. Hybridizing targets prepared from the germplasm to be assayed to the DNA array gave DNA fingerprints of germplasms. Raw data were normalized and transformed into binary data, which were then analyzed by using NTSYSpc （Numerical taxonomy system for cluster and ordination analysis, v. 2.02j） software package. The graphically displayed dendrogram derived from the array experimental data was matched with simple sequence repeats genotyping outline and varieties＇ pedigree deviation of the different varieties. Considering DArT is a sequence-independent genotyping approach, it will be applied in studies of the genetic diversity and the gene mapping of diverse of organisms, especially for those crops with less-developed molecular markers.

关键词： amplified fragment length polymorphisms diversity array technology genome complexity reduction microarray rice genotyping

Identifying key traits in high-yielding rice cultivars for adaptability to both temperate and tropical environments

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The Crop Journal 2019年第5期7卷 685-693页

作者： Toshiyuki Takai Patrick Lumanglas Eliza Vie Simon Yumiko Arai-Sanoh Hidetoshi Asai Nobuya Kobayashi Japan international research Center for Agricultural Sciences TsukubaIbaraki 305-8686Japan international rice research institute DAPO Box 7777Metro ManilaPhilippines institute of Crop Science National Agriculture and Food Research Organization(NARO)TsukubaIbaraki 305-8518Japan

Increasing rice yield potential is a continuous challenge posed by world population *** increase yield potential,favorable alleles of valuable genes need to be accumulated in promising *** conducted comparative yield trials for two years in Tsukuba,Japan,in a temperate region and at the international rice research institute(IRRI),Philippines,in a tropical region using five high-yielding rice cultivars:Takanari and Hokuriku193,developed in Japan,and IR64,NSIC Rc158,and YTH183,developed in the *** plus genotype×environment interaction(GGE)biplot analysis across four environments(two regions×two seasons)classified the five cultivars into four categories:Takanari and YTH183 showed high adaptability to both tropical and temperate regions,Hokuriku193 was suitable for temperate regions,NSIC Rc158 was suitable for the tropics,and IR64 was inferior to the other cultivars in both *** high yield and adaptability in Takanari and YTH183 were attributed to their large sink capacity with good grain *** plant type for high yield was different,however,between the two cultivars;Takanari was a panicle-weight type,whereas YTH183 was a panicle-number *** of F2 progeny of a cross between Takanari and YTH183 showed transgressive segregation for number of panicles per plant as well as number of spikelets per panicle,leading some F2 plants to produce more spikelets per plant(corresponding to larger sink size)than the parental cultivars in both *** results suggest the possibility of developing rice cultivars with high yield potential in both temperate and tropical regions by crossing temperate with tropical high-yielding cultivars.

关键词： Adaptability Genotype×environment interaction rice Sink capacity Yield potential

Molecular Improvement of Grain Weight and Yield in rice by Using GW6 Gene

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rice science 2014年第3期21卷 127-132页

作者： LI Yuan-yuan TAO Hong-jian ZHAO Xiang-qian XU Jie LI Geng-mi HU Shi-kai DONG Guo-jun SHI Zheng-yuan WU Li-wen HU Jiang YE Guo-you GUO Long-biao State Key Laboratory of rice Biology China National Rice Research Institute Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology DivisionInternational Rice Research Institute (IRRI)CollegeLos Banos 4031Lagunathe Philippines

Molecular design breeding is one of straightforward approaches to break yield barriers in rice. In this study, GW6 gene for grain length and width from Baodali was transferred into an indica recurrent parent 9311 and a japonica variety Zhonghua 11 （ZH11） using marker-assisted backcross （MAB）. One and three introgression lines were selected for phenotypic analysis from 9311 and ZH11 genetic backgrounds, respectively. SSL-1, an improved 9311 near isogenic line with GW6 performed 11%, 19% and 6.7%higher of grain length, 1000-grain weight and single plant yield, respectively, as compared with 9311. All the three improved ZH11-GW6 lines, R1, R2 and R3, had more than 30% increase in grain weight and about 7%higher in grain yield. Seed plumpness of R1, R2 and R3 was improved synchronously because the three ZH11-GW6 lines contained GIF1 （Grain Incomplete Filling 1）, a dominant grain filling gene. Thus, GW6 has high potential in increasing the yield of inbred lines through MAB, making it an important genetic resource in super hybrid rice breeding. This study provides insights in the utilization of GW6 for large grain and high yield rice breeding via molecular design breeding.

关键词： rice GW6 gene molecular marker-assisted selection yield

Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen on the Performance of Aerobic rice in Northern China

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第12期50卷 1589-1600页

作者： Chang-Ying Xue Xiao-Guang Yang B.A.M. Bouman Wei Deng Qiu-Ping Zhang Jie Yang Wei-Xiong Yan Tian-Yi Zhang A-Ji Rouzi Hua-Qi Wang Pu Wang China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China international rice research institute DAPO Box 7777 Metro Manila Philippines Henan institute of Meteorology Zhengzhou 450003 China

Aerobic rice is a new production system in which specially-developed varieties are grown under non-flooded, non-puddled, and non-saturated soil conditions. In 2003-2004, irrigation x Nitrogen experiments were carried out near Beijing using variety HD297. Water treatments included four irrigation levels, and Nitrogen treatments included different fertilizer N application rates and different numbers of N splits. The highest yields were 4460 kg/ha with 688 mm of total （rain plus irrigation） water input in 2003 and 6 026 kg/ha with 705 mm of water input in 2004. Because of the quite even distribution of rainfall in both years, the four irrigation treatments did not result in large differences of soil water conditions. There were few significant effects of irrigation on biomass accumulation, but yield increased with the total amount of water applied. High yields coincided with high harvest index and high percentages of grain filling. The application of fertilizer N either reduced biomass and yield or kept it at the same level as 0 N and consistently reduced the percentage grain filling and 1 000-grain weight. With the highest water application, five splits of N gave higher yield than three splits, whereas three splits gave higher yield than five splits with lower water applications.

关键词： aerobic rice nitrogen use efficiency North China water productivity.

Feeding More People on an Increasingly Fragile Planet: China's Food and Nutrition Security in a National and Global Context

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第6期13卷 1193-1205页

作者： Shenggen Fan Joanna Brzeska international Food Policy research institute

Developing and developed countries alike are increasingly facing the dififcult question of how to feed more people amidst a host of emerging demographic, environmental, and health challenges. At the same time, in addition to food quantity, increased attention is being given to food quality attributes, in particular nutrition and safety. This is especially evident in China, where concerns are on the rise regarding the ability of China’s food production systems to deliver nutritious and safe food to a growing, urbanizing and more aflfuent population. These food and nutrition concerns come at a time when China is an increasingly inlfuential actor within the global food security network through activities such as production, consumption and trade. We argue that China has the opportunity to increase food and nutrition security both nationally and globally through a comprehensive policy agenda that focuses on institutional reforms, investments for and in agriculture, productive social safety nets, mutually beneifcial trade, and the exchange of know-how and technologies among developing countries and donors. This agenda will help China adapt its food production systems to the changing face of agriculture and to play a vital role in addressing the emerging challenges facing food and nutrition security within and beyond China in the coming decades.

关键词： food security nutrition China agricultural development

Effects of longitudinal range-gorge terrain on the eco-geographical pattern in Southwest China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2012年第5期22卷 825-842页

作者： PAN Tao WU Shaohong HE Daming DAI Erfu LIU Yujie institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources research CAS Beijing 100101 China institute of Tibetan Plateau research CAS Beijing 100085 China Asian international Rivers Center Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China

China＇s southwestern special terrain pattern as parallel arrangement between lon- gitudinal towering mountains and deep valleys has significant effects on the differentiation of local natural environment and eco-geographical pattern in this region. The 1：50,000 Digital Elevation Model （DEM） data of Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region （LRGR）, meteorological observation data from the station establishment to 2010, hydrological observation data, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） and Net Primary Productivity （NPP） products of MOD13 and MOD17 as well as 1：1,000,000 vegetation type data were used. Moisture in- dices including surface atmospheric vapor content, precipitation, aridity/humidity index, sur- face runoff, and temperature indices including average temperature, annual accumulated temperature, total solar radiation were selected. Based on ANUSPLIN spline function, GIS spatial analysis, wavelet analysis and landscape pattern analysis, regional differentiation characteristics and main-control factors of hydrothermal pattern, ecosystem structure and function in this region were analyzed to reveal the effects of terrain pattern o~ regional dif- ferentiation of eco-geographical elements. The results show that： influenced by terrain pattern moisture, temperature and heat in LRGR have shown significant distribution cllaracteristics as intermittent weft differences and continuous warp extension. Longitudinal mountains and valleys not only have a north-south corridor function and diffusion effect on the transfer of major surface materials and energy, but also have east-west barrier function and blocking effect. Special topographic pattern has important influences on vegetation landscape diversity and spatiat pattern of ecosystem structure and function, which is the main-control factor on vegetation landscape diversity and spatial distribution of ecosystem. Wavelet variance analysis reflects the spatial anisotropy of environmental factors, NDVI and NPP, while wavele

关键词： Southwest China Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region (LRGR) "corridor-barrier" effect eco-geographical region spatial differentiation

ABNORMAL FLOWER AND GRAIN 1 encodes OsMADS6 and determines palea identity and affects rice grain yield and quality

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2020年第2期63卷 228-238页

作者： Xiaoqi Yu Saisai Xia Qiankun Xu Yuanjiang Cui Ming Gong Dali Zeng Qiang Zhang Lan Shen Guiai Jiao Zhenyu Gao Jiang Hu Guangheng Zhang Li Zhu Longbiao Guo Deyong Ren Qian Qian State Key Laboratory of rice Biology China National Center for Rice ImprovementChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006China

The palea and lemma are floral organ structures unique to grasses;these structures form the hull and directly affect grain size and quality. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling the development of the hull are not well understood. In this study, we characterized the rice(Oryza sativa) abnormal flower and grain1(afg1) mutant, a new allele of OsMADS6. Similar to previously characterized osmads6 alleles, in the afg1 floret, the palea lost its marginal region and acquired the lemma identity. However, in contrast to other osmads6 alleles, the afg1 mutant showed altered grain size and grain quality, with decreased total starch and amylose contents, and increased protein and soluble sugar contents. The analysis of transcriptional activity suggested that AFG1 is a transcriptional activator and may affect grain size by regulating the expression levels of several genes related to cell expansion and proliferation in the afg1 mutant. These results revealed that AFG1 plays an important role in determining palea identity and affecting grain yield and quality in rice.

关键词： rice(Oryza sativa) AFG1 palea transcriptional activator grain yield and quality

水稻干旱胁迫诱导DNA甲基化时空变化特征分析

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中国农业科学 2009年第9期42卷 3009-3018页

作者：潘雅姣傅彬英王迪朱苓华黎志康中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家农作物基因资源和遗传改良重大科学工程 international rice research institute

【目的】研究水稻抗旱导入系DK106和旱敏感轮回亲本IR64苗期和分蘖期干旱胁迫前后DNA甲基化的变化情况,并比较分析叶片和根部DNA甲基化变化特征,探讨DNA甲基化在水稻干旱胁迫反应中的作用。【方法】用甲基化敏感扩增多态性技术(methylat... 详细信息

【目的】研究水稻抗旱导入系DK106和旱敏感轮回亲本IR64苗期和分蘖期干旱胁迫前后DNA甲基化的变化情况,并比较分析叶片和根部DNA甲基化变化特征,探讨DNA甲基化在水稻干旱胁迫反应中的作用。【方法】用甲基化敏感扩增多态性技术(methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism,MSAP)和高效液相层析(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)方法分析DNA甲基化变化情况;从聚丙烯酰胺凝胶回收甲基化多态性片段并克隆测序及序列比对。【结果】MSAP分析结果显示,水稻基因组中约有20%的CCGG位点发生了胞嘧啶甲基化;水分胁迫导致DNA甲基化平均水平明显增加,其中根部增加幅度尤为明显;DNA甲基化水平及状态变化在品种间存在差异,同时具有时期及组织特异性。对干旱胁迫特异诱导DNA甲基化片段序列分析结果表明,基因编码区和非编码区发生DNA甲基化的频率基本相同。【结论】干旱胁迫反应过程中DNA甲基化表现出一定时空特异性和品种特异性,且与品种抗旱性差异相关。

关键词： DNA甲基化干旱胁迫甲基化敏感扩增多态性高效液相层析